Surface Patterning of Metal Zinc Electrode with an In‑Region Zincophilic Interface for High‑Rate and Long‑Cycle‑Life Zinc Metal Anode

The undesirable dendrite growth induced by non-planar zinc(Zn)deposition and low Coulombic efficiency resulting from severe side reactions have been long-standing challenges for metallic Zn anodes and substantially impede the practical application of rechargeable aqueous Zn metal batteries(ZMBs).Herein,we present a strategy for achieving a high-rate and long-cycle-life Zn metal anode by patterning Zn foil surfaces and endowing a Zn-Indium(Zn-In)interface in the microchannels.The accumulation of electrons in the microchannel and the zincophilicity of the Zn-In interface promote preferential heteroepitaxial Zn deposition in the microchannel region and enhance the tolerance of the electrode at high current densities.Meanwhile,electron aggregation accelerates the dissolution of non-(002)plane Zn atoms on the array surface,thereby directing the subsequent homoepitaxial Zn deposition on the array surface.Consequently,the planar dendrite-free Zn deposition and long-term cycling stability are achieved(5,050 h at 10.0 mA cm^(−2) and 27,000 cycles at 20.0 mA cm^(−2)).Furthermore,a Zn/I_(2) full cell assembled by pairing with such an anode can maintain good stability for 3,500 cycles at 5.0 C,demonstrating the application potential of the as-prepared ZnIn anode for high-performance aqueous ZMBs.

Ag-integrated mixed metallic Co-Fe-Ni-Mn hydroxide composite as advanced electrode for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors

Direct growth of redox-active noble metals and rational design of multifunctional electrochemical active materials play crucial roles in developing novel electrode materials for energy storage devices.In this regard,silver(Ag)has attracted great attention in the design of efficient electrodes.Inspired by the house/building process,which means electing the right land,it lays a strong foundation and building essential columns for a complex structure.Herein,we report the construction of multifaceted heterostructure cobalt-iron hydroxide(CFOH)nanowires(NWs)@nickel cobalt manganese hydroxides and/or hydrate(NCMOH)nanosheets(NSs)on the Ag-deposited nickel foam and carbon cloth(i.e.,Ag/NF and Ag/CC)substrates.Moreover,the formation and charge storage mechanism of Ag are described,and these contribute to good conductive and redox chemistry features.The switching architectural integrity of metal and redox materials on metallic frames may significantly boost charge storage and rate performance with noticeable drop in resistance.The as-fabricated Ag@CFOH@NCMOH/NF electrode delivered superior areal capacity value of 2081.9μA h cm^(-2)at 5 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,as-assembled hybrid cell based on NF(HC/NF)device exhibited remarkable areal capacity value of 1.82 mA h cm^(-2)at 5 mA cm^(-2)with excellent rate capability of 74.77%even at 70 mA cm^(-2)Furthermore,HC/NF device achieved maximum energy and power densities of 1.39 mW h cm^(-2)and 42.35 mW cm^(-2),respectively.To verify practical applicability,both devices were also tested to serve as a self-charging station for various portable electronic devices.

Correction: Surface Patterning of Metal ZincElectrode with an In-Region Zincophilic Interfacefor High-Rate and Long-Cycle-Life Zinc MetalAnode

Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2024)16:112 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01327-2 In the supplementary information the following corrections have been carried out:1.Institute of Energy and Climate Research,Materials Synthesis and Processing,Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH,52425 Jülich,Germany.Corrected:Institute of Energy and Climate Research:Materials Synthesis and Processing(IEK-1),Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH,52425 Jülich,Germany.

Ternary MOF‑Based Redox Active Sites Enabled 3D‑on‑2D Nanoarchitectured Battery‑Type Electrodes for High‑Energy‑Density Supercapatteries

Designing rationally combined metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)with multifunctional nanogeometries is of significant research interest to enable the electrochemical properties in advanced energy storage devices.Herein,we explored a new class of binderfree dual-layered Ni-Co-Mn-based MOFs(NCM-based MOFs)with three-dimensional(3D)-on-2D nanoarchitectures through a polarityinduced solution-phase method for high-performance supercapatteries.The hierarchical NCM-based MOFs having grown on nickel foam exhibit a battery-type charge storage mechanism with superior areal capacity(1311.4μAh cm^−2 at 5 mA cm^−2),good rate capability(61.8%;811.67μAh cm^−2 at 50 mA cm^−2),and an excellent cycling durability.The superior charge storage properties are ascribed to the synergistic features,higher accessible active sites of dual-layered nanogeometries,and exalted redox chemistry of multi metallic guest species,respectively.The bilayered NCM-based MOFs are further employed as a battery-type electrode for the fabrication of supercapattery paradigm with biomass-derived nitrogen/oxygen doped porous carbon as a negative electrode,which demonstrates excellent capacity of 1.6 mAh cm^−2 along with high energy and power densities of 1.21 mWh cm^−2 and 32.49 mW cm^−2,respectively.Following,the MOF-based supercapattery was further assembled with a renewable solar power harvester to use as a self-charging station for various portable electronic applications.

Surface-engineered binder-free PEDOT shielded nickel magnesium selenide nanosheet arrays electrode for ultralong-life flexible quasi-solid-state hybrid supercapacitors

Together with the development of high-performance advanced electronics,flexible supercapacitors(SCs)with tailored nanostructures have great attraction.Electrochemically deposited nanosheet arrays of nickel magnesium selenide(NixMg3-xSe4,NMgS)with high capacitance provide high potentials as a positive electrode in flexible SCs.To further enhance their electrochemical properties and long-term cycling stability,a promising strategy of surface engineering with conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)is proposed.The present work proposes the construction of PEDOT shielded NMgS(P@NMgS-2)on a flexible carbon cloth substrate via a hierarchical electrodeposition technique.Benefitting from the synergistic effect,the P@NMgS-2 exhibits an excellent areal capacitance value of 1440 mF cm^(-2)at 4 mA cm^(-2).A novel shape-adaptable polymer gel electrolyte-assisted flexible quasi-solid-state hybrid SC(FQHSC)device constructed with P@NMgS-2 as a positive electrode and activated carbon as a negative electrode demonstrates the maximum power and energy density values of 14.13 mW cm^(-2)and 0.18 mWh cm^(-2),respectively,followed by outstanding cycling stability(∼100%capacitance retention over 50,000 cycles).Furthermore,the FQHSC device successfully powered electronic devices with no serious degradation upon bending and twisting for wearable electronic applications.

Structural engineering of potassium vanadate cathode by pre-intercalated Mg_(2+) for high-performance and durable rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Aqueous zinc(Zn)-ion batteries(AZIBs)have the potential to be used in massive energy storage owing to their low cost,eco-friendliness,safety,and good energy density.Significant research has been focused on enhancing the performance of AZIBs,but challenges persist.Vanadium-based oxides,known for their large interlayer spacing,are promising cathode materials.In this report,we synthesize Mg^(2+)-intercalated potassium vanadate(KVO)(MgKVO)via a single-step hydrothermal method and achieve a 12.2°Ainterlayer spacing.Mg^(2+) intercalation enhances the KVO performance,providing wide channels for Zn^(2+),which results in high capacity and ion diffusion.The combined action of K^(+) and Mg^(2+) intercalation enhances the electrical conductivity of MgKVO.This structural design endows MgKVO with excellent electrochemical performance.The AZIB with the MgKVO cathode delivers a high capacity of 457 mAh g^(-1) at 0.5 A g^(-1),excellent rate performance of 298 mAh g^(-1) at 5 A g^(-1),and outstanding cycling stability of 102%over 1300 cycles at 3 A g^(-1).Additionally,pseudocapacitance analysis reveals the high capacitance contribution and Zn^(2+)diffusion coefficient of MgKVO.Notably,ex-situ X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and Raman analyses further demonstrate the Zn^(2+)insertion/extraction and Zn-ion storage mechanisms that occurred during cycling in the battery system.This study provides new insights into the intercalation of dual cations in vanadium oxides and offers new solutions for designing cathodes for high-capacity AZIBs.

Cerium vanadate/carbon nanotube hybrid composite nanostructures as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries

The pristine CeVO_(4) and CeVO_(4)/CNT hybrid composite nanostructured samples were facilely synthesized using a simple silicone oil-bath method.From the X-ray diffraction results,the formation of tetragonal CeVO_(4) with an additional minor phase of V_(2)O_(5) was identified.When investigated as an anode material for lithium(Li)-ion batteries,the CeVO_(4)/CNT hybrid composite nanostructure(HCNS) electrode demonstrated improved Li storage performance over the pristine CeVO_(4).The Li insertion/de-insertion electrochemical reaction with the CeVO_(4) was analyzed on the basis of cyclic voltammetry study.The cyclic voltammetry analysis revealed that the three-step reduction of V^(5+) to V^(3+), V^(3+) to V^(2+), and V^(2+) to V+ processes is involved and among them,only V^(5+) to V^(3+) is reversible during the Li-ion insertion into CeVO_(4).The CeVO_(4)/CNT HCNS electrode exhibited a discharge capacity as high as 443 mA h g^(-1)(capacity retention of 96.3%) over 200 cycles at 100 mA g^(-1), whereas the pristine CeVO_(4) is limited to 138 mA h g^(-1)(capacity retention of 48%).Even at a high current density of 500 mA g^(-1), the CeVO_(4)/CNT HCNS electrode delivered an excellent reversible capacity of 586.82 mA h g^(-1) after 1200 cycles.

Multicomponent mixed metallic hierarchical ZnNi@Ni@PEDOT arrayed structures as advanced electrode for high-performance hybrid electrochemical cells

Engineering multicomponent nanomaterials as an electrode with rationalized ordered structures is a promising strategy for fulfilling the high-energy storage needs of supercapacitors(SCs).Even now,the fundamental barrier to utilizing hydroxides/hydroxyl carbonates is their poor electrochemical performance,resulting from the significantly poor electrical conductivity and sluggish charge storage kinetics.Hence,a multilayered structural approach is primarily and successfully used to construct electrodes as one of the efficient approaches.This method has made it possible to develop well-ordered nanostructured electrodes with good performance by taking advantage of tunable approach parameters.Herein,we report the design of multilayered heterostructure porous zinc-nickel nanosheets@nickel flakes hydroxyl carbonates and/or hydroxides integrated with conductive PEDOT fibrous network(i.e.,ZnNi@Ni@PEDOT) via facile synthesis methods.The combined hybrid electrode acquires the features of high electrical conductivity from one part and various valance states from another one to develop a well-organized nanosheet/flake/fibrous-like heterostructure with decent mechanical strength,creating robust synergistic results.Thus,the designed binder-free ZnNi@Ni@PEDOT electrode delivers a high areal capacity value of 1050.1 μA h cm^(-2) at 3 mA cm^(-2) with good cycling durability,significantly outperforming other individual electrodes.Moreover,its feasibility is also tested by constructing a hybrid electrochemical cell(HEC).The assembled HEC exhibits a high areal capacity value of 783.8 μA h cm^(-2) at5 mA cm^(-2).and even at a high current density of 100 mA cm^(-2)(484.6 μA h cm^(-2)),the device still retains a rate capability of 61,82%,Also,the HEC shows maximum energy and power densities of0.595 mW h cm^(-2) and 77.23 mW cm^(-2),respectively,along with good cycling stability.The obtained energy storage capabilities effectively power various electronic components.These results provide a viable and practical way to construct a positive electrode with innovative heterostructures for highperformance energy storage devices and profoundly influence the development of electrochemical SCs.

In situ deposited cobalt-magnesium selenates as an advanced electrode for electrochemical energy storage

Currently,bimetallic selenates have attracted much attention as a prominent electrode composite material for supercapacitors owing to their higher redox chemistry and superior electrical conductivity.Herein,we synthesized cobalt-magnesium selenates (CoSeO3-Mg Se O4,CMS) via a facile hydrothermal process,followed by selenization.At first,cobalt-magnesium oxide (Co2.32Mg0.68O4,CMO) was in situ prepared by a one-pot hydrothermal method.An investigation on the morphological change was performed by synthesizing the same CMO samples at different growth times by keeping the temperature constant.The CMO electrode designed for 8 h of growth time (CMO-8 h)with an attractive morphology showed a higher areal capacity of 101.7μAh cm-2(at 3 m A cm-2) than the other CMO electrodes prepared for 6 and 10 h.Further exalted performance was achieved by the selenization of the CMO-8 h sample to form the CMS material.At 3 m A cm-2,the resulted CMS exhibited nearly three times higher capacity,i.e.,385.4μAh cm-2,than the CMO-8 h electrode.Additionally,an asymmetric cell fabricated with CMS as a positive electrode also revealed good energy storage performance.Within the applied voltage between 0 and 1.5 V,the asymmetric cell demonstrated maximum energy density of 0.159 m Wh cm-2(18.6 Wh kg-1) and maximum power density of 18.47 m W cm-2(1938 W kg-1),respectively.Thus,novel magnesium-based metal selenates can act as an efficient electrode for energy storage.

Multifunctional core-shell-like nanoarchitectures for hybrid supercapacitors with high capacity and long-term cycling durability

Transition metal oxide/hydroxide with multif unctional hierarchical nano structures has attracted widespread attention in supercapacitors(SCs)because of their large accessible surface area,high electrochemical activity and superior redox chemistry.Herein,core-shell-like copper(Cu)hydroxide nano tube arrays grafted nickel aluminum layered double hydroxide n anosheets were facilely synthesized on porous Cu foam(CH NTAs@NiAI LDH NSs)for use as an efficient battery-type electrode in hybrid SCs.With the synergistic effects of NiAl LDH NSs on well-adhered CH NTAs/CF,the core-shell-like composite(prepared for 24 h)delivered a maximum areal capacity of 334.3 pAh/cm2 at a current density of 3 mA/cm2 in 2 M KOH electrolyte,which is comparatively higher than other samples synthesized at different growth times.Moreover,the core-shell-like CH NTAs@NiAI LDH NSs-24 demonstrated an outstanding cycling stability of 134.3%after 10,000 cycles.Utilizing high capacity and stability of CH NTAs@NiAI LDH NSs-24,a pouch-type hybrid SC was further assembled with core-shell-like composite as a positive electrode and reduced graphene oxide as a negative electrode with a filter paper as a separator in aqueous alkaline electrolyte.The hybrid SC showed a high areal capacity of 250 pAh/cm2 at 2 mA/cm2 with maximum areal energy and power densities of 181.9 pWh/cm2 and 24,991.5 pW/cm2,respectively.Successfully harvest!ng the solar energy via solar cell panel and subsequently delivering the stored en ergy to switching and proximity applicati ons also dem on strated the real-time applicability of our hybrid SCs.

Rare-earth and transition metal ion single-/co-doped double-perovskite tantalate phosphors: Validation of suitability for versatile applications

Novel rare-earth (RE;e.g., europium (Eu^(3+)), samarium (Sm^(3+)), and praseodymium (Pr^(3+))) and transition metal (TM^(4+);e.g., manganese (Mn^(4+))) ion single-/co-doped double-perovskite Ca2InTaO6 (CITO) phosphors were prepared and investigated with respect to their crystal structure and photoluminescence (PL) properties. Among them, the CITO:Eu^(3+) phosphors were found to exhibit an ultra-high internal PL quantum yield (89.1%) and good thermal stability (78.7% at 423 K relative to the initial value at 303 K). As such, the corresponding packaged white light-emitting diode (LED) was able to display a remarkable color rendering index (CRI;= 91.51@10 mA). Besides, the potential in applications of anti-counterfeiting fields and a novel LED structure based on flexible phosphor-converted films was also studied. Moreover, due to their different thermal quenching, trivalent lanthanide (Ln^(3+))/Mn^(4+) co-doped CITO phosphors were designed for optical thermometry based on the luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) between different 4f transitions of various Ln^(3+) ions and ^(2)Eg → ^(4)A_(2g) (Mn^(4+)) transition. Particularly, the LIR between the ^(4)G_(5/2) → ^(6)H_(9/2) and ^(2)Eg → ^(4)A_(2g) peaks of the CITO activated with 5 mol% Sm^(3+) and 0.3 mol% Mn^(4+) exhibited the most excellent relative sensitivity (Sr;= 3.80 %·K^(−1)) with beneficial temperature uncertainty of 0.0648 K. Overall, these results are of significance to offer valuable databases for constructing multifunctional high-performance optical platforms using single-/co-doped double-perovskite tantalates.

Facile one-step hydrothermal route to MSe/Mo_(3)Se_(4)(M:Zn,Mn,and Ni)-based electrode materials for ultralong-life hybrid supercapacitors

Transition metal selenides have attracted great interest in electrochemical energy storage applications because of their good electrochemical activity and conductivity properties.Herein,we reported the metal molybdenum selenide(M Se/Mo_(3)Se_(4)(M:Zn,Mn,and Ni))electrode materials on their morphological and electrochemical properties by varying the metal ions via a facile hydrothermal technique.The effects of the structural,morphological,and surface area properties of the prepared powder materials on their electrochemical performance were studied.Owing to the hierarchical porous and unique interconnected structure,the nickel molybdenum selenide nanosheet spheres(NMS NSSs)-based electrode material delivered an excellent specific capacity value of 252 mAh g^(-1) at a current density of 1 Ag^(-1).Moreover,the optimized NMS NSSs electrode exhibited outstanding cycling stability with a capacity retention of 80%and a corresponding coulombic efficiency of 99%after 80,000 cycles.Additionally,a pouch-type hybrid supercapacitor(HSC)device was assembled using NMS NSSs material as a positive electrode and activated carbon as a negative electrode in 1 M aqueous KOH electrolyte.Furthermore,the assembled HSC device exhibited superior energy and power density values as well as magnificent cycling stability.For real-time practical applications,light-emitting diodes and a digital display were powered using two series-connected HSC devices.Therefore,the obtained tremendous results strongly suggest that the NiSe/Mo_(3)Se_(4) NSSs-based materials could be a promising electrode for ultralong-life energy storage applications.

Entire onion source-derived redox porous carbon electrodes towards efficient quasi-solid-state solar charged hybrid supercapacitor

Biomass-derived electrodes inherently containing redox-active species have gained extensive attention recently due to their availability,eco-friendliness,sustainability,and low cost.We report novel binder-free faradic surface redox onion-derived carbon positive electrode with nano regime particles by hydrothermal synthesis and Na^(+)and Cl^(−)ions diffused porous carbon negative electrode via a carbonization method.Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of oxidized sulfur and(N-6)pyridinic N-based redox groups inherently present in the as-prepared compounds.The electrochemical analysis of the positive electrode revealed its faradic redox type of energy storage mechanism with an excellent specific capacitance of 1805 Fg^(-1) at the current density of 3 Ag^(-1) as well as appreciable long-term cycling stability(76.8%retention after 10000 charge-discharge cycles).Meanwhile,the negative electrode exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 373 Fg^(-1) at 1 Ag^(-1) with outstanding long-term cycling stability(100.7%retention after 10000 cycles).The fabricated polyvinyl alcohol-potassium hydroxide gel electrolyte-based quasi-solid-state hybrid supercapacitor(QHSC)delivered excellent energy density and power density of 19.94 Wh kg^(-1) and 374.99 W kg^(-1),respectively with an ultralong cyclic life(102.3% retention)over 10000 cycles.Furthermore,the QHSC was connected to a solar panel to store renewable energy.Solar charged QHSC effectively powered a speedometer,enlightening its potential application in advanced sustainable energy storage systems.

Triboelectric nanogenerators with gold-thin-film-coated conductive textile as floating electrode for scavenging wind energy

We report triboelectric nanogenerators （TENGs） composed of a flexible and cost-effective gold-coated conductive textile （CT） to convert wind energy into electricity. The Au-coated CT is employed because of its high surface roughness resulting from Au nanodots distributed on microsized fibers. Thus, the Au-coated CT with nano/microarchitecture plays an important role in enhancing the effective contact area as well as the output performance of the TENG. Moreover, the surface roughness of the Au-coated CT is controlled by adjusting the Au thermal deposition time or tailoring the diameter of the Au nanodots. At an applied wind speed of 10 m.s-1, a wind-based TENG （W-TENG） with dimensions of 75 mm × 12 mm ×25 mm produces an open-circuit voltage （Voc） of - 39 V and a short-circuit current （Isc） of - 3 A by using the airflow-induced vibrations of an optimized Au-coated CT between two flat polydimethylsiloxane （PDMS） layers. To further specify the device performance, the electric output of the W-TENG is analyzed by varying several parameters such as the distance between the PDMS layer and Au-coated CT, applied wind speed, external load resistance, and surface roughness of the PDMS layers. Introducing an inverse micropyramid architecture on the PDMS layers further improves the output performance of the W-TENG, which exhibits the highest Voc （- 49 V） and Isc （- 5μA） values at an applied wind speed of 6.8 m.s-1. Additionally, the reliability of the W-TENG is also tested by measuring its output current during long-term cyclic operation. Furthermore, the rectified output signals observed by the W-TENG device are used as a direct power source to light 45 green commercial light-emitting diodes connected in series and also to charge capacitors （100 and 4.7μF）. Finally, the output performance of the W-TENG device in an actual windy situation is also investigated.

Highly flexible conductive fabrics with hierarchically nanostructured amorphous nickel tungsten tetraoxide for enhanced electrochemical energy storage

Amorphous nickel tungsten tetraoxide （NiWO4） nanostructures （NSs） were successfully synthesized on a flexible conductive fabric （CF） using a facile one- step electrochemical deposition （ED） method. With an applied external cathodic voltage （-1.8 V for 15 min）, the amorphous NiWO4 NSs with burl-like morphologies adhered well on the seed-coated CF substrate. The burMike amorphous NiWO4 NSs on CF （NiWO4 NSs/CF） are employed as a flexible and binder-free electrode for pseudocapacitors, which exhibit remarkable electrochemical properties with high specific capacitance （1,190.2 F/g at 2 A/g）, excellent cyclic stability （92% at 10 A/g）, and good rate capability （765.7 F/g at 20 A/g） in 1 M KOH electrolyte solution. The superior electrochemical properties can be ascribed to the hierarchical structure and large specific surface area of the burl-like amorphous NiWO4 NSs/CF. This cost-effective facile method for the synthesis of metal tungsten tetraoxide nanomaterials on a flexible CF could be promising for advanced electronic and energy storage device applications.

A facile one-step approach to hierarchically assembled core-shell-like MnO2@MnO2 nanoarchitectures on carbon fibers： An efficient and flexible electrode material to enhance energy storage

Hierarchical core-shell-like MnO2 nanostructures （NSs） were used to anchor MnO2 hexagonal nanoplate arrays （HNPAs） on carbon cloth （CC） fibers. The NSs were prepared by a novel one-step electrochemical deposition method. Under an external cathodic voltage of -2.0 V for 30 min, hierarchical core-shell-like MnO2-NS-decorated MnO2 HNPAs （MnO2 NSs@MnO2 HNPAs） were uniformly grown on CC with reliable adhesion. The phase purity and morphological properties of the samples were characterized by various physicochemical techniques. At a constant external cathodic voltage, growth of MnO2 NSs@MnO2 HNPAs on CC was carried for different time periods. When utilized as a flexible, robust, and binder-free electrode for pseudocapacitors, the hierarchical core-shell-like MnO2 NSs@MnO2 HNPAs on CC showed clearly enhanced electrochemical properties in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte solution. The results indicate that the MnO2 NSs@MnO2 HNPAs on CC have a maximum specific capacitance of 244.54 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g with excellent cycling stability compared to that of bare MnO2 HNPAs on CC （112.1 F/g at 0.5 A/g current density）. We believe that the superior charge storage performance of the pseudocapacitive electrode can be mainly attributed to the hierarchical MnO2 NSs@MnO2 HNPAs building blocks that have a large specific surface area, offering additional electroactive sites for efficient electrochemical reactions. The facile and single-step approach to growth of hierarchical pseudocapacitive materials on textile based electrodes opens up the possibility for the fabrication of high-performance flexible energy storage devices.

Electrospun ZnSnO_(3)/PVDF‑HFP Nanofibrous Triboelectric Films for Efficient Mechanical Energy Harvesting

Nowadays,triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)are one of the most emerging technologies owing to their easy and costeffective device structure.TENGs can harvest mechanical energy from our living environment.Herein,we synthesized dielectric zinc tin oxide(ZnSnO_(3))nanoparticles(NPs)by a hydrothermal technique.The ZnSnO_(3)NPs provide a dielectric and piezoelectric effect,which can efficiently enhance the output electrical performance of the proposed TENG.The prepared ZnSnO_(3)NPs were embedded into a polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene(PVDF-HFP)polymer to prepare ZnSnO_(3)/PVDF-HFP nanofibrous films to fabricate a TENG.The output performance of TENG was investigated and optimized by varying the loading concentration of ZnSnO_(3)NPs in PVDF-HFP fibrous films.The highest voltage,current,charge density,and power density from the fabricated TENG were achieved as~138 V,~5μA,~52μC/m2,and~1.6 W/m2,respectively.Additionally,the robustness of the TENG was studied via the long-term mechanical stability test.Finally,the practical and real-time application of the TENG was demonstrated by harvesting mechanical energy to power low-power portable electronic devices.Furthermore,the materials used in the TENG were combined into a skipping rope to harvest biomechanical/mechanical energy while exercising.

Warm white emission of LaSr_(2)F_(7):Dy^(3+)/Eu^(3+)NPs with excellent thermal stability for indoor illumination

The novel single Dy^(3+)-activated and Dy^(3+)/Eu^(3+)co-activated LaSr_(2)F_(7) NPs-based phosphors were successfully synthesized via a simple precipitation reaction method at room temperature.The phase formations and cell parameters of single Dy^(3+)-activated and Dy^(3+)/Eu^(3+)co-activated LaSr_(2)F_(7) NPs were verified in detail by the Rietveld refinement technique based on the recorded X-ray diffraction patterns.The doping concentration of single Dy^(3+)-activated LaSr_(2)F_(7) NPs was optimized to be 0.1 mol with the concentration quenching dominated by the electric dipole-dipole interaction.Meanwhile,a variety of Eu^(3+)-activated La_(0.9)Sr_(2)F_(7):0.1Dy^(3+)NPs exhibited tunable luminescent properties and emitted warm white light in close to standard warm white light under 363 nm excitation.The valid energy transfer(ET)efficiency from Dy^(3+) to Eu^(3+) ions was estimated to be about 86.02%based on the emission intensity while the electric dipole-quadrupole interaction dominated the concentration quenching mechanism in ET process.Eventually,the thermal quenching of the obtained samples was studied,showing the excellent thermal stability.All the results manifest that Eu^(3+)-activated LaSr_(2)F_(7):Dy^(3+)NPs could emit warm white light with excellent thermal stability for indoor illumination.

Lead-free silver niobate microparticles-loaded PDMS composite films for high-performance clip-like hybrid mechanical energy harvesters

A triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)is a highly potential green energy harvesting technology to power small-scale electronic devices.Enhancing the overall electricity production capacity of TENGs is a primary concern for their utilization as an electricity generator in day-to-day life.Herein,we proposed a lead-free silver niobate(AgNbO_(3)(ANb))microparticles(MPs)-embedded polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)composite film-based clip-like hybrid nanogenerator(HNG)device,producing an enhanced electrical output from the applied mechanical movements.The ANb MPs with a high dielectric constant were initially synthesized and embedded inside the PDMS polymer matrix.Various HNGs were fabricated utilizing ANb MPs/PDMS composite films/aluminum tape as negative/positive triboelectric films,respectively and operated in contact-separation mode.The electrical output from them was comparatively analyzed to investigate an optimum concentration of the ANb MPs inside the PDMS film.The robust HNG with 5 wt%ANb MPs/PDMS composite film produced the highest electrical output with promising stability.Thereafter,three similar optimized HNGs were fabricated and integrated within a 3D-printed clip-like structure and the electrical output was thoroughly evaluated while combining multiple HNGs as well as from each independent HNG.The clip-like HNG device exhibited an electrical output of 340 V and 20μA that can be further utilized to charge various capacitors and power portable electronics.Owing to the high resilience structure of the clip-like HNG device,it was also demonstrated to harvest biomechanical energy produced by human movements into electricity.The mechanical energy harvesting when the clip-like HNG device was attached to the accelerator pedal of the car and the pedal of a musical piano was successfully demonstrated.