Researchers and clinicians have long been interested in the mechanisms of pain,anesthesia,and addiction.The International Association for the Study of Pain(IASP)defines pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional expe...Researchers and clinicians have long been interested in the mechanisms of pain,anesthesia,and addiction.The International Association for the Study of Pain(IASP)defines pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with,or resembling that associated with,actual or potential tissue damage(Raja et al.,2020).Drug addiction refers to a condition of reliance that develops from regular drug consumption,which may lead to withdrawal symptoms when use is halted.Anesthesia involves the complete loss of consciousness induced by an inhaled or intravenous anesthetic(Tosello et al.,2022).In this special collection,Zoological Research presents research findings focused on pain,addiction,and anesthesia.展开更多
Anti-IgLON5 disease is a recently defined autoimmune disorder of the nervous system associated with autoantibodies against IgLON5. Given its broad clinical spectrum and extremely complex pathogenesis, as well as diffi...Anti-IgLON5 disease is a recently defined autoimmune disorder of the nervous system associated with autoantibodies against IgLON5. Given its broad clinical spectrum and extremely complex pathogenesis, as well as difficulties in its early diagnosis and treatment, anti-IgLON5 disease has become the subject of considerable research attention in the field of neuroimmunology. Anti-IgLON5 disease has characteristics of both autoimmunity and neurodegeneration due to the unique activity of the antiIgLON5 antibody. Neuropathologic examination revealed the presence of a tauopathy preferentially affecting the hypothalamus and brainstem tegmentum, potentially broadening our understanding of tauopathies. In contrast to that seen with other autoimmune encephalitis-related antibodies, basic studies have demonstrated that IgLON5 antibody-induced neuronal damage and degeneration are irreversible, indicative of a potential link between autoimmunity and neurodegeneration in antiIgLON5 disease. Herein, we comprehensively review and discuss basic and clinical studies relating to anti-IgLON5 disease to better understand this complicated disorder.展开更多
Sediment collapse and subsequent lateral downslope migration play important roles in shaping the habitats and regulating sedimentary organic carbon(SOC)cycling in hadal trenches.In this study,three sediment cores were...Sediment collapse and subsequent lateral downslope migration play important roles in shaping the habitats and regulating sedimentary organic carbon(SOC)cycling in hadal trenches.In this study,three sediment cores were collected using a human-occupied vehicle across the axis of the southern Yap Trench(SYT).The total organic carbon(TOC)and total nitrogen(TN)contents,δ13C,radiocarbon ages,specific surface areas,and grain size compositions of sediments from three cores were measured.We explored the influence of the lateral downslope transport on the dispersal of the sediments and established a tentative box model for the SOC balance.In the SYT,the surface TOC content decreased with water depth and was decoupled by the funneling effect of the V-shaped hadal trench.However,the sedimentation(0.0025 cm/a)and SOC accumulation rates(∼0.038 g/(m^(2)·a)(in terms of OC))were approximately 50%higher in the deeper hadal region than in the abyssal region(0.0016 cm/a and∼0.026 g/(m^(2)·a)(in terms of OC),respectively),indicating the occurrence of lateral downslope transport.The fluctuating variations in the prokaryotic abundances and the SOC accumulation rate suggest the periodic input of surficial sediments from the shallow region.The similar average TOC(0.31%–0.38%),TN(0.06%–0.07%)contents,and SOC compositions(terrestrial OC(11%–18%),marine phytoplanktonic OC(45%–53%),and microbial OC(32%–44%))of the three sites indicate that the lateral downslope transport has a significant mixing effect on the SOC composition.The output fluxes of the laterally transported SOC(0.44–0.56 g/(m^(2)·a)(in terms of OC))contributed approximately(47%–73%)of the total SOC input,and this proportion increased with water depth.The results of this study demonstrate the importance of lateral downslope transport in the spatial distribution and development of biomes.展开更多
Lithium-metal anodes(LMAs)have been recognized as the ultimate anodes for next-generation batteries with high energy density,but stringent assembly-environment conditions derived from the poor moisture stability drama...Lithium-metal anodes(LMAs)have been recognized as the ultimate anodes for next-generation batteries with high energy density,but stringent assembly-environment conditions derived from the poor moisture stability dramatically hinder the transformation of LMAs from laboratory to industry.Herein,an in situ formed cross-linked polymer layer on LMAs is designed and constructed by a facile thiol-acrylate click chemistry reaction between poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate(PEGDA)and the crosslinker containing multi thiol groups under UV irradiation.Owing to the hydrophobic nature of the layer,the treated LMAs demonstrate remarkable humid stability for more than 3 h in ambient air(70%relative humidity).The coating humid-resistant protective layer also possesses a dual-functional characterization as solid polymer electrolytes by introducing lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide in the system in advance.The intimate contact between the polymer layer and LMAs reduces interfacial resistance in the assembled Li/LiFePO_(4)or Li/LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)full cell effectively,and endows the cell with an outstanding cycle performance.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Addiction is a major global risk factor for disability and premature death'and has become a public health and social problem worldwide.Despite substantial investments from governments and research ins...INTRODUCTION Addiction is a major global risk factor for disability and premature death'and has become a public health and social problem worldwide.Despite substantial investments from governments and research institutionsglobally,current addictionmedicine research remains centred in Western countries.However,theories,models and results from western-centric research may not be applicable to different cultures.Non-Western countries such as China and Iran,and Western countries are committed to establishing addiction prevention and treatment tailored to their unique histories and cultures.To foster a global addiction science,it is important to increase the diversity of evidence without preconceived biases.展开更多
Propofol preconditioning has been shown to provide neuroprotection against spinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this study, spinal cord ischemia/repeffusion injury was induced by blocking the abdominal aorta in rabb...Propofol preconditioning has been shown to provide neuroprotection against spinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this study, spinal cord ischemia/repeffusion injury was induced by blocking the abdominal aorta in rabbits for 40 minutes. Results showed that the co-application of propofol preconditioning and postconditioning regimen ameliorated pathological injury of the ischemic spinal cord and suppressed the elevation of malondialdehyde levels and increased superoxide dismutase activities in the spinal cord tissues. Co-application of propofol preconditioning and postconditioning resulted in potent protective effects against spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury and prolonged the spinal cord＇s tolerance to ischemia. This protection was associated with the anti-lipid peroxidation capacity of the spinal cord tissues.展开更多
Propofol has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects on the injured spinal cord.However,the effect of propofol on the blood-spinal cord barrier（BSCB） after ischemia/reperfusion injury（IRI） is poorly understood...Propofol has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects on the injured spinal cord.However,the effect of propofol on the blood-spinal cord barrier（BSCB） after ischemia/reperfusion injury（IRI） is poorly understood.Therefore,we investigated whether propofol could maintain the integrity of the BSCB.Spinal cord IRI（SCIRI） was induced in rabbits by infrarenal aortic occlusion for 30 minutes.Propofol,30 mg/kg,was intravenously infused 10 minutes before aortic clamping as well as at the onset of reperfusion.Then,48 hours later,we performed histological and m RNA/protein analyses of the spinal cord.Propofol decreased histological damage to the spinal cord,attenuated the reduction in BSCB permeability,downregulated the m RNA and protein expression levels of matrix metalloprotease-9（MMP-9） and nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB）,and upregulated the protein expression levels of occludin and claudin-5.Our findings suggest that propofol helps maintain BSCB integrity after SCIRI by reducing MMP-9 expression,by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway,and by maintaining expression of tight junction proteins.展开更多
The ecosystem of the sea region adjacent to the Antarctic Peninsula is undergoing remarkable physical and biological changes, in the context of global warming. However, understanding of the dynamics of phytoplankton t...The ecosystem of the sea region adjacent to the Antarctic Peninsula is undergoing remarkable physical and biological changes, in the context of global warming. However, understanding of the dynamics of phytoplankton taxonomic composition in this marginal ice zone remains unclear. In this study, seawater samples collected from 36 stations in the northeastern Antarctic Peninsula were analyzed for nutrients and phytoplankton pigments.Combining with CHEMTAX analysis, remote sensing data, and physicochemical measurements, we investigated the relationships between phytoplankton crops, taxonomic composition, and marine environmental drivers.Integrated chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentrations(200 m) varied from 8.9 mg/m^(2)to 64.2 mg/m^(2), with an average of(23.2±12.0) mg/m^(2)and higher phytoplankton biomass concentrated in the coastal region of South Orkney Island and South Shetland Island. Diatoms were the dominant functional group(63%±21%). Higher proportions of diatoms were associated with higher Chl a(r=0.40, p<0.01), stable water columns(r=0.20, p<0.01), higher Si/P ratios(r=0.34, p<0.01), higher photosynthetically active radiation intensity(r=0.64, p<0.01), and higher sea ice melt water contributions(MWC, r=0.20, p<0.01). Conversely, Phaeocystis antarctica contributed a smaller overall proportion(31%±18%) and was more concentrated in the offshore water masses(e.g., Philip Ridge and South Scotia Ridge) with lower light levels(r=-0.58, p<0.01), deeper mixed layer depths(r=0.17, p<0.05), higher nutrient concentrations(e.g., N, P, and Si, r>0.35, p<0.01), and lower MWC(r=-0.20, p<0.01). In comparison, the total contribution from green flagellates(4%±5%), cryptophyta(1%±3%), dinoflagellates(1%±4%), and cyanobacteria(1% ± 5%) was only 6%. In offshore regions with well-mixed water, less varied taxonomic composition and lower crops with a higher proportion of nanophytoplankton were observed. In contrast, significantly decreasing crops below the mixed layer depth was observed in water columns with strong stratification, where the dominant phytoplankter changed from diatoms to P. antarctica. These findings have important implications for better understanding the future dynamics of marine ecosystems in the sea area adjacent to the Antarctic Peninsula.展开更多
文摘Researchers and clinicians have long been interested in the mechanisms of pain,anesthesia,and addiction.The International Association for the Study of Pain(IASP)defines pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with,or resembling that associated with,actual or potential tissue damage(Raja et al.,2020).Drug addiction refers to a condition of reliance that develops from regular drug consumption,which may lead to withdrawal symptoms when use is halted.Anesthesia involves the complete loss of consciousness induced by an inhaled or intravenous anesthetic(Tosello et al.,2022).In this special collection,Zoological Research presents research findings focused on pain,addiction,and anesthesia.
基金supported by Shanghai Shuguang Plan Project,No. 18SG15Shanghai Outstanding Young Scholars Project+1 种基金Shanghai Talent Development Project,No. 2019044Clinical Research Plan of SHDC,No. SHDC 2020CR2027B (all to SC)。
文摘Anti-IgLON5 disease is a recently defined autoimmune disorder of the nervous system associated with autoantibodies against IgLON5. Given its broad clinical spectrum and extremely complex pathogenesis, as well as difficulties in its early diagnosis and treatment, anti-IgLON5 disease has become the subject of considerable research attention in the field of neuroimmunology. Anti-IgLON5 disease has characteristics of both autoimmunity and neurodegeneration due to the unique activity of the antiIgLON5 antibody. Neuropathologic examination revealed the presence of a tauopathy preferentially affecting the hypothalamus and brainstem tegmentum, potentially broadening our understanding of tauopathies. In contrast to that seen with other autoimmune encephalitis-related antibodies, basic studies have demonstrated that IgLON5 antibody-induced neuronal damage and degeneration are irreversible, indicative of a potential link between autoimmunity and neurodegeneration in antiIgLON5 disease. Herein, we comprehensively review and discuss basic and clinical studies relating to anti-IgLON5 disease to better understand this complicated disorder.
基金The Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography under contract Nos JG2011 and JG1516the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41606090the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China under contract No.2015CB755904.
文摘Sediment collapse and subsequent lateral downslope migration play important roles in shaping the habitats and regulating sedimentary organic carbon(SOC)cycling in hadal trenches.In this study,three sediment cores were collected using a human-occupied vehicle across the axis of the southern Yap Trench(SYT).The total organic carbon(TOC)and total nitrogen(TN)contents,δ13C,radiocarbon ages,specific surface areas,and grain size compositions of sediments from three cores were measured.We explored the influence of the lateral downslope transport on the dispersal of the sediments and established a tentative box model for the SOC balance.In the SYT,the surface TOC content decreased with water depth and was decoupled by the funneling effect of the V-shaped hadal trench.However,the sedimentation(0.0025 cm/a)and SOC accumulation rates(∼0.038 g/(m^(2)·a)(in terms of OC))were approximately 50%higher in the deeper hadal region than in the abyssal region(0.0016 cm/a and∼0.026 g/(m^(2)·a)(in terms of OC),respectively),indicating the occurrence of lateral downslope transport.The fluctuating variations in the prokaryotic abundances and the SOC accumulation rate suggest the periodic input of surficial sediments from the shallow region.The similar average TOC(0.31%–0.38%),TN(0.06%–0.07%)contents,and SOC compositions(terrestrial OC(11%–18%),marine phytoplanktonic OC(45%–53%),and microbial OC(32%–44%))of the three sites indicate that the lateral downslope transport has a significant mixing effect on the SOC composition.The output fluxes of the laterally transported SOC(0.44–0.56 g/(m^(2)·a)(in terms of OC))contributed approximately(47%–73%)of the total SOC input,and this proportion increased with water depth.The results of this study demonstrate the importance of lateral downslope transport in the spatial distribution and development of biomes.
基金the Science and Technology Department of Henan Province of China(Grant No.222102240060 and 222300420541)the Education Department of Henan Province of China(Grant No.22B430023)supported by the Program for Innovative Research Team(in Science and Technology)in University of Henan Province(Grant No.23IRTSTHN009)。
文摘Lithium-metal anodes(LMAs)have been recognized as the ultimate anodes for next-generation batteries with high energy density,but stringent assembly-environment conditions derived from the poor moisture stability dramatically hinder the transformation of LMAs from laboratory to industry.Herein,an in situ formed cross-linked polymer layer on LMAs is designed and constructed by a facile thiol-acrylate click chemistry reaction between poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate(PEGDA)and the crosslinker containing multi thiol groups under UV irradiation.Owing to the hydrophobic nature of the layer,the treated LMAs demonstrate remarkable humid stability for more than 3 h in ambient air(70%relative humidity).The coating humid-resistant protective layer also possesses a dual-functional characterization as solid polymer electrolytes by introducing lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide in the system in advance.The intimate contact between the polymer layer and LMAs reduces interfacial resistance in the assembled Li/LiFePO_(4)or Li/LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)full cell effectively,and endows the cell with an outstanding cycle performance.
文摘INTRODUCTION Addiction is a major global risk factor for disability and premature death'and has become a public health and social problem worldwide.Despite substantial investments from governments and research institutionsglobally,current addictionmedicine research remains centred in Western countries.However,theories,models and results from western-centric research may not be applicable to different cultures.Non-Western countries such as China and Iran,and Western countries are committed to establishing addiction prevention and treatment tailored to their unique histories and cultures.To foster a global addiction science,it is important to increase the diversity of evidence without preconceived biases.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,No.2009CDB130Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (HUST),No.M2009049
文摘Propofol preconditioning has been shown to provide neuroprotection against spinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this study, spinal cord ischemia/repeffusion injury was induced by blocking the abdominal aorta in rabbits for 40 minutes. Results showed that the co-application of propofol preconditioning and postconditioning regimen ameliorated pathological injury of the ischemic spinal cord and suppressed the elevation of malondialdehyde levels and increased superoxide dismutase activities in the spinal cord tissues. Co-application of propofol preconditioning and postconditioning resulted in potent protective effects against spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury and prolonged the spinal cord＇s tolerance to ischemia. This protection was associated with the anti-lipid peroxidation capacity of the spinal cord tissues.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China,No.2013CFB086the Basic Research Funds of the Huazhong University of Science & Technology of China,No.2016YXZDO24the Scientific Research Project of the Health and Family Planning Commission of Hubei Province of China,No.WJ2015MB023
文摘Propofol has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects on the injured spinal cord.However,the effect of propofol on the blood-spinal cord barrier（BSCB） after ischemia/reperfusion injury（IRI） is poorly understood.Therefore,we investigated whether propofol could maintain the integrity of the BSCB.Spinal cord IRI（SCIRI） was induced in rabbits by infrarenal aortic occlusion for 30 minutes.Propofol,30 mg/kg,was intravenously infused 10 minutes before aortic clamping as well as at the onset of reperfusion.Then,48 hours later,we performed histological and m RNA/protein analyses of the spinal cord.Propofol decreased histological damage to the spinal cord,attenuated the reduction in BSCB permeability,downregulated the m RNA and protein expression levels of matrix metalloprotease-9（MMP-9） and nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB）,and upregulated the protein expression levels of occludin and claudin-5.Our findings suggest that propofol helps maintain BSCB integrity after SCIRI by reducing MMP-9 expression,by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway,and by maintaining expression of tight junction proteins.
基金The program of Impact and Response of Antarctic Seas to Climate Change under contract No. IRASCC2020-2022(01-01-02 and 02-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41976228, 41976227 and 41506223the Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography under contract Nos JG1805, JG2011 and JG2013。
文摘The ecosystem of the sea region adjacent to the Antarctic Peninsula is undergoing remarkable physical and biological changes, in the context of global warming. However, understanding of the dynamics of phytoplankton taxonomic composition in this marginal ice zone remains unclear. In this study, seawater samples collected from 36 stations in the northeastern Antarctic Peninsula were analyzed for nutrients and phytoplankton pigments.Combining with CHEMTAX analysis, remote sensing data, and physicochemical measurements, we investigated the relationships between phytoplankton crops, taxonomic composition, and marine environmental drivers.Integrated chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentrations(200 m) varied from 8.9 mg/m^(2)to 64.2 mg/m^(2), with an average of(23.2±12.0) mg/m^(2)and higher phytoplankton biomass concentrated in the coastal region of South Orkney Island and South Shetland Island. Diatoms were the dominant functional group(63%±21%). Higher proportions of diatoms were associated with higher Chl a(r=0.40, p<0.01), stable water columns(r=0.20, p<0.01), higher Si/P ratios(r=0.34, p<0.01), higher photosynthetically active radiation intensity(r=0.64, p<0.01), and higher sea ice melt water contributions(MWC, r=0.20, p<0.01). Conversely, Phaeocystis antarctica contributed a smaller overall proportion(31%±18%) and was more concentrated in the offshore water masses(e.g., Philip Ridge and South Scotia Ridge) with lower light levels(r=-0.58, p<0.01), deeper mixed layer depths(r=0.17, p<0.05), higher nutrient concentrations(e.g., N, P, and Si, r>0.35, p<0.01), and lower MWC(r=-0.20, p<0.01). In comparison, the total contribution from green flagellates(4%±5%), cryptophyta(1%±3%), dinoflagellates(1%±4%), and cyanobacteria(1% ± 5%) was only 6%. In offshore regions with well-mixed water, less varied taxonomic composition and lower crops with a higher proportion of nanophytoplankton were observed. In contrast, significantly decreasing crops below the mixed layer depth was observed in water columns with strong stratification, where the dominant phytoplankter changed from diatoms to P. antarctica. These findings have important implications for better understanding the future dynamics of marine ecosystems in the sea area adjacent to the Antarctic Peninsula.
