Metalenses with achromatic performance offer a new opportunity for high-quality imaging with an ultracompact configuration;however,they suffer from complex fabrication processes and low focusing efficiency.In this stu...Metalenses with achromatic performance offer a new opportunity for high-quality imaging with an ultracompact configuration;however,they suffer from complex fabrication processes and low focusing efficiency.In this study,we propose an efficient design method for achromatic microlenses on a wavelength scale using materials with low dispersion,an adequately designed convex surface,and a thickness profile distribution.By taking into account the absolute chromatic aberration,relative focal length shift(FLS),and numerical aperture(NA),microlens with a certain focal length can be realized through our realized map of geometric features.Accordingly,the designed achromatic microlenses with low-dispersion fused silica were fabricated using a focused ion beam,and precise surface profiles were obtained.The fabricated microlenses exhibited a high average focusing efficiency of 65%at visible wavelengths of 410-680 nm and excellent achromatic capability via white light imaging.Moreover,the design exhibited the advantages of being polarization-insensitive and near-diffraction-limited.These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed achromatic microlens design approach,which expands the prospects of miniaturized optics such as virtual and augmented reality,ultracompact microscopes,and biological endoscopy.展开更多
Highly thermally conductive graphitic film(GF)materials have become a competitive solution for the thermal management of high-power electronic devices.However,their catastrophic structural failure under extreme altern...Highly thermally conductive graphitic film(GF)materials have become a competitive solution for the thermal management of high-power electronic devices.However,their catastrophic structural failure under extreme alternating thermal/cold shock poses a significant challenge to reliability and safety.Here,we present the first investigation into the structural failure mechanism of GF during cyclic liquid nitrogen shocks(LNS),which reveals a bubbling process characterized by“permeation-diffusion-deformation”phenomenon.To overcome this long-standing structural weakness,a novel metal-nanoarmor strategy is proposed to construct a Cu-modified graphitic film(GF@Cu)with seamless heterointerface.This well-designed interface ensures superior structural stability for GF@Cu after hundreds of LNS cycles from 77 to 300 K.Moreover,GF@Cu maintains high thermal conductivity up to 1088 W m^(−1)K^(−1)with degradation of less than 5%even after 150 LNS cycles,superior to that of pure GF(50%degradation).Our work not only offers an opportunity to improve the robustness of graphitic films by the rational structural design but also facilitates the applications of thermally conductive carbon-based materials for future extreme thermal management in complex aerospace electronics.展开更多
Blasting in surface mines aims to fragment rock masses to a proper size.However,flyrock is an undesirable effect of blasting that can result in human injuries.In this study,support vector regression(SVR)is combined wi...Blasting in surface mines aims to fragment rock masses to a proper size.However,flyrock is an undesirable effect of blasting that can result in human injuries.In this study,support vector regression(SVR)is combined with four algorithms:gravitational search algorithm(GSA),biogeography-based optimization(BBO),ant colony optimization(ACO),and whale optimization algorithm(WOA)for predicting flyrock in two surface mines in Iran.Additionally,three other methods,including artificial neural network(ANN),kernel extreme learning machine(KELM),and general regression neural network(GRNN),are employed,and their performances are compared to those of four hybrid SVR models.After modeling,the measured and predicted flyrock values are validated with some performance indices,such as root mean squared error(RMSE).The results revealed that the SVR-WOA model has the most optimal accuracy,with an RMSE of 7.218,while the RMSEs of the KELM,GRNN,SVR-GSA,ANN,SVR-BBO,and SVR-ACO models are 10.668,10.867,15.305,15.661,16.239,and 18.228,respectively.Therefore,combining WOA and SVR can be a valuable tool for accurately predicting flyrock distance in surface mines.展开更多
Achieving efficient and intense second-harmonic generation(SHG)in the terahertz(THz)spectrum holds great potential for a wide range of technical applications,including THz nonlinear functional devices,wireless communi...Achieving efficient and intense second-harmonic generation(SHG)in the terahertz(THz)spectrum holds great potential for a wide range of technical applications,including THz nonlinear functional devices,wireless communications,and data processing and storage.However,the current research on THz harmonic emission primarily focuses on inorganic materials,which often offers challenges in achieving both efficient and broadband SHG.Herein,the remarkable efficiency of organic materials in producing THz harmonics is studied and demonstrated,thereby opening up a new avenue for searching candidates for frequency-doubling devices in the THz band.By utilizing DAST,DSTMS,and OH1 crystals,we showcase their superior frequency conversion capabilities when pumped by the narrowband THz pulses centered at 2.4,1.6,and 0.8 THz.The SHG spans a high-frequency THz domain of 4.8 THz,achieving an unprecedented conversion efficiency of∼1.21%while maintaining a perturbative nonlinear response.The highly efficient SHG of these materials is theoretically analyzed by considering the combined effects of dispersion,phonon absorption,polarization,and the nonlinear susceptibility of organic crystals.This work presents a promising platform for efficient THz frequency conversion and generation across a wide range of frequencies,offering new opportunities for novel nonlinear THz applications in next-generation electronics and optics.展开更多
Aerial imagery is regularly used by crop researchers,growers and farmers to monitor crops during the growing season.To extract meaningful information from large-scale aerial images collected from the field,high-throug...Aerial imagery is regularly used by crop researchers,growers and farmers to monitor crops during the growing season.To extract meaningful information from large-scale aerial images collected from the field,high-throughput phenotypic analysis solutions are required,which not only produce high-quality measures of key crop traits,but also support professionals to make prompt and reliable crop management decisions.Here,we report AirSurf,an automated and open-source analytic platform that combines modern computer vision,up-to-date machine learning,and modular software engineering in order to measure yield-related phenotypes from ultra-large aerial imagery.To quantify millions of in-field lettuces acquired by fixed-wing light aircrafts equipped with normalised difference vegetation index(NDVI)sensors,we customised AirSurf by combining computer vision algorithms and a deep-learning classifier trained with over 100,000 labelled lettuce signals.The tailored platform,AirSurf-Lettuce,is capable of scoring and categorising iceberg lettuces with high accuracy(>98%).Furthermore,novel analysis functions have been developed to map lettuce size distribution across the field,based on which associated global positioning system(GPS)tagged harvest regions have been identified to enable growers and farmers to conduct precision agricultural practises in order to improve the actual yield as well as crop marketability before the harvest.展开更多
As a new frontier in materials science,metamaterials have experienced a boom in the past two decades.This research field began with artificially structured materials exhibiting extraordinary electromagnetic properties...As a new frontier in materials science,metamaterials have experienced a boom in the past two decades.This research field began with artificially structured materials exhibiting extraordinary electromagnetic properties unavailable in nature;now,it extends to a large family of artificial-material systems with wide-ranging,extraordinary,and outstanding properties for applications in fields such as electromagnetics,optics,mechanics.展开更多
Coal plays a crucial role in global economic development and remains the most common and widely distributed fossil fuel worldwide.As the world's largest developing country,China's mining and utilization of coa...Coal plays a crucial role in global economic development and remains the most common and widely distributed fossil fuel worldwide.As the world's largest developing country,China's mining and utilization of coal resources have contributed signifcantly to the country’s rapid economic growth.Inner Mongolia is an ecologically fragile arid and semi-arid area of China.The exploitation of opencast mining has seriously hindered the sustainable use of regional land and the residents'well-being.Using ENVI-based remote sensing images from 2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2020,this study employed a random forest algorithm to divide land utilization types into construction land,vegetation,cultivated land,bare land,and water areas and analyzed the characteristics of land use and ecosystem service value changes over the past 20 years.The results were as follows:(1)Construction land in the mining area changed minimally from 2000 to 2020;vegetation and water bodies showed a decreasing trend,whereas bare and cultivated lands showed an increasing trend.Bare land exhibited the largest change in area proportion and water bodies the smallest.(2)The total ecosystem service value of the mining area declined from 10.939 to 9.527 billion Yuan.Vegetation ecosystem service value was the highest,followed by cultivated land and water,with the bare land ecosystem service value the lowest.(3)On a spatial scale,the total ecosystem service value of the Shengli mining area decreased year by year,indicating that land use changes in the mining area do have an impact on ecosystem service value.展开更多
Ionic liquids have received wide attention due to their novel optoelectronic structures and devices as an optical means of regulating electricity.However,the quantitative testing and analysis of refractive index of io...Ionic liquids have received wide attention due to their novel optoelectronic structures and devices as an optical means of regulating electricity.However,the quantitative testing and analysis of refractive index of ionic liquids under electric field are rarely carried out.In the present study,an experimental apparatus including a hollow prism is designed to measure the refractive indices of ionic liquids under different electric fields.Five groups of imidazole ionic liquids are experimentally investigated and an inversion is performed to determine the refractive indices under electric fields.The error propagation analysis of the apex angle and the minimum deflection angle are conducted,and the machining accuracy requirements of the hollow prism are determined.The results show that the refractive indices of imidazole ionic liquids change with the light wavelength,following a downward convex parabola.Furthermore,the refractive index decreases with the carbon chain length of ionic liquid at a given wavelength,presenting an order of C3MImI>C4MImI>C5MImI>C3MImBr>C3MImBF4.Notably,the refractive index of imidazole ionic liquid exhibits a nonlinear change with the applied voltage at 546 nm and a monotonical decrease at 1529 nm.Besides,the variation of refractive index at 1529 nm with the applied voltage is larger than that at 546 nm and 1013 nm.Importantly,the variation of refractive index is contrary to that of absorption coefficient under electric field.This study illustrates that the theory of electrode and carrier transport can be used to explain the law of variation of n–k value of ionic liquid under the electric field,and provides the support for the evaluation of physical properties of ionic liquids,the measurement of optical functional parameters and the regulation of electric–optic performances of optical devices.展开更多
Ionic liquids have attracted a lot of research attention for their applications in novel optoelectronic structures and devices as an optical means of regulating electricity. Although the electro-optic effect of ionic ...Ionic liquids have attracted a lot of research attention for their applications in novel optoelectronic structures and devices as an optical means of regulating electricity. Although the electro-optic effect of ionic liquids is mentioned in some literature, quantitative testing and analysis are hardly found in light absorption coefficients of ionic liquids under an electric field. In the present study, an experimental apparatus is designed to measure the absorption coefficients of ionic liquids under different electric fields. Five groups of imidazole ionic liquids are experimentally investigated and an inversion is performed to determine the spectral absorption coefficients of the imidazole ionic liquids under the electric fields. Different intensities with multiple interface refractions and reflections are also considered, and the various measurement errors are analyzed through uncertainties propagation analysis. Spectral absorptions of ionic liquids from 300 nm to 2500 nm are obtained and the absorption coefficients are retrieved. It is found that the absorption behavior of ionic liquids changes in some frequency bands under an applied electric field. The experimental results show that the absorption coefficient of the ionic liquid increases with the voltage increasing at 1520 nm and 1920 nm. The change rate is affected by the types of anions and cations in the ionic liquid and the diffusion rate of the ions therein. This study provides illustrations for the ionic liquid-based electro-optical regulation in terms of physical property parameters and the testing technique.展开更多
We proposed a hybrid transmission system consist of 1Tbit/s Nyquist WDM channels,100Gbit/s PDM-QPSK WDM channels and 10Gbit/s NRZ WDM channels to study whether Terabit Nyquist WDM signal could transmit in the existing...We proposed a hybrid transmission system consist of 1Tbit/s Nyquist WDM channels,100Gbit/s PDM-QPSK WDM channels and 10Gbit/s NRZ WDM channels to study whether Terabit Nyquist WDM signal could transmit in the existing hybrid systems with DCM(dispersion compensation module). The simulation results demonstrated the influence of all these three kinds of signals. The 1Tbit/s Nyquist WDM channels introduced 1.5d B Q penalty to the 100Gbit/s PDM-QPSK signals and their influence on the 10Gbit/s NRZ signals was extremely slight. In the hybrid optical system,1Tbit/s Nyquist channel has 5d B Q penalty due to the inline DCM and 2.5d B Q penalty due to the channel interference from existing channels. Therefore,the total Q penalty is 7.5d B caused by strong nonlinear effects at the launch power of 0d Bm. The results have the guiding significance for the design of future backbone system and also support the feasibility of future dynamic optical system.展开更多
Stem/progenitor cells are important for salivary gland development, homeostasis maintenance, and regeneration following injury.Keratin-14^(+)(K14^(+)) cells have been recognized as bona fide salivary gland stem/progen...Stem/progenitor cells are important for salivary gland development, homeostasis maintenance, and regeneration following injury.Keratin-14^(+)(K14^(+)) cells have been recognized as bona fide salivary gland stem/progenitor cells. However, K14 is also expressed in terminally differentiated myoepithelial cells;therefore, more accurate molecular markers for identifying salivary stem/progenitor cells are required. The intraflagellar transport(IFT) protein IFT140 is a core component of the IFT system that functions in signaling transduction through the primary cilia. It is reportedly expressed in mesenchymal stem cells and plays a role in bone formation. In this study, we demonstrated that IFT140 was intensively expressed in K14^(+)stem/progenitor cells during the developmental period and early regeneration stage following ligation-induced injuries in murine submandibular glands. In addition, we demonstrated that IFT140^(+)/K14^(+)could self-renew and differentiate into granular duct cells at the developmental stage in vivo. The conditional deletion of Ift140 from K14^(+)cells caused abnormal epithelial structure and function during salivary gland development and inhibited regeneration. IFT140 partly coordinated the function of K14^(+)stem/progenitor cells by modulating ciliary membrane trafficking. Our investigation identified a combined marker, IFT140^(+)/K14^(+), for salivary gland stem/progenitor cells and elucidated the essential role of IFT140 and cilia in regulating salivary stem/progenitor cell differentiation and gland regeneration.展开更多
Objective Nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma of Waldeyer＇s ring （WR-NK/TL） has different clinico- pathological characteristics from those of other subtypes of NK/T lymphoma; thus, the optimal treatment remai...Objective Nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma of Waldeyer＇s ring （WR-NK/TL） has different clinico- pathological characteristics from those of other subtypes of NK/T lymphoma; thus, the optimal treatment remains unclear. To find a more effective treatment model for WR-NK/TL, we conducted a single-center study of concurrent radiochemotherapy. Methods Forty-five patients with newly diagnosed stage IE to liE WR-NKTL were randomly divided into two groups. The 23 cases in the concurrent radiochemotherapy group were treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy （48-52 Gy） and 2 courses of DICE （dexamethasone, ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide） synchronous chemotherapy. The 22 cases in the radiotherapy group only received three-dimen- sional conformal radiotherapy （50-54 Gy）. The primary end points were overall survival （OS）, progression- free survival （PFS）, and toxicity. Results The 1-, 3-, and 4-year OS and PFS rates were 95.5%, 65.6%, and 45.9%, and 86.4%, 56.0%, and 46.7% in the radiotherapy group, and 100%, 88.5%, and 88.5%, and 100%, 82.0%, and 73.8% in the concurrent radiochemotherapy group, respectively. The OS （P = 0.0477） and PFS rates （P = 0.0488） were higher in the concurrent radiochemotherapy group than in the radiotherapy group. The overall re- sponse rate was 100% in both the radiotherapy group [complete response （CR）, 18 cases] and concurrent radiochemotherapy group （CR, 22 cases）. The concurrent radiochemotherapy group had more severe side effects, especially grade 3 ＋ 4 events, such as leukopenia, anorexia, and stomatitis. However, side effects benefiting from excellent oral care were endurable. Conclusion Radiotherapy plus concurrent DICE chemotherapy may be an effective and safe compre- hensive treatment for patients with WR-NKTL.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3806000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52325208 and 11974203)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(Z191100004819002).
文摘Metalenses with achromatic performance offer a new opportunity for high-quality imaging with an ultracompact configuration;however,they suffer from complex fabrication processes and low focusing efficiency.In this study,we propose an efficient design method for achromatic microlenses on a wavelength scale using materials with low dispersion,an adequately designed convex surface,and a thickness profile distribution.By taking into account the absolute chromatic aberration,relative focal length shift(FLS),and numerical aperture(NA),microlens with a certain focal length can be realized through our realized map of geometric features.Accordingly,the designed achromatic microlenses with low-dispersion fused silica were fabricated using a focused ion beam,and precise surface profiles were obtained.The fabricated microlenses exhibited a high average focusing efficiency of 65%at visible wavelengths of 410-680 nm and excellent achromatic capability via white light imaging.Moreover,the design exhibited the advantages of being polarization-insensitive and near-diffraction-limited.These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed achromatic microlens design approach,which expands the prospects of miniaturized optics such as virtual and augmented reality,ultracompact microscopes,and biological endoscopy.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272046,52090030,52090031,52122301,51973191)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LR23E020003)+4 种基金Shanxi-Zheda Institute of New Materials and Chemical Engineering(2021SZ-FR004,2022SZ-TD011,2022SZ-TD012,2022SZ-TD014)Hundred Talents Program of Zhejiang University(188020*194231701/113,112300+1944223R3/003,112300+1944223R3/004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.226-2023-00023,226-2023-00082,2021FZZX001-17,K20200060)National Key R&D Program of China(NO.2022YFA1205300,NO.2022YFA1205301,NO.2020YFF0204400,NO.2022YFF0609801)“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang 2023C01190.
文摘Highly thermally conductive graphitic film(GF)materials have become a competitive solution for the thermal management of high-power electronic devices.However,their catastrophic structural failure under extreme alternating thermal/cold shock poses a significant challenge to reliability and safety.Here,we present the first investigation into the structural failure mechanism of GF during cyclic liquid nitrogen shocks(LNS),which reveals a bubbling process characterized by“permeation-diffusion-deformation”phenomenon.To overcome this long-standing structural weakness,a novel metal-nanoarmor strategy is proposed to construct a Cu-modified graphitic film(GF@Cu)with seamless heterointerface.This well-designed interface ensures superior structural stability for GF@Cu after hundreds of LNS cycles from 77 to 300 K.Moreover,GF@Cu maintains high thermal conductivity up to 1088 W m^(−1)K^(−1)with degradation of less than 5%even after 150 LNS cycles,superior to that of pure GF(50%degradation).Our work not only offers an opportunity to improve the robustness of graphitic films by the rational structural design but also facilitates the applications of thermally conductive carbon-based materials for future extreme thermal management in complex aerospace electronics.
文摘Blasting in surface mines aims to fragment rock masses to a proper size.However,flyrock is an undesirable effect of blasting that can result in human injuries.In this study,support vector regression(SVR)is combined with four algorithms:gravitational search algorithm(GSA),biogeography-based optimization(BBO),ant colony optimization(ACO),and whale optimization algorithm(WOA)for predicting flyrock in two surface mines in Iran.Additionally,three other methods,including artificial neural network(ANN),kernel extreme learning machine(KELM),and general regression neural network(GRNN),are employed,and their performances are compared to those of four hybrid SVR models.After modeling,the measured and predicted flyrock values are validated with some performance indices,such as root mean squared error(RMSE).The results revealed that the SVR-WOA model has the most optimal accuracy,with an RMSE of 7.218,while the RMSEs of the KELM,GRNN,SVR-GSA,ANN,SVR-BBO,and SVR-ACO models are 10.668,10.867,15.305,15.661,16.239,and 18.228,respectively.Therefore,combining WOA and SVR can be a valuable tool for accurately predicting flyrock distance in surface mines.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3806000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61935001,62205020,62205294,52332006,92163129,and U2241226)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grants Nos.2022M710372 and 2022M710130)the Zhejiang Science and Technology Association young talent lifting projectthe Beijing Science and Technology Association young talent lifting project.
文摘Achieving efficient and intense second-harmonic generation(SHG)in the terahertz(THz)spectrum holds great potential for a wide range of technical applications,including THz nonlinear functional devices,wireless communications,and data processing and storage.However,the current research on THz harmonic emission primarily focuses on inorganic materials,which often offers challenges in achieving both efficient and broadband SHG.Herein,the remarkable efficiency of organic materials in producing THz harmonics is studied and demonstrated,thereby opening up a new avenue for searching candidates for frequency-doubling devices in the THz band.By utilizing DAST,DSTMS,and OH1 crystals,we showcase their superior frequency conversion capabilities when pumped by the narrowband THz pulses centered at 2.4,1.6,and 0.8 THz.The SHG spans a high-frequency THz domain of 4.8 THz,achieving an unprecedented conversion efficiency of∼1.21%while maintaining a perturbative nonlinear response.The highly efficient SHG of these materials is theoretically analyzed by considering the combined effects of dispersion,phonon absorption,polarization,and the nonlinear susceptibility of organic crystals.This work presents a promising platform for efficient THz frequency conversion and generation across a wide range of frequencies,offering new opportunities for novel nonlinear THz applications in next-generation electronics and optics.
基金the support of NVIDIA Corporation with the award of the Quadro GPU used for this research.J.Z.was partially funded by UKRI Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council’s(BBSRC)Designing Future Wheat Cross-institute Strategic Programme(BB/P016855/1)to Graham Moore,BBS/E/T/000PR9785 to J.Z.J.B.were partially supported by the Core Strategic Programme Grant(BB/CSP17270/1)at the Earlham Institute+1 种基金A.G.B.and C.A.were also partially supported by G’s Growers’s industrial fund awarded to J.Z.A.B.was partially supported by the Newton UK-China Agri-Tech Network+Grant(GP131JZ1G)awarded to J.Z.
文摘Aerial imagery is regularly used by crop researchers,growers and farmers to monitor crops during the growing season.To extract meaningful information from large-scale aerial images collected from the field,high-throughput phenotypic analysis solutions are required,which not only produce high-quality measures of key crop traits,but also support professionals to make prompt and reliable crop management decisions.Here,we report AirSurf,an automated and open-source analytic platform that combines modern computer vision,up-to-date machine learning,and modular software engineering in order to measure yield-related phenotypes from ultra-large aerial imagery.To quantify millions of in-field lettuces acquired by fixed-wing light aircrafts equipped with normalised difference vegetation index(NDVI)sensors,we customised AirSurf by combining computer vision algorithms and a deep-learning classifier trained with over 100,000 labelled lettuce signals.The tailored platform,AirSurf-Lettuce,is capable of scoring and categorising iceberg lettuces with high accuracy(>98%).Furthermore,novel analysis functions have been developed to map lettuce size distribution across the field,based on which associated global positioning system(GPS)tagged harvest regions have been identified to enable growers and farmers to conduct precision agricultural practises in order to improve the actual yield as well as crop marketability before the harvest.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51772133)the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province,China(ZR2017JL022)+1 种基金the Project of“20 Items of University”of Jinan,China(No.2018GXRC001)Case-by-Case Project for Top Outstanding Talents of Jinan,China。
文摘As a new frontier in materials science,metamaterials have experienced a boom in the past two decades.This research field began with artificially structured materials exhibiting extraordinary electromagnetic properties unavailable in nature;now,it extends to a large family of artificial-material systems with wide-ranging,extraordinary,and outstanding properties for applications in fields such as electromagnetics,optics,mechanics.
文摘Coal plays a crucial role in global economic development and remains the most common and widely distributed fossil fuel worldwide.As the world's largest developing country,China's mining and utilization of coal resources have contributed signifcantly to the country’s rapid economic growth.Inner Mongolia is an ecologically fragile arid and semi-arid area of China.The exploitation of opencast mining has seriously hindered the sustainable use of regional land and the residents'well-being.Using ENVI-based remote sensing images from 2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2020,this study employed a random forest algorithm to divide land utilization types into construction land,vegetation,cultivated land,bare land,and water areas and analyzed the characteristics of land use and ecosystem service value changes over the past 20 years.The results were as follows:(1)Construction land in the mining area changed minimally from 2000 to 2020;vegetation and water bodies showed a decreasing trend,whereas bare and cultivated lands showed an increasing trend.Bare land exhibited the largest change in area proportion and water bodies the smallest.(2)The total ecosystem service value of the mining area declined from 10.939 to 9.527 billion Yuan.Vegetation ecosystem service value was the highest,followed by cultivated land and water,with the bare land ecosystem service value the lowest.(3)On a spatial scale,the total ecosystem service value of the Shengli mining area decreased year by year,indicating that land use changes in the mining area do have an impact on ecosystem service value.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51576054 and 51705210)the Jiangsu Provincial Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds,China(Grant No.2019K195)。
文摘Ionic liquids have received wide attention due to their novel optoelectronic structures and devices as an optical means of regulating electricity.However,the quantitative testing and analysis of refractive index of ionic liquids under electric field are rarely carried out.In the present study,an experimental apparatus including a hollow prism is designed to measure the refractive indices of ionic liquids under different electric fields.Five groups of imidazole ionic liquids are experimentally investigated and an inversion is performed to determine the refractive indices under electric fields.The error propagation analysis of the apex angle and the minimum deflection angle are conducted,and the machining accuracy requirements of the hollow prism are determined.The results show that the refractive indices of imidazole ionic liquids change with the light wavelength,following a downward convex parabola.Furthermore,the refractive index decreases with the carbon chain length of ionic liquid at a given wavelength,presenting an order of C3MImI>C4MImI>C5MImI>C3MImBr>C3MImBF4.Notably,the refractive index of imidazole ionic liquid exhibits a nonlinear change with the applied voltage at 546 nm and a monotonical decrease at 1529 nm.Besides,the variation of refractive index at 1529 nm with the applied voltage is larger than that at 546 nm and 1013 nm.Importantly,the variation of refractive index is contrary to that of absorption coefficient under electric field.This study illustrates that the theory of electrode and carrier transport can be used to explain the law of variation of n–k value of ionic liquid under the electric field,and provides the support for the evaluation of physical properties of ionic liquids,the measurement of optical functional parameters and the regulation of electric–optic performances of optical devices.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51576054 and 51705210)
文摘Ionic liquids have attracted a lot of research attention for their applications in novel optoelectronic structures and devices as an optical means of regulating electricity. Although the electro-optic effect of ionic liquids is mentioned in some literature, quantitative testing and analysis are hardly found in light absorption coefficients of ionic liquids under an electric field. In the present study, an experimental apparatus is designed to measure the absorption coefficients of ionic liquids under different electric fields. Five groups of imidazole ionic liquids are experimentally investigated and an inversion is performed to determine the spectral absorption coefficients of the imidazole ionic liquids under the electric fields. Different intensities with multiple interface refractions and reflections are also considered, and the various measurement errors are analyzed through uncertainties propagation analysis. Spectral absorptions of ionic liquids from 300 nm to 2500 nm are obtained and the absorption coefficients are retrieved. It is found that the absorption behavior of ionic liquids changes in some frequency bands under an applied electric field. The experimental results show that the absorption coefficient of the ionic liquid increases with the voltage increasing at 1520 nm and 1920 nm. The change rate is affected by the types of anions and cations in the ionic liquid and the diffusion rate of the ions therein. This study provides illustrations for the ionic liquid-based electro-optical regulation in terms of physical property parameters and the testing technique.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (61271192,61427813,61331010)National 863 Program of China (2013AA013401)
文摘We proposed a hybrid transmission system consist of 1Tbit/s Nyquist WDM channels,100Gbit/s PDM-QPSK WDM channels and 10Gbit/s NRZ WDM channels to study whether Terabit Nyquist WDM signal could transmit in the existing hybrid systems with DCM(dispersion compensation module). The simulation results demonstrated the influence of all these three kinds of signals. The 1Tbit/s Nyquist WDM channels introduced 1.5d B Q penalty to the 100Gbit/s PDM-QPSK signals and their influence on the 10Gbit/s NRZ signals was extremely slight. In the hybrid optical system,1Tbit/s Nyquist channel has 5d B Q penalty due to the inline DCM and 2.5d B Q penalty due to the channel interference from existing channels. Therefore,the total Q penalty is 7.5d B caused by strong nonlinear effects at the launch power of 0d Bm. The results have the guiding significance for the design of future backbone system and also support the feasibility of future dynamic optical system.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82101035,81822012,82061130222,81771043,92049201)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality(No.21ZR1469100)+1 种基金Shanghai Academic Leader of Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(20XD1424000)the Shanghai Experimental Animal Research Project of Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(8191101676,201409006400)。
文摘Stem/progenitor cells are important for salivary gland development, homeostasis maintenance, and regeneration following injury.Keratin-14^(+)(K14^(+)) cells have been recognized as bona fide salivary gland stem/progenitor cells. However, K14 is also expressed in terminally differentiated myoepithelial cells;therefore, more accurate molecular markers for identifying salivary stem/progenitor cells are required. The intraflagellar transport(IFT) protein IFT140 is a core component of the IFT system that functions in signaling transduction through the primary cilia. It is reportedly expressed in mesenchymal stem cells and plays a role in bone formation. In this study, we demonstrated that IFT140 was intensively expressed in K14^(+)stem/progenitor cells during the developmental period and early regeneration stage following ligation-induced injuries in murine submandibular glands. In addition, we demonstrated that IFT140^(+)/K14^(+)could self-renew and differentiate into granular duct cells at the developmental stage in vivo. The conditional deletion of Ift140 from K14^(+)cells caused abnormal epithelial structure and function during salivary gland development and inhibited regeneration. IFT140 partly coordinated the function of K14^(+)stem/progenitor cells by modulating ciliary membrane trafficking. Our investigation identified a combined marker, IFT140^(+)/K14^(+), for salivary gland stem/progenitor cells and elucidated the essential role of IFT140 and cilia in regulating salivary stem/progenitor cell differentiation and gland regeneration.
基金Supported by grants from the Health Department Foundation of Sichuan Province,China(No.090156)the Science and Technology Bureau Foundation of Nanchong City from China(No.2060402)
文摘Objective Nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma of Waldeyer＇s ring （WR-NK/TL） has different clinico- pathological characteristics from those of other subtypes of NK/T lymphoma; thus, the optimal treatment remains unclear. To find a more effective treatment model for WR-NK/TL, we conducted a single-center study of concurrent radiochemotherapy. Methods Forty-five patients with newly diagnosed stage IE to liE WR-NKTL were randomly divided into two groups. The 23 cases in the concurrent radiochemotherapy group were treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy （48-52 Gy） and 2 courses of DICE （dexamethasone, ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide） synchronous chemotherapy. The 22 cases in the radiotherapy group only received three-dimen- sional conformal radiotherapy （50-54 Gy）. The primary end points were overall survival （OS）, progression- free survival （PFS）, and toxicity. Results The 1-, 3-, and 4-year OS and PFS rates were 95.5%, 65.6%, and 45.9%, and 86.4%, 56.0%, and 46.7% in the radiotherapy group, and 100%, 88.5%, and 88.5%, and 100%, 82.0%, and 73.8% in the concurrent radiochemotherapy group, respectively. The OS （P = 0.0477） and PFS rates （P = 0.0488） were higher in the concurrent radiochemotherapy group than in the radiotherapy group. The overall re- sponse rate was 100% in both the radiotherapy group [complete response （CR）, 18 cases] and concurrent radiochemotherapy group （CR, 22 cases）. The concurrent radiochemotherapy group had more severe side effects, especially grade 3 ＋ 4 events, such as leukopenia, anorexia, and stomatitis. However, side effects benefiting from excellent oral care were endurable. Conclusion Radiotherapy plus concurrent DICE chemotherapy may be an effective and safe compre- hensive treatment for patients with WR-NKTL.
