帕博利珠单抗致重度免疫相关性溃疡性结肠炎1例

1例57岁男性晚期肺鳞癌患者接受5周期帕博利珠单抗联合化疗及1周期单药帕博利珠单抗治疗后出现严重腹泻、腹痛及血便,结合肠镜及组织病理学检查结果诊断为结肠炎。考虑为帕博利珠单抗所致的重度免疫相关性溃疡性结肠炎,暂停免疫治疗,给予足量糖皮质激素治疗,2 d后患者腹痛、腹泻明显好转,15 d后腹痛、腹泻缓解。对帕博利珠单抗相关不良反应的文献进行复习,进一步分析免疫相关性肠炎的危险因素、临床特点及治疗策略,提高帕博利珠单抗临床应用的安全性。

MIMO Channel Measurement and Characterization at 6.0-6.4 GHz Under Typical Classroom Environment

An extensive 4 x 4 MIMO channel measurement is carried out at 6. 0-6. 4 GHz under a typical classroom environment with channel sounder based on vector network analyzer. Both LOS and NLOS scenarios are considered. The results on path loss, delay spread and spatial correlation are presented. The measurement shows that, for corridor coverage, 2x2 MIMO is more economical than 4x4 MIMO due to high correlation. In order to identify the unique characteristics at the high frequency band, the measured channel parameters at 6. 0-6.4 GHz are compared with those at 2. 45 GHz. The comparison shows that the shortened wavelength of this higher frequency band results in a great difference of channel characteristics. Therefore, our measurement results provide new gnidance for the design and development of the system working on 6. 0-6.4 GHz band.

Significant benefits of pembrolizumab in treating refractory advanced pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma: A case report

BACKGROUND Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma(PSC),a rare subtype of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),is poorly differentiated and highly aggressive.Treatment is limited,and the prognosis is poor.Pembrolizumab is an anti-programmed death(PD)-1 antibody with good efficacy in NSCLC.Recent studies have demonstrated that PD-ligand 1(PD-L1)overexpression is common in PSCs,which suggests that anti-PD-L1 treatment is an ideal option.However,the response to pembrolizumab in PSC has not been studied.CASE SUMMARY We present a PSC case with PD-L1 overexpression that significantly benefited from pembrolizumab.A 73-year-old Chinese male was detected with a right lung lesion.Pathological analysis of the right upper lobectomy confirmed PSC.The PDL1 test revealed overexpression(TPS:90%).Multiple metastases occurred 1 mo after surgery,representing stage IV PSC.Neither first-line chemotherapy nor second-line antiangiogenic agents showed any benefit.Radiotherapy(1200 cGy)was administered to relieve chest wall pain.The patient received the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab(100 mg)as third-line therapy;however,because of fever and severe infection,he refused to receive immunotherapy any longer.Thus,only one dose of pembrolizumab was administered.Deep sustained remission of most of the metastases was achieved except for lesions in the right adrenal gland,which first shrank and then progressed.The patient died because of disease progression in the right adrenal gland.He achieved a progression-free survival time of 8 mo and an overall survival time of 9 mo with third-line pembrolizumab.CONCLUSION Our findings highlight and offer direct evidence of the efficacy of pembrolizumab in PD-L1-overexpressing PSCs.Combined radiotherapy and immunotherapy may enhance treatment efficacy.

Eigenvalue Modeling and Cross-Correlation Analysis for 6. 0- 6. 4 GHz MIMO Channel

In Multiple-Input Multiple-Output( MIMO) system, the number of positive channel matrix eigenvalues is directly related to system performance. In order to characterize and model channel matrix eigenvalues,channel measurements at 6. 0- 6. 4GHz by using 4 × 4 MIMO structure were conducted in a typical classroom environment. Based on measured data, the eigenvalues were modeled as Log-Normal distributed random variables and parameterized. Furthermore, Cross-Correlation( CC) coefficients of eigenvalues were estimated. The measurement results show that,under both Light-Of-Sight( LOS) and NonLight-Of-Sight( NLOS) scenarios,eigenvalues are highly de-correlated so that CC can be ignored for eigenvalue model.

Techniques for Design and Implementation of an FPGA-Specific Physical Unclonable Function

Physical unclonable function （PUF） makes use of the uncontrollable process variations during the production of IC to generate a unique signature for each IC. It has a wide application in security such as FPGA intellectual property （IP） protection, key generation and digital rights management. Ring oscillator （RO） PUF and Arbiter PUF are the most popular PUFs, but they are not specially designed for FPGA. RO PUF incurs high resource overhead while obtaining less challenge-response pairs, and requires ＂hard macros＂ to implement on FPGAs. The arbiter PUF brings low resource overhead, but its structure has big bias when it is mapped on FPGAs. Anderson PUF can address these weaknesses of current Arbiter and RO PUFs implemented on FPGAs. However, it cannot be directly implemented on the new generation 28 nm FPGAs. In order to address these problems, this paper designs and implements a delay-based PUF that uses two LUTs in an SLICEM to implement two 16-bit shift registers of the PUF, 2-to-1 multiplexers in the carry chain to implement the multiplexers of the PUF, and any one of the 8 flip-flops to latch 1-bit PUF signatures. The proposed delay-based PUF is completely realized on 28 nm commercial FPGAs, and the experimental results show its high uniqueness, reliability and reconfigurability. Moreover, we test the impact of aging on it, and the results show that the effect of aging on the proposed PUF is insignificant, with only 6% bit-flips. Finally, the prospects of the proposed PUF in the FPGA binding and volatile key generation are discussed.

Enhancing Security of FPGA-Based Embedded Systems with Combinational Logic Binding

With the increasing use of field-programmable gate arrays （FPGAs） in embedded systems and many embedded applications, the failure to protect FPGA-based embedded systems from cloning attacks has brought serious losses to system developers. This paper proposes a novel combinational logic binding technique to specially protect FPGA-based embedded systems from cloning attacks and provides a pay-per-device licensing model for the FPGA market. Security analysis shows that the proposed binding scheme is robust against various types of malicious attacks. Experimental evaluations demonstrate the low overhead of the proposed technique.

Stacking control in graphene-based materials: A promising method for fascinating physical properties

Graphene, defined as a single atomic plane of graphite, is a semimetal with a small overlap between the valence and conduction bands. The stacking of graphene up to several atomic layers can lead to diverse physical properties, depending on the stacking method. Bi layer graphene is also a semimetal, adopting the AB-stacked (or Bernal-stacked) structure or the rare AA-stacked structure . Trilayer or few-layer graphene (FLG) can be semimetals or semiconductors, depending on whether they adopt Bernal (ABA) stacking or rhoinbohedral (ABC) stacking.

Substrate angle-induced fully c-axis orientation of AlN films deposited by off-normal DC sputtering method

A highly c-axis-oriented aluminum nitride(Al N)thin film with smooth and crack-free surface was fabricated by an off-normal direct current(DC)sputtering method in a pure nitrogen atmosphere,in which the rotatable substrate holder positioned in the middle of four side targets was a key approach to guarantee the grain growth with no tilt.The detailed effects of substrate angle on the c-axis orientation of Al N films were investigated by varying the substrate angle from 0°to 90°.Moreover,theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo(MC)simulation reveal that the oblique or even vertical angle could improve the lateral kinetic energy of sputtered atoms deposited on the growing film.A variety of examining techniques including X-ray diffraction(XRD),(002)peak rocking curve,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)were conducted to evaluate the angle dependence on the crystallographic orientation.These test results indicate that larger substrate angle is beneficial to the(002)growth of Al N thin film,and a fully c-axis textured Al N thin film is obtained at 90°with small surface roughness(R_(a))of 3.32 nm.

Secrecy outage performance for wireless-powered relaying systems with nonlinear energy harvesters

We consider a cooperative system consisting of a source node, a destination node, N （N 〉 1） wirelesspowered relays, and an eavesdropper. Each relay is assumed to be with a nonlinear energy harvester, in which there exists a saturation threshold, limiting the level of the harvested power. For decode-and-forward and power splitting protocols, the Kth best relay is selected to assist the source-relay-destination transmission. An analytical expression for the secrecy outage probability is derived, and also verified by simulation.