Systematic analysis and functional verification of citrus glutathione S-transferases reveals that CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18contribute negatively to citrus bacterial canker

Citrus bacterial canker(CBC) is resulted from Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri(Xcc) infection and poses a significant threat to citrus production.Glutathione S-transferases(GSTs) are critical in maintaining redox homeostasis in plants, especially in relation to abiotic and biotic stress responses. However, the function of GSTs in resisting CBC remains unclear. Here, citrus glutathione S-transferases were investigated applying a genome-wide approach. In total, 69 CsGSTs belonging to seven classes were identified, and the phylogeny, chromosomal distribution, gene structures and conserved motifs were analyzed. Several CsGSTs responded to Xcc infection, as observed in the upregulation of CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 in the CBC-sensitive ‘Wanjincheng' variety but not in the resistant ‘Kumquat' variety. CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 were localized at the cytoplasm. Transient overexpression of CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 mediated reactive oxygen species(ROS) scavenging, whereas the virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS) of CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 caused strong CBC resistance and ROS burst. The present study investigated the characterization of citrus GST gene family, and discovered that CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 negatively contributed to CBC through modulating ROS homeostasis. These findings emphasize the significance of GSTs in infection resistance in plants.

Microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging with functional nanoparticles

As an emerging hybrid imaging modality,microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging(MTAI),using microwaves as the excitation source and ultrasonic signals as the information carrier for combining the characteristics of high contrast of electromagnetic imaging and high resolution of ultrasound imaging,has shown broad prospects in biomedical and clinical applications.The imaging contrast depends on the microwave-absorption coe±cient of the endogenous imaged tissue and the injected MTAI contrast agents.With systemically introduced functional nanoparticles,MTAI contrast and sensitivity can be further improved,and enables visualization of biological processes in vivo.In recent years,functional nanoparticles for MTAI have been developed to improve the performance and application range of MTAI in biomedical applications.This paper reviews the recent progress of functional nanoparticles for MTAI and their biomedical applications.The challenges and future directions of microwave thermoacoustic imaging with functional nanoparticles in theeld of translational medicine are discussed.

High-throughput screening system of citrus bacterial cankerassociated transcription factors and its application to the regulation of citrus canker resistance

One of the main diseases that adversely impacts the global citrus industry is citrus bacterial canker(CBC),caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas citri subsp.citri(Xcc).Response to CBC is a complex process,with both proteinDNA as well as protein–protein interactions for the regulatory network.To detect such interactions in CBC resistant regulation,a citrus high-throughput screening system with 203 CBC-inducible transcription factors(TFs),were developed.Screening the upstream regulators of target by yeast-one hybrid(Y1H)methods was also performed.A regulatory module of CBC resistance was identified based on this system.One TF(CsDOF5.8)was explored due to its interactions with the 1-kb promoter fragment of CsPrx25,a resistant gene of CBC involved in reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis regulation.Electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA),dual-LUC assays,as well as transient overexpression of CsDOF5.8,further validated the interactions and transcriptional regulation.The CsDOF5.8–CsPrx25 promoter interaction revealed a complex pathway that governs the regulation of CBC resistance via H2O2homeostasis.The high-throughput Y1H/Y2H screening system could be an efficient tool for studying regulatory pathways or network of CBC resistance regulation.In addition,it could highlight the potential of these candidate genes as targets for efforts to breed CBC-resistant citrus varieties.

Initial measurement of ultrafast charge exchange recombination spectroscopy on the EAST tokamak

Ultrafast charge exchange recombination spectroscopy(UF-CXRS)has been developed on the EAST tokamak(Yingying Li et al 2019 Fusion Eng.Des.146522)to measure fast evolutions of ion temperature and toroidal velocity.Here,we report the preliminary diagnostic measurements after relative sensitivity calibration.The measurement results show a much higher temporal resolution compared with conventional CXRS,benefiting from the usage of a prismcoupled,high-dispersion volume-phase holographic transmission grating and a high quantum efficiency,high-gain detector array.Utilizing the UF-CXRS diagnostic,the fast evolutions of the ion temperature and rotation velocity during a set of high-frequency small-amplitude edgelocalized modes(ELMs)are obtained on the EAST tokamak,which are then compared with the case of large-amplitude ELMs.

构建新发展格局的理论逻辑和现实基础

构建新发展格局的逻辑起点是全球市场失灵及其发展赤字。在国际市场饱和且外生的条件下,突破发展瓶颈的关键是建设全国统一大市场,实现经济内生增长,并带动全球经济增长。现实中,新能源革命和数字经济发展为此奠定了产业基础,且抑制了传统产业的市场失灵问题,因此构建新发展格局有利于超越全球发展赤字。据此提出三点建议:纠正市场失灵的供给侧结构性体制性改革、防止产业“空心化”的政策扶持和应对风险挑战的战略谋划等。

Inversion techniques to obtain local rotation velocity and ion temperature profiles for the x-ray crystal spectrometer on EAST

Inversion techniques are conducted based on the tangential x-ray crystal spectroscopy(TXCS)geometry on EAST to obtain the local profiles of ion temperature(Ti)and toroidal rotation velocity(vt).Firstly,local emissivity profiles of the impurity argon are obtained using the asymmetrical Abel inversion.Then,the local vt and Ti profiles are calculated by considering the local emissivity profiles and the TXCS detailed geometry.In addition,how the changes in the vt profiles affect the accuracy in the Ti profiles is discussed in detail.It is also found that the lineintegrated Ti profiles are becoming less accurate with the increase in the radial gradient in the local vt profiles.Nonetheless,accurate Ti radial profiles are reconstructed after considering the effects of the emissivity and velocity,which are verified by comparing the inverted vt and Ti profiles with those local profile measurements from the Charge eXchange Recombination Spectroscopy(CXRS)on EAST.

Development of an upgraded motional Stark effect diagnostic system on EAST tokamak

A new multi-channel motional Stark effect(MSE)diagnostic system has been developed on the upgraded EAST tokamak,which was installed on the port C to observe a tangential neutral beam.A telecentric imaging lens was deployed to ensure uniform illumination from the core to the boundary.A square fiber head which contained 23 fiber bundles was mounted to this imaging lens;each fiber bundle contained 19 fibers and two of them were assigned to CXRS and BES spectrometer,respectively.The angle tuning method was used for matching the Doppler shift of theσcomponent’s wavelength which was caused by the beam voltage.At the present stage,the MSE system only contains ten channels that would be extended to 23 channels in the future,covering a measurement range from R=1.8 to R=2.27 m with a temporal resolution of 10 ms and a spatial resolution of3 cm.The polarization angle-constrained q profiles and current density profiles were reconstructed with EFIT equilibrium reconstructions.In the sawtooth discharges,the q=1 surface position was validated by the ECE signals,which further verified the rationality of the MSE measurement.

CsBZIP40 confers resistance against citrus bacterial canker by repressing CsWRKY43-CsPrx53/CsSOD13 cascade mediated ROS scavenging

As the bacterial etiologic agent causing citrus bacterial canker(CBC),Xanthomonas citri subsp.citri(Xcc)seriously impacts citrus plantation and fruit production globally.In an earlier study,we demonstrated that CsBZIP40 can positively impact CBC resistance in the sweet orange(Citrus sinensis).However,the mechanistic basis for the protective benefits conferred by CsBZIP40 is yet to be delineated.Here,we show that CsBZIP40 positively regulates CBC resistance and reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis in transgenic sweet orange overexpressing CsBZIP40.CsBZIP40 directly binds to the TGA-box of the CsWRKY43 promoter to repress its transcriptional activity.CsWRKY43 overexpression induces CBC susceptibility in transgenic sweet oranges.In contrast,its inhibition produces strong resistance to CBC.CsWRKY43 directly binds to the W-boxes of the CsPrx53 and CsSOD13 promoters to positively regulate the activities of these antioxidant enzymes,resulting in the negative regulation of ROS homeostasis and CBC resistance in sweet orange plants.CsPrx53/CsSOD13 knockdown enhances ROS accumulation and CBC resistance.Overall,our results outline a regulatory pathway through which CsBZIP40 transcriptionally represses CsWRKY43-CsPrx53/CsSOD13 cascade-mediated ROS scavenging in a manner conducive to CBC resistance.These mechanisms underscore the potential importance of CsBZIP40,CsWRKY43,CsPrx53,and CsSOD13,providing promising strategies for the prevention of CBC.

食管鳞状细胞癌患者microRNA-127-3p的表达水平及临床意义

目的探讨miR-127-3p在食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)中的表达及其临床意义。方法选取2013年2月-2015年2月于湖南省人民医院和长沙市中心医院行外科手术的80例ESCC患者癌组织及癌旁组织标本,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测miR-127-3p mRNA相对表达量,利用免疫组织化学法检测SKI蛋白在患者癌组织及癌旁组织标本中的表达,并对所有患者进行≥3年的随访。同时检测ESCC细胞株Eca109和Kyse150及正常人食管上皮细胞株Het-1a中miR-127-3p的表达水平。结果免疫组织化学染色结果表明,癌组织中SKI蛋白表达阳性率较癌旁组织升高(P<0.05);ESCC细胞株Eca109、Kyse150中miR-127-3p相对表达量低于正常人食管上皮细胞株Het-1a(P<0.05);临床分期Ⅲ期患者miR-127-3p低表达率高于Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期(P<0.05),有淋巴结转移和饮酒史患者miR-127-3p低表达率高于无淋巴结转移和无饮酒史患者(P<0.05),miR-127-3p低表达患者的中位无进展期较高表达患者短(P<0.05)。结论miR-127-3p通过靶向调控SKI蛋白的表达参与ESCC的发生,其低表达可能参与ESCC的侵袭及转移过程,并显著影响患者的预后。

引导供应商早期参与新产品开发的平台型采购组织——基于海尔采购组织的单案例研究

以海尔集团采购组织变革为案例,研究如何进行平台型采购的组织设计,以有效引导供应商早期参与新产品开发。研究表明:互联网时代的采购组织设计应增加开放性和大数据分析能力两个维度,由此总结了平台型采购组织的结构特征和控制协调特征,揭示了采购部门引导供应商早期参与新产品开发的管理机制,包括模块化设计和采购、全球供应商与用户零距离交互等。不同于工业化时代的精益采购战略,在需求各异的互联网时代,应采取敏捷采购战略,创建分权与集中协同辩证统一的平台型采购组织,从注重规模经济转向流程经济、信息和学习经济。

“一带一路”数字基础设施投资:困境与实施

数字基础设施互联互通是"一带一路"建设的重要内容和技术保障。在当前数字化、网络化与信息化的背景下,数字经济已经成为各个国家发展的新动能,实现"一带一路"沿线国家基础设施互联互通,不仅需要加强对交通运输等传统基础设施的建设,还需要对现有的基础设施进行数字化、信息化改造,以及构建新的互联网设施,以推动沿线国家数字经济的发展。对中国而言,投资沿线国家数字基础设施,必须充分认识到其中的风险和挑战,不断完善投资路径,加强数字基础设施投资领域的治理合作。"数字丝绸之路"建设恰逢其时,数字技术、数字经济也将成为疫情之后全球经济发展的新引擎。

Recombinant adenovirus containing hyper-interleukin-6 and hepatocyte growth factor ameliorates acute-on-chronic liver failure in rats

AIM: To investigate the protective efficacy of recombinant adenovirus containing hyper-interleukin-6 (Hyper-IL-6, HIL-6) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (Ad-HGF-HIL-6) compared to that of recombinant adenovirus containing either HIL-6 or HGF (Ad-HIL-6 or Ad-HGF) in rats with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF).METHODS: The recombinant adenoviruses containing HIL-6 and/or HGF were constructed. We established an ACLF model, and rats were randomly assigned to control, model, Ad-GFP, Ad-HIL-6, Ad-HGF or Ad-HGF-HIL-6 group. We collected serum and liver tissue samples to test pathological changes, biochemical indexes and molecular biological indexes.RESULTS: Attenuated alanine aminotransferase, prothrombin time, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), endotoxin, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-&#x003b1; and interferon-&#x003b3; were observed in the Ad-HGF-, Ad-HIL-6- and Ad-HGF-HIL-6-treated rats with ACLF. Likewise, reduced hepatic damage and apoptotic activity, as well as reduced HMGB1 and Bax proteins, but raised expression of Ki67 and Bcl-2 proteins and Bcl-2/Bax ratio were also observed in the Ad-HGF-, Ad-HIL-6- and Ad-HGF-HIL-6-treated rats with ACLF. More significant changes were observed in the Ad-HGF-HIL-6 treatment group without obvious side effects. Furthermore, caspase-3 at the protein level decreased in the Ad-HIL-6 and Ad-HGF-HIL-6 treatment groups, more predominantly in the latter group.CONCLUSION: This study identifies that the protective efficacy of Ad-HGF-HIL-6 is more potent than that of Ad-HGF or Ad-HIL-6 in ACLF rats, with no significant side effects.

Development of vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy for measuring edge impurity emission in the EAST tokamak

The dominant wavelength range of edge impurity emissions moves from the visible range to the vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)range,as heating power increasing in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST).The measurement provided by the existing visible spectroscopies in EAST is not sufficient for impurity transport studies for high-parameters plasmas.Therefore,in this study,a VUV spectroscopy is newly developed to measure edge impurity emissions in EAST.One Seya-Namioka VUV spectrometer(McPherson 234/302)is used in the system,equipped with a concave-corrected holographic grating with groove density of 600 grooves mm-1.Impurity line emissions can be observed in the wavelength range ofλ=50-700 nm,covering VUV,near ultraviolet and visible ranges.The observed vertical range is Z=-350-350 mm.The minimum sampling time can be set to 5 ms under full vertical binning(FVB)mode.VUV spectroscopy has been used to measure the edge impurity emission for the 2019 EAST experimental campaign.Impurity spectra are identified for several impurity species,i.e.,lithium(Li),carbon(C),oxygen(O),and iron(Fe).Several candidates for tungsten(W)lines are also measured but their clear identification is very difficult due to a strong overlap with Fe lines.Time evolutions of impurity carbon emissions of CⅡat 134.5 nm and CⅢat 97.7 nm are analyzed to prove the system capability of time-resolved measurement.The measurements of the VUV spectroscopy are very helpful for edge impurity transport study in the high-parameters plasma in EAST.

Dynamic soil-tunnel interaction in layered half-space for incident P-and SV-waves

The dynamic soil-tunnel interaction is studied by the model of a rigid tunnel embedded in layered half-space, which is simplified as a single soil layer on elastic bedrock to the excitation of P- and SV-waves. The indirect boundary element method is used, combined with the Green＇ s function of distributed loads acting on inclined lines. It is shown that the dynamic characteristics of soil-tunnel interaction in layered half-space are different much from that in homoge- neous half-space, and that the mechanism of soil-tunnel interaction is also different much from that of soil-founda- tion-superstructure interaction. For oblique incidence, the tunnel response for in-plane incident SV-waves is com- pletely different from that for incident SH-waves, while the tunnel response for vertically incident SV-wave is very similar to that of vertically incident SH-wave.

心理弹性在老年脑卒中合并功能性便秘患者家庭功能与出院准备度的中介作用

背景便秘是脑卒中常见并发症之一.心理弹性是个体在面对各种压力时所采取的积极措施去处理问题.家庭功能指家庭成员对患者需要的满足,以充分体现家庭的互助互爱,共同承担疾病压力事件的能力.出院准备度是指医务人员根据患者的身体情况整体评估患者是否具备离开医院、回归家庭和自我生活的能力.本研究探讨老年脑卒中便秘患者心理弹性、家庭功能和准备出院度三者的关系,以为临床诊疗提供客观依据.目的旨在探讨心理弹性在老年脑卒中合并慢性功能性便秘患者家庭功能与出院准备度中的中介作用.方法采取便利抽样法,选取2018-10/2019-10在浙江省金华二院收治的老年脑卒中便秘患者120例为调查对象.分别采用家庭关怀指数问卷、心理弹性量表、出院准备度量表调查.结果患者家庭功能总分为7.25分±1.85分,心理弹性总分为54.56分±5.39分,出院准备度总分为88.72分±5.61分.通过Pearson相关性分析表明,患者家庭功能、心理弹性总分及各维度均呈正相关(P<0.05).采用中介效应检验程序,步骤1提示家庭功能对患者出院准备度有正向预测作用(β=0.481,P<0.05);步骤2提示心理弹性对出院准备度有正向预测作用(β=0.494,P<0.05);步骤3加入心理弹性为第3层变量,提示心理弹性对出院准备度有影响(β=0.715,P<0.05),提示心理弹性在家庭功能与出院准备度关系中起部分中介作用,中介效应为0.344(0.715×0.481),占总效应比例为39.03%(0.715×0.481/0.881×100%).结论心理弹性在老年脑卒中合并慢性功能性便秘患者家庭功能与出院准备度中具有中介作用.在临床工作中,医护人员通过提高患者家庭功能和心理弹性,进而提高患者出院准备度.

Measurement of molybdenum ion density for L-mode and H-mode plasma discharges in the EAST tokamak

We report the measurement of total molybdenum ion density for L-mode and H-mode plasmas on EAST using spectral lines observation and calculation based on an impurity transport code.A flat-filed extreme ultraviolet spectrometer with some spatial resolution is used to obtain the radial profiles of molybdenum spectral line emissions.The absolute calibration for the extreme ultraviolet spectrometer is finished by comparing the calculated bremsstrahlung intensity with the readings of CCD detector.Molybdenum ion transport study is performed using the radial ion density profiles and one-dimensional impurity transport code STRAHL.The total molybdenum density profiles are determined from the transport analysis.The molybdenum density during L-mode and H-mode phases are obtained,which are about 3 and 4 orders of magnitude smaller than the electron density,respectively.An inward pinch is found during the H-mode phase that leads to the peaked profile of molybdenum density.

Space-resolved vacuum-ultraviolet spectroscopy for measuring impurity emission from divertor region of EAST tokamak

The measurement of impurity distribution in the divertor region of tokamaks is key to studying edge impurity transport.Therefore,a space-resolved vacuum-ultraviolet(VUV)spectrometer is designed to measure impurity emission in the divertor region on EAST.For good spectral resolution,an eagle-type VUV spectrometer with 1 m long focal length with spherical holograph grating is used in the system.For light collection,a collimating mirror is installed between the EAST plasma and the VUV spectrometer to extend the observing range to cover the upper divertor region.Two types of detectors,i.e.a back-illuminated charge-coupled device detector and a photomultiplier-tube detector,are adopted for the spectral measurement and high-frequency intensity measurement for feedback control,respectively.The angle between the entrance and exit optical axis is fixed at 15°.The detector can be moved along the exit axis to maintain a good focusing position when the wavelength is scanned by rotating the grating.The profile of impurity emissions is projected through the space-resolved slit,which is set horizontally.The spectrometer is equipped with two gratings with 2400 grooves/mm and2160 grooves/mm,respectively.The overall aberration of the system is reduced by accurate detector positioning.As a result,the total spectral broadening can be reduced to about 0.013 nm.The simulated performance of the system is found to satisfy the requirement of measurement of impurity emissions from the divertor area of the EAST tokamak.

非正式护理对居家老年脑卒中合并功能性消化不良患者生命质量的影响:基于衰弱和抑郁的中介作用

背景关注老年人群的健康问题是医护工作人员面临的重要问题.既往研究对出院后患者的护理及健康问题很少引起关注和重视.因此,本研究重点研究居家老年脑卒中合并功能性消化不良(functional dyspepsia,FD)患者应用非正式护理后对其生命质量的影响,旨在为解决养老问题提供新的思路.目的探讨非正式护理对居家老年脑卒中合并FD患者生命质量的影响:基于衰弱和抑郁的中介作用.方法选择2018-09/2019-11在浙江省金华市第二医院住院治疗后出院的老年脑卒中合并FD患者155例,采用非正式护理满足情况量表,衰弱表型,抑郁量表和生活质量量表进行调查分析.结果患者非正式护理满足情况评分为3.22分±0.48分;衰弱评分为1.51分±0.43分;抑郁评分为11.93分±2.68分,其中非抑郁60例占40.0%,轻度抑郁60例占40.0%,重度抑郁30例占20.0%;生命质量评分为105.72分±18.34分.通过Spearman相关分析表明,非正式护理满足情况的3个因子与衰弱,抑郁呈负相关(P<0.05,或P<0.01),与生命质量之间呈正相关(P<0.05).以衰弱和抑郁为中介变量,以非正式护理满足情况3个因子为自变量,生命质量为因变量构建模型进行预测分析,社会支持3个维度日常生活照料、心理支持指导及疾病相关护理对生命质量的总效应分别为0.223、0.257、0.289.在日常生活照料对生命质量的衰弱中介效应为0.051,占总效应的22.87%,抑郁无中介效应;在心理支持指导对生命质量的抑郁中介效应为0.135,占总效应的52.53%,衰弱无中介效应;在疾病相关护理对生命质量的衰弱中介效应为0.152,占总效应的52.60%.结论非正式护理对老年脑卒中合并FD患者生命质量的影响应受到重视,在临床工作中要采取积极措施提高非正式护理方法以提高患者生命质量,对改善健康老龄化患者生命质量具有重要意义.

Pancreatitis in hand-foot-and-mouth disease caused byenterovirus 71

Some viruses, including certain members of the enterovirus genus, have been reported to cause pancreatitis, especially Coxsackie virus. However, no case of human enterovirus 71(EV71) associated with pancreatitis has been reported so far. We here report a case of EV71-induced hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD) presenting with pancreatitis in a 2-year-old girl. This is the first report of a patient with acute pancreatitis in HFMD caused by EV71. We treated the patient conservatively with nasogastric suction, intravenous fluid and antivirals. The patient's symptoms improved after 8 d, and recovered without complications. We conclude that EV71 can cause acute pancreatitis in HFMD, which should be considered in differential diagnosis, especially in cases of idiopathic pancreatitis.

“一带一路”与沿线国家跨越贫困陷阱

从全球产业转移及其对中国工业化进程的影响出发,立足中国取得的举世瞩目的脱贫成就,结合"一带一路"沿线国家跨越中等收入陷阱及其贫困陷阱的现实,在产品生命周期理论框架下,探讨了"一带一路"与全球产业升级的关系、对沿线各国跨越贫困陷阱的启示。研究表明,差异化的产业结构为沿线各国的经济合作提供了现实基础,但同时,沿线国家的寻租风险、政治游说风险、利益分配不均、公共物品供给不足和观念俘获等问题是影响"一带一路"项目建设的主要障碍。对此,从理论研究和国际舆论宣传、企业市场行为、政府协调监督,以及制度推广和建设等方面提出了对策建议。