血栓通对阿尔茨海默症模型小鼠认知功能及神经异常兴奋性的作用及其机制研究

目的探究血栓通[主要有效成分为三七皂苷(panax notoginseng,PNS)]对阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)模型小鼠认知功能及神经兴奋性的影响,并探讨其潜在分子机制。方法用APP/PS1小鼠作为AD研究动物模型,在小鼠淀粉样蛋白尚未检测到阶段(2月龄)开始每日以60 mg/kg对血栓通组(APP/PS1+PNS)行灌胃给药,每日1次,连续给药6个月(给药至8月龄);对照组小鼠予同等体积的0.9%氯化钠(APP/PS1+vehicle)灌胃处理,同月龄野生型小鼠予0.9%氯化钠灌胃处理作为正常对照组(WT+vehicle),每组各15只。6个月后,新物体识别实验、Morris水迷宫实验检测小鼠的认知功能;EEG脑电检测、Western blot、细胞表面生物素化试验以检测各组小鼠皮质与海马中BACE1的活性、Nav1.1α的分布、表达以及Navβ2的表达与酶解情况(Navβ2的酶解片段Navβ2 full length及Navβ2-CTF表达检测)。结果新物体识别实验显示,与对照组APP/PS1小鼠相比,血栓通用药后APP/PS1小鼠的辨别指数(discrimination index,DI)上升(P<0.05);Morris水迷宫检测结果发现,血栓通灌胃6个月后小鼠在探索实验中逃避潜伏期缩短(P<0.05),撤除平台后在目标象限停留时间增加(P<0.05)、穿梭平台次数增加(P<0.05);EEG脑电检测结果发现,血栓通给药后减少了APP/PS1小鼠棘波放电出现的频率(P<0.05)。血栓通给药后显著降低了BACE1蛋白水平的表达(P<0.05),而全长片段Navβ2的蛋白水平显著上升(P<0.05),并纠正了Nav1.1α在神经元内外的异常分布(P<0.05)。结论血栓通可以改善AD模型小鼠的学习记忆能力、纠正大脑异常兴奋性,其作用机制可能与抑制BACE1的活性从而减少Navβ2由APP/PS1诱导的过度酶解,纠正皮质、海马神经元Nav1.1α的异常表达与分布,调节神经元的兴奋性有关。

Gut microbiome and serum metabolome analyses identify Bacteroides fragilis as regulators of serotonin content and PRL secretion in broody geese

Broody behavior is regulated by hypothalamic prolactin secretion,which seriously affects egg production in poulty production.Numerous studies have provided evidence that animal behavior is governed by dynamic bidirectional communication between specific gut bacteria and their host via the brain-gut-microbiome axis.However,little research focused on how the gut microbiota influence broody behavior in poultry.In this study,Zhedong white geese in laying and brooding phases were selected.Ten differentially abundant bacteria in cecum were detected between brooding and laying geese through metagenomic analyses and 16S rRNA sequencing(P<0.05),and Bacteroides fragilis was specifically identified as a key driver species in the brooding geese.Moverover,the serum metabolites were quantified,and the 313 differentially abundant metabolites were found between the two groups of different physiological geese.They were primarily enriched in the tryptophan metabolism pathways.Pearson correlation analyses revealed there was a significant positive correlation between B.fragilis abundance and the context of 11 tryptophan metabolism-related metabolites(such as serotonin,etc.)in broody geese,which hinted that those tryptophan metabolites might be produced or driven by B.fragilis.Finally,the serum hormone levels were also measured.We found there was a positive correlation between B.fragilis abundance and content of serotonin.Besides,prolactin secreted by the pituitary gland was greater in brooding geese than that in laying geese,which was also highly correlated with B.fragilis abundance.This result implied that B.fragilis could promote the secretion of prolactin by the pituitary gland.Together,the current study findings provided the information on gut microbiota influencing broody behavior,B.fragilis produced or driven more serum serotonin,and stimulated the pituitary gland to secret more prolactin,which potentially offered a new enlightenment for the intervention of broody behavior in poultry.

"运动针法"调理阴阳跷脉对强直性脊柱炎脊柱-骨盆矢状面平衡改善情况的临床观察

强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis, AS)是一种发病机制未明的以中轴关节慢性炎症为主的全身性免疫性疾病。本研究纳入2016年2月-2018年2月间四川省骨科医院风湿骨关节病科收治的70例强直性脊柱炎患者,将入选病例随机分成两组:治疗组和对照组。对照组使用NSAIDs药物及DMARDs药物治疗。治疗组在NSAIDs药物及DMARDs药物基础上加用运动针法,针刺申脉、赵海二穴治疗。治疗结束后进行疗效评价,利用统计软件分析数据,对两种疗法进行疗效对比分析。

有限切开复位加长PFNA内固定治疗复杂股骨粗隆下骨折疗效观察

目的探讨有限切开复位加长PFNA内固定在复杂股骨粗隆下骨折治疗中的效果。方法将我院收治的SeinsheimerⅢ、Ⅳ型股骨粗隆下骨折的16例患者作为研究对象,均行股骨粗隆下骨折有限切开加长PFNA内固定定术,分析临床效果。结果患者平均手术时间(92.16±2.38)min;平均术中出血量(380.29±84.25)m L;且无患者出现切口感染等并发症。患者均获得12~48个月的随访,骨折均愈合,且无患者出现内固定断裂或者术后再次骨折。髋关节功能Harris评分优良率为93.75%。结论PFNA在股骨粗隆下骨折治疗中的生物力学优势较为显著,使用加长型PFNA结合骨折局部有限切开辅助复位,能够有效缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量,具有较好的临床推广价值。

利用视障群体感知觉能力提升驾驶体验

目的通过同理心地图和深度访谈对视障群体的感知觉能力进行深入探索,利用视障群体的感知觉能力提升汽车的驾驶体验。方法根据视障群体的特征设置同理心地图任务,选取视力正常的被试以角色扮演的方式,体验视障群体在出行中使用的感知觉能力以及遇到的痛点和产生的需求,帮助研究人员收集数据。利用同理心地图的结果设置深度访谈大纲并对视障群体进行深度访谈。结论同理心地图和深度访谈在对视障群体的用户研究中有重要的指导作用,利用两种方法对视障群体进行研究是可行的。

Hyperparameter Optimization for Machine Learning Models Based on Bayesian Optimization

Hyperparameters are important for machine learning algorithms since they directly control the behaviors of training algorithms and have a significant effect on the performance of machine learning models. Several techniques have been developed and successfully applied for certain application domains. However, this work demands professional knowledge and expert experience. And sometimes it has to resort to the brute-force search.Therefore, if an efficient hyperparameter optimization algorithm can be developed to optimize any given machine learning method, it will greatly improve the efficiency of machine learning. In this paper, we consider building the relationship between the performance of the machine learning models and their hyperparameters by Gaussian processes. In this way, the hyperparameter tuning problem can be abstracted as an optimization problem and Bayesian optimization is used to solve the problem. Bayesian optimization is based on the Bayesian theorem. It sets a prior over the optimization function and gathers the information from the previous sample to update the posterior of the optimization function. A utility function selects the next sample point to maximize the optimization function.Several experiments were conducted on standard test datasets. Experiment results show that the proposed method can find the best hyperparameters for the widely used machine learning models, such as the random forest algorithm and the neural networks, even multi-grained cascade forest under the consideration of time cost.

Changes in Mean and Extreme Temperature and Precipitation over the Arid Region of Northwestern China： Observation and Projection

This paper reports a comprehensive study on the observed and projected spatiotemporal changes in mean and extreme climate over the arid region of northwestern China, based on gridded observation data and CMIP5 simulations under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The observational results reveal an increase in annual mean temperature since 1961, largely attributable to the increase in minimum temperature. The annual mean precipitation also exhibits a significant increasing tendency. The precipitation amount in the most recent decade was greater than in any preceding decade since 1961. Seasonally, the greatest increase in temperature and precipitation appears in winter and in summer, respectively. Widespread significant changes in temperature-related extremes are consistent with warming, with decreases in cold extremes and increases in warm extremes. The warming of the coldest night is greater than that of the warmest day, and changes in cold and warm nights are more evident than for cold and warm days. Extreme precipitation and wet days exhibit an increasing trend, and the maximum number of consecutive dry days shows a tendency toward shorter duration. Multi-model ensemble mean projections indicate an overall continual increase in temperature and precipitation during the 21 st century. Decreases in cold extremes, increases in warm extremes, intensification of extreme precipitation, increases in wet days, and decreases in consecutive dry days, are expected under both emissions scenarios, with larger changes corresponding to stronger radiative forcing.

Electrochemical oxidation of rhodamine B by PbO_2/Sb-SnO_2/TiO_2 nanotube arrays electrode

A PbO2/Sb-SnO2/TiO2 nanotube array composite electrode was successfully synthesized and its electrochemical oxidation properties were investigated.Field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)results showed that the PbO2 coating was composed of anα-PbO2 inner layer and aβ-PbO2 outer layer.Accelerated life measurement indicated that the composite electrode had a lifetime of 815 h.Rhodamine B(RhB)was employed as a model pollutant to analyze the electrocatalytic activity of the electrode.The effects of initial RhB concentration,current density,initial pH,temperature,and chloride ion concentration on the electrochemical oxidation were investigated in detail.Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy(ICP-AES)results suggested that the concentration of leached Pb^2+in the electrolyte during the electrocatalytic oxidation process can be neglected.Finally,the degradation mechanism during the electrocatalytic oxidation process was proposed based on the results of solid-phase micro-extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME-GC-MS).The high electrocatalytic performance of the composite electrode makes it a promising anode for the treatment of organic pollutants in aqueous solution.

Performance of RegCM4 over Major River Basins in China

A long-term simulation for the period 1990–2010 is conducted with the latest version of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics＇ Regional Climate Model（RegCM4）, driven by ERA-Interim boundary conditions at a grid spacing of 25 km. The Community Land Model（CLM） is used to describe land surface processes, with updates in the surface parameters,including the land cover and surface emissivity. The simulation is compared against observations to evaluate the model performance in reproducing the present day climatology and interannual variability over the 10 main river basins in China,with focus on surface air temperature and precipitation. Temperature and precipitation from the ERA-Interim reanalysis are also considered in the model assessment. Results show that the model reproduces the present day climatology over China and its main river basins, with better performances in June–July–August compared to December–January–February（DJF）.In DJF, we find a warm bias at high latitudes, underestimated precipitation in the south, and overestimated precipitation in the north. The model in general captures the observed interannual variability, with greater skill for temperature. We also find an underestimation of heavy precipitation events in eastern China, and an underestimation of consecutive dry days in northern China and the Tibetan Plateau. Similar biases for both mean climatology and extremes are found in the ERA-Interim reanalysis, indicating the difficulties for climate models in simulating extreme monsoon climate events over East Asia.

New strategy during complicated open appendectomy: Convert open operation to laparoscopy

AIM: To introduce a new strategy during complicated open appendectomy - converting open operation to laparoscopy.

雌、雄鲇生长及血液生理、生化成分差异分析

为了解雌、雄鲇Silurus asotus生长及其血液生理、生化成分的差异,采用人工饲养的同一批鲇,区分雌、雄后采集血样,对雌鲇和雄鲇在夏季(100日龄)、冬季(218日龄)的生长及血液变化特征进行了研究。结果表明:同一季节,雌、雄鲇间的体长与体质量有显著或极显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),且同一时期雌鲇体长、体质量显著大于雄鲇(P<0.05);同一季节,雌、雄鲇间血液生理、生化成分差异不大,仅夏季时雄鲇血红蛋白含量、红细胞数量显著大于雌鲇(P<0.05),而其他测定指标,夏、冬两季雌、雄鲇间均无显著性差异(P>0.05);季节和性别双因素方差分析(Tow-way ANOVA)显示,性别仅对血红蛋白含量和红细胞数量有显著或极显著影响(P<0.05或P<0.01),季节对红细胞压积、血红蛋白含量、白细胞数量、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、血糖含量、乳酸脱氢酶、甘油三酯含量均存在显著或极显著性影响(P<0.05或P<0.01),而时间和性别的交互作用对各指标均无显著性影响(P>0.05)。研究表明,鲇属于雌性具有优势生长的鱼类,季节对鲇血液生理、生化指标的影响大于性别间差异。

Influence of sulfate on the generation of bitumen components from kerogen decomposition during catagenesis

High-quality source rocks in saline lacustrine or marine sedimentary environments often show early peak petroleum generation and enhanced hydrocarbon yields,which have conventionally been attributed to organosulfur-enhanced thermal decomposition of kero gen.However,there is increasing awareness that the coexisting inorganic salts,particularly sulfates,might also contribute to the acceleration of petroleum generation.In this study,we investigated the influence of sulfates on the thermal decomposition of kerogen sampled from the Pingliang Formation in the Ordos Basin.Our results demonstrate that the kerogen samples mixed with sulfate generate more hydrocarbons with a lower peak production temperature than their sulfate-free counterparts.Detailed chemical analysis revealed that the presence of sulfates significantly facilitated the generation of resins and asphaltenes at temperatures below 350℃,corresponding in our simulations to the early stage of petroleum generation(Easy%R_o <1.0%).We hypothesize that sulfates can promote the fragmentation of kerogen via direct thermochemical oxidation into a complex mixture of bitumen components that consist mostly of compounds typically encountered in the classical resin and asphaltene fractions.The findings reveal a new reaction paradigm between sulfates and organic macromolecules that could offer useful guidance in the exploration for low-maturity oils.

Laparoscope resection of retroperitoneal ectopic insulinoma: A rare case

Ectopic insulinoma is a very rare and dormant tumor.Here we report the case of a 79-year-old female who presented with repeated episodes of hypoglycemia and was diagnosed with insulinoma based on laboratory and imaging examinations.Computed tomography and positron emission tomography revealed a tumor in the retroperitoneum under and left of the hepatoduodenal ligament, which was resected successfully using a laparoscopic approach.Pathologic results revealed an ectopic insulinoma, which was confirmed immunohistochemically.Ectopic insulinomas are accompanied by hypoglycemia that can be misdiagnosed as drug- or disease-induced.These tumors are difficult to diagnose and locate, particularly in atypical cases or for very small tumors.Synthetic or targeted examinations, including low blood glucose, elevated insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide levels, 48-h fasting tests, and relevant imaging methods should be considered for suspected cases of insulinoma.Surgery is the treatment of choice for patients with insulinoma, and laparoscopic resection is a feasible and effective method for select ectopic insulinoma cases.

Is laparoscopic radical cholecystectomy an effective and safe approach for advanced gallbladder cancer?

Although laparoscopy has been widely used in the surgical field and is even considered the first-line to diagnose various diseases,laparoscopic radical cholecystectomy(LRC)for gallbladder cancer(GBC)has always been relatively contraindicated.Inadequate lymphadenectomy,complicated liver resection,specific biological behavior of GBC cells,and chimney and aerosol effects from the pneumoperitoneum are the previously misunderstood areas in laparoscopic surgery[1].Initially,laparoscopic approach was used for intra-abdominal GBC exploration to determine the presence of peritoneal metastasis,intraoperative staging,and palliative treatment.With the advancement of laparoscopic surgery,laparoscopic liver resection,laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy,and laparoscopic radical gastrectomy have been routinely performed in several medical centers.Kim et al.[2]recently demonstrated that laparoscopic technique is feasible for GBC.However,the feasibility of LRC depends on the following factors.

基于眼动实验的短视频手机APP界面偏好研究

目的针对短视频APP,探索用户对其界面设计的偏好及原因。方法实验为2(标题位置:标题在上/标题在下)*2(互动区位置:互动区在左下/互动区在右下)的被试内实验设计。采用眼动实验和问卷调查相结合的方法研究被试对不同设计方案的偏好。实验共30位被试参加。结果眼动数据和问卷数据均表明,被试最偏好标题在上,互动区在右下的设计方案。核心原因是标题在上易于筛选信息,符合被试浏览逻辑,互动区在右下符合用户操作习惯,接受度更高。结论研究结果可以用来指导短视频APP的界面设计。

The Benefits of Exogenous NO: Enhancing <i>Arabidopsis</i>to Resist <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that impacts a wide range of hosts, including Arabidopsis. Pretreatment with nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on Arabidopsis leaves suppressed Botrytis cinerea infection development. Additionally, in this study the dosage levels of SNP applied to the leaves had no direct, toxic impact on the development of the pathogen. The relationship between NO and reactive oxidant species (ROS) was studied by using both spectrophotometrical methods and staining leaf material with fluorescent dyes, nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), and with 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB). The results showed that exogenous NO restrained the generation of ROS, especially H2O2, as the pathogen interacted with the Arabidopsis plant. And this inhibition of reactive oxidant burst coincided with delay infection development in NO-supplied leaves. The influence of elevated level of NO on antioxidant enzymes was investigated in this study. The activities of catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) were increased to different degrees in both: 1) SNP treated only leaves, and 2) SNP pretreated leaves that were subsequently inoculateted with pathogens. However, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was unchanged in the leaves studied. The decrease in H2O2 content probably resulted from the increase in activities of POD and CAT. Our study suggests that NO might trigger some metabolic reactions, i.e. enhanced enzyme activity that restrains H2O2 which ultimately results in resistance to B. cinerea infection.

Rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding owing to hepatic cancer invasion:A case report

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding refers to bleeding that arises from the gastrointestinal tract proximal to the ligament of Treitz.The primary reason for gastrointestinal bleeding associated with hepatocellular carcinoma is rupture of a varicose vein owing to pericardial hypotension.We report a rare case of gastrointestinal bleeding with hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient who presented with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding.The initial diagnosis was gastric cancer with metastasis to the multiple lymph nodes of the lesser curvature.The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy,which identified two lesions in the gastric wall.Total gastrectomy and hepatic local excision was then performed.Pathological results indicated that the hepatocellular carcinoma had invaded the stomach directly,which was confirmed immunohistochemically.The patient is alive with a disease-free survival of 1 year since the surgery.Hepatocellular carcinoma with gastric invasion should be considered as a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in hepatocellular carcinoma patients,especially with lesions located in the left lateral hepatic lobe.Surgery is the best solution.

Tailoring the selective adsorption sites of NiMoO by Ni particles for biomass upgrading assisted hydrogen production

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural electrooxidation reaction(HMFOR)is a promising route to produce valueadded chemicals from biomass.Since it involves HMF adsorption and C-H/O-H cleavage,understanding the adsorption behavior and catalytic process of organic molecules on catalysts is important.Herein,the selective adsorption sites of NiMoO are tuned by Ni particles for HMFOR-assisted H2production.Experimental and theoretical calculation results indicate that the synergistic interaction between Ni and NiMoO optimizes the adsorption/desorption of HMF/intermediates/2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA)and promotes the C-H/O-H bond cleavage,thereby improving the HMFOR kinetics(kNiMoO-Ni/kNiMoO=1.97)and FDCA selectivity(99.3%).When coupled as a two-electrode system,it can drive efficient HMF conversion(FDCA yield:98.5%)and H2production(Faradaic efficiency:99.1%)at 1.45 V.This work thus offers a strategy to tune the adsorption sites of catalyst for efficient HMFOR-assisted H2production.

Effect of group psychological intervention on oxidative stress,apoptosis and inflammatory response in patients with schizophrenia

Objective: To investigate the effect of group psychological intervention on oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammatory response in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 80 patients with schizophrenia who received hospitalization in the hospital between September 2014 and October 2016 were collected and divided into control group (n=40) and observation group (n=40) according to the random number table method. Control group received routine clinical intervention, the observation group received group psychological intervention on the basis of conventional intervention, and the differences in serum contents of oxidative stress indicators, apoptosis molecules and inflammatory factors were compared between the two groups of patients before and after intervention. Results: Before intervention, the differences in serum levels of oxidative stress indexes, apoptosis molecules and inflammatory factors were not statistically significant between the two groups of patients. After intervention, serum SOD and bcl-2 levels of both groups of patients were higher than those before intervention while MDA, bax, Caspace-3, Fas, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were lower than those before intervention, and serum SOD and bcl-2 levels of observation group were higher than those of control group while MDA, bax, Caspace-3, Fas, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were lower than those of control group. Conclusion: Group psychological intervention can effectively inhibit the systemic oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and reduce the process of apoptosis in patients with schizophrenia.