Heyingwuzi formulation alleviates diabetic retinopathy by promoting mitophagy via the HIF-1α/BNIP3/NIX axis

BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is the primary cause of visual problems in patients with diabetes.The Heyingwuzi formulation(HYWZF)is effective against DR.AIM To determine the HYWZF prevention mechanisms,especially those underlying mitophagy.METHODS Human retinal capillary endothelial cells(HRCECs)were treated with high glucose(hg),HYWZF serum,PX-478,or Mdivi-1 in vitro.Then,cell counting kit-8,transwell,and tube formation assays were used to evaluate HRCEC proliferation,invasion,and tube formation,respectively.Transmission electron microscopy was used to assess mitochondrial morphology,and Western blotting was used to determine the protein levels.Flow cytometry was used to assess cell apoptosis,reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,and mitochondrial membrane potential.Moreover,C57BL/6 mice were established in vivo using streptozotocin and treated with HYWZF for four weeks.Blood glucose levels and body weight were monitored continuously.Changes in retinal characteristics were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin,tar violet,and periodic acid-Schiff staining.Protein levels in retinal tissues were determined via Western blotting,immunohistochemistry,and immunostaining.RESULTS HYWZF inhibited excessive ROS production,apoptosis,tube formation,and invasion in hg-induced HRCECs via mitochondrial autophagy in vitro.It increased the mRNA expression levels of BCL2-interacting protein 3(BNIP3),FUN14 domain-containing 1,BNIP3-like(BNIP3L,also known as NIX),PARKIN,PTEN-induced kinase 1,and hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)-1α.Moreover,it downregulated the protein levels of vascular endothelial cell growth factor and increased the light chain 3-II/I ratio.However,PX-478 and Mdivi-1 reversed these effects.Additionally,PX-478 and Mdivi-1 rescued the effects of HYWZF by decreasing oxidative stress and apoptosis and increasing mitophagy.HYWZF intervention improved the symptoms of diabetes,tissue damage,number of acellular capillaries,and oxidative stress in vivo.Furthermore,in vivo experiments confirmed the results of in vitro experiments.CONCLUSION HYWZF alleviated DR and associated damage by promoting mitophagy via the HIF-1α/BNIP3/NIX axis.

Review of the Low-Lying Excited Baryons ∑^(*)(1/2^(-))

Strong empirical and phenomenological indications exist for large sea-quark admixtures in the low-lying excited baryons.Investigating the low-lying excited baryon ∑^(*)(1/2^(-))is important for determining the nature of the low-lying excited baryons.We review the experimental and theoretical progress on the studies of the ∑^(*)(1/2^(-)).

P_(c)(4457)Interpreted as a J^(P)=1/2+State by D^(0)∧_(c)^(+)(2595)-π^(0)P_(c)(4312) Interaction

P_(c)(4457)has been discovered over five years,but the parity of this particle remains undetermined.We propose a new interpretation for P_(c)(4457),which is the state generated from the coupled-channel D^(0)Ac+(2595)andπ^(0)P_(c)(4312)since they can exchange an almost on-shell∑_(c)^(+).In this scenario,the parity of P_(c)(4457)will be positive,which is different from the candidate of the bound state of D*∑_(c).The main decay channel of P_(c)(4457)in this model is Pc(4312)π.We propose three processes∧_(b)^(0)→J/ψKapπ^(-),∧_(b)^(0)→J/ψK-pπ^(0),and∧_(b)^(0)→J/ψpπ^(-)π^(+)k^(-)to verify Pc(4457)→Pc(4312)π.

Reconstruction of massive skin avulsion of the scrota and penis by combined application of dermal regeneration template(Pelnac) and split-thickness skin graft with vacuum-assisted closure: A case report

BACKGROUND Although skin avulsions to male external genitalia are rare, they can be both physically and psychologically traumatic. Thus, the necessity for judicious management poses significant challenges to surgeons in order to avoid potential permanent disabilities. We report a case of massive penoscrotal skin avulsion and a composite graft was creatively applied to cover the defect which achieved good results. We believe that this case is of great reference value for fellow surgeons.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old male presented with massive traumatic avulsion of the penile and scrotal skin following mishandling of an electric drill. The avulsed skin was missing. The patient was diagnosed with massive skin avulsion of external genitalia. Following initial complete debridement of devitalized or infected tissues, Pelnac dermal substitute was secured to the defect with the assistance of negative-pressure wound closure. In the final step, the silicone layer of Pelnac was removed and a split-thickness skin graft was applied. The defect had healed at the two-month follow-up. The patient now has normal erections and satisfactory sexual function.CONCLUSION Our experience with this wound repair demonstrated that the combination of a dermal regeneration template and a split-thickness skin graft with vacuumassisted closure is a safe, well-tolerated and efficient solution for the reconstruction of massive penoscrotal skin defects.

Identifying hidden charm pentaquark signal from non-resonant background in electron–proton scattering

In this study,we analyze the electroproduction of the LHCb pentaquark states with the assumption that they are resonant states.Our main concern is to investigate the final state distribution in the phase space to extract a feeble pentaquark signal from a large non-resonant background.The results indicate that the signal to background ratio will increase significantly with a proper kinematic cut,which will be beneficial for future experimental analysis.

PandaX limits on the light dark matter with a light mediator in the singlet extension of MSSM

Using the latest PandaX limits on the light dark matter(DM) with a light mediator, we check their implication on the parameter space of the general singlet extension of MSSM(without Z3 symmetry), which can have a sufficient DM self-interaction to solve the small-scale structure problem. We find that the PandaX limits can tightly constrain the parameter space, depending on the coupling λ between the singlet and doublet Higgs fields. For the singlet extension of MSSM with Z3 symmetry, the so-called NMSSM, we also demonstrate the PandaX constraints on its parameter space, which gives a light DM with the correct relic density but without sufficient self-interaction to solve the small-scale structure problem. We find that in NMSSM, the GeV dark matter with a sub-GeV mediator is tightly constrained.

Research on the phase space of three-and four-body final states processes

Analytical formulae for the phase space factors and three-momenta of three-and four-body final states are derived for all sets of independent kinematic variables containing invariant mass variables.These formulae will help experimental physicists to perform data analysis.As an example,we show how to use these formulae to distinguish the different mechanisms of the e+p→e+J/ψ+p process when searching the signals of P_(c) states in the energy region of the Electron-Ion collider at China(EicC).

New insight into the exotic states strongly coupled with the DD^(*)from the T_(cc)^(+)

We have investigated the internal structure of the open-and hidden-charmed(DD^(*)/DD^(*))molecules in the unified framework.We first fit the experimental lineshape of the Tt state and extract the DD^(*)interaction,from which the T is assumed to arise solely.Then we obtain the DD^(*)interaction by charge conjugation.Our results show that the DD*interaction is attractive but insufficient to form X(3872)as a bound state.Instead,its formation requires the crucial involvement of the coupled channel effect between the DD^(*)and cc components,although the cc accounts for approximately 1%only.Besides X(3872),we have obtained a higher-energy state around 3957.9 MeV with a width of 16.7 MeV,which may be a potential candidate for the X(3940).In J^(PC)=1^(+-)sector,we have found two states related to the iso-scalar X(3872)and h_(c)(2P),respectively.Our combined study provides valuable insights into the nature of these DD^(+)/DD^(+)exotic states.