Multimodal abnormalities of brain structures in adolescents and young adults with major depressive disorder:An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)in adolescents and young adults contributes significantly to global morbidity,with inconsistent findings on brain structural changes from structural magnetic resonance imaging studies.Activation likeli-hood estimation(ALE)offers a method to synthesize these diverse findings and identify consistent brain anomalies.METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for neuroi-maging studies on MDD among adolescents and young adults published up to November 19,2023.Two independent researchers performed the study selection,quality assessment,and data extraction.The ALE technique was employed to synthesize findings on localized brain function anomalies in MDD patients,which was supplemented by sensitivity analyses.RESULTS Twenty-two studies comprising fourteen diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)studies and eight voxel-based morphome-try(VBM)studies,and involving 451 MDD patients and 465 healthy controls(HCs)for DTI and 664 MDD patients and 946 HCs for VBM,were included.DTI-based ALE demonstrated significant reductions in fractional anisotropy(FA)values in the right caudate head,right insula,and right lentiform nucleus putamen in adolescents and young adults with MDD compared to HCs,with no regions exhibiting increased FA values.VBM-based ALE did not demonstrate significant alterations in gray matter volume.Sensitivity analyses highlighted consistent findings in the right caudate head(11 of 14 analyses),right insula(10 of 14 analyses),and right lentiform nucleus putamen(11 of 14 analyses).CONCLUSION Structural alterations in the right caudate head,right insula,and right lentiform nucleus putamen in young MDD patients may contribute to its recurrent nature,offering insights for targeted therapies.

Vulnerable brain regions in adolescent major depressive disorder:A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Adolescent major depressive disorder(MDD)is a significant mental health concern that often leads to recurrent depression in adulthood.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)offers unique insights into the neural mechanisms underlying this condition.However,despite previous research,the specific vulnerable brain regions affected in adolescent MDD patients have not been fully elucidated.AIM To identify consistent vulnerable brain regions in adolescent MDD patients using rs-fMRI and activation likelihood estimation(ALE)meta-analysis.METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search through July 12,2023,for studies investigating brain functional changes in adolescent MDD patients.We utilized regional homogeneity(ReHo),amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(ALFF)and fractional ALFF(fALFF)analyses.We compared the regions of aberrant spontaneous neural activity in adolescents with MDD vs healthy controls(HCs)using ALE.RESULTS Ten studies(369 adolescent MDD patients and 313 HCs)were included.Combining the ReHo and ALFF/fALFF data,the results revealed that the activity in the right cuneus and left precuneus was lower in the adolescent MDD patients than in the HCs(voxel size:648 mm3,P<0.05),and no brain region exhibited increased activity.Based on the ALFF data,we found decreased activity in the right cuneus and left precuneus in adolescent MDD patients(voxel size:736 mm3,P<0.05),with no regions exhibiting increased activity.CONCLUSION Through ALE meta-analysis,we consistently identified the right cuneus and left precuneus as vulnerable brain regions in adolescent MDD patients,increasing our understanding of the neuropathology of affected adolescents.

Alterations of sleep deprivation on brain function:A coordinatebased resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging metaanalysis

BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation is a prevalent issue that impacts cognitive function.Although numerous neuroimaging studies have explored the neural correlates of sleep loss,inconsistencies persist in the reported results,necessitating an investigation into the consistent brain functional changes resulting from sleep loss.AIM To establish the consistency of brain functional alterations associated with sleep deprivation through systematic searches of neuroimaging databases.Two metaanalytic methods,signed differential mapping(SDM)and activation likelihood estimation(ALE),were employed to analyze functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)data.METHODS A systematic search performed according to PRISMA guidelines was conducted across multiple databases through July 29,2023.Studies that met specific inclusion criteria,focused on healthy subjects with acute sleep deprivation and reported whole-brain functional data in English were considered.A total of 21 studies were selected for SDM and ALE meta-analyses.RESULTS Twenty-one studies,including 23 experiments and 498 subjects,were included.Compared to pre-sleep deprivation,post-sleep deprivation brain function was associated with increased gray matter in the right corpus callosum and decreased activity in the left medial frontal gyrus and left inferior parietal lobule.SDM revealed increased brain functional activity in the left striatum and right central posterior gyrus and decreased activity in the right cerebellar gyrus,left middle frontal gyrus,corpus callosum,and right cuneus.CONCLUSION This meta-analysis consistently identified brain regions affected by sleep deprivation,notably the left medial frontal gyrus and corpus callosum,shedding light on the neuropathology of sleep deprivation and offering insights into its neurological impact.

Low preoperative skeletal muscle index increases the risk of mortality among resectable pancreatic cancer patients:A retrospective study

BACKGROUND The only potential curative treatment for patients with pancreatic cancer is surgery;however,the prognosis remains poor.Measures of body composition based on computed tomography(CT)have been established as a reliable predictor of the prognosis of cancer patients after surgery.AIM To elucidate the associations of body composition measures derived from preoperative CT scans with the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.METHODS One hundred fifteen patients undergoing pancreatic resection with curative intent for pancreatic cancer were retrospectively enrolled.A preoperative CT scan at the third lumbar vertebral level was performed to measure the skeletal muscle index(SMI),mean skeletal muscle radiodensity,subcutaneous adipose tissue index,and visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio.The clinical and pathological data were collected.The effects of these factors on long-term survival were evaluated.RESULTS Among the five body composition measures,only low SMI independently predicted overall survival(OS)[hazard ratio(HR):2.307;95%confidence interval(CI):1.210-4.402]and recurrence-free survival(HR:1.907;95%CI:1.147-3.171).Furthermore,patients with low SMI(vs high SMI)were older(68.8±9.3 years vs 63.3±8.4 years);low SMI was present in 27 of 56 patients(48.2%)aged 65 years and older and in 11 of 59 younger patients(18.6%).In addition,subgroup analyses revealed that the correlation between low SMI and OS was observed only in patients aged 65 years and older.CONCLUSION Low preoperative SMI was more prevalent in elderly patients and was associated with a poor prognosis among pancreatic cancer patients,especially elderly patients.

Prospective study of light dark matter search with a newly proposed DarkSHINE experiment

Dark photons have been well motivated as strong candidates for dark force carriers and light dark matter in the sub-GeV mass range.Compared with collider experiments,fixed-target experiments provide a complementary approach to searching for dark photons,particularly in the lower mass range.We have studied the physics potential of the electron-on-target experiment based on the Shanghai SHINE facility,which provides 10 MHz single electron beam at 8 GeV energy.This analysis focuses on dark photons being produced via electron and nucleon interaction and then decays to dark matter candidates,which escape detection as missing momentum in the detector.This experiment takes advantage of using missing momentum to enhance signal versus background separation power.In this study,signal samples as a function of dark photon mass and an inclusive background sample with 2.5 billion events are simulated with GEANT4.For better background estimates,major rare background processes have also been simulated.This paper presents the experiment and detector design,signal and background simulations,analysis strategy,and the prospective study of the experiment sensitivity.With 9×10^(14) electron-on-target events(about three years running),this experiment is expected to rule out most of the sensitive regions predicted by popular dark photon models.

Surgical treatment of abnormal systemic artery to the left lower lobe: A case report

BACKGROUND Abnormal systemic artery to the left lower lobe is a rare congenital abnormality characterized by anomalous communication between the systemic and pulmonary circulation.Owing to its rarity,there is limited clinical experience with respect to the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.CASE SUMMARY We report a 60-year-old man who presented with a history of hemoptysis for 20 d.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the chest confirmed the diagnosis of abnormal systemic artery to the left lower lobe,and surgical treatment was performed.The aberrant artery arising from the descending thoracic aorta was ligated,followed by removal of the left lower lobe.The patient showed good recovery and was discharged 6 d after the surgery.At the 1-year follow-up,the patient had recovered completely,and lung CT showed no abnormal findings.CONCLUSION We present a case of abnormal systemic artery to the left lower lobe that was successfully managed by surgical resection of the aberrant artery and the left lower lobe.This case report adds to the clinical experience of diagnosing and treating this rare entity.

Elucidation of Immune Regulation Mechanism of Renshen Guben Oral Liquid by Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of Renshen Guben oral liquid(RSGB)enhancing immune function.Materials and Methods:Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to intuitively demonstrate the mechanism of immune regulation of RSGB.Results:A total of 112 active compounds of RSGB were found,and 501 targets were predicted.Furthermore,2974 immune targets were obtained from UniProt and NCBI Gene databases,and 111 common targets of RSGB and immunity were obtained.Among them,interleukin(IL)6,tumor necrosis factor,AKT1,VEGFA,STAT3,MAPK1,SRC,EGFR,IL1B,and PTGS2 might be the key targets for RSGB to improve immunity.ClueGO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the immunoregulatory mechanism of RSGB may find a relation with the B cell receptor signaling pathway and T cell receptor signaling pathway.Furthermore,this study preliminarily explored the mechanism of RSGB improving menopausal syndrome,polycystic ovary syndrome,and cancer-related fatigue by enhancing immunity.Conclusions:RSGB can improve the body's immunity through multicomponent,multitarget,and multipathway.In addition,RSGB can also improve the immune capacity of the body to assist in the treatment of diseases,which has great potential as an immunomodulator.

Diacylglycerol Compounds from Barks of Betula platyphylla with Inhibitory Activity against Acyltransferase

Objective To identify the active compounds from the barks of Betula platyphylla for inhibitory on diacylglycerol acyltransferase（DGAT1）.Methods Bioassay-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of DGAT1 inhibitory activity of lupane triterpenes.Results Ten compounds were identified as lupenone（1）,lupeol（2）,betulinic acid（3）,betulinaldehyde（4）,betulin（5）,3-deoxybetulonic acid（6）,glochidonol（7）,lup-20/29-ene-1β/3β-diol（8）,3α-hydroxy-lup-20（29）-en-23,28-dioic acid（9）,and 3α,11α-dihydroxy-23-oxo-lup-20（29）-en-28-oic acid（10）.Compounds 3-6,9,and 10 inhibited DGAT1 with IC50 values ranging from（11.2±0.3）to（38.6±1.2）μmol/L.Conclusion Compounds 6,9,and 10 are first isolated from the barks of B.platyphylla.,and compounds 3-6,9,and 10 from the barks of B.platyphylla are responsible for the inhibition on DGAT1.

Interventional treatment experience in multiple injury with major abdominal or pelvic injuries： 160 cases analysis

Purpose： To observe the therapeutic effect of interventional embolization and haemorrhage control in multiple trauma patients with a major abdominal or pelvic injury. Methods： Data of 160 multiple trauma patients with a major abdominal or pelvic injury were retro- spectively analyzed. They were admitted into the Department of Emergency of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College from October 2013 to April 2016. Eighty-seven patients who received emergent intervention for embolization and haemorrhage control were set as group A, including 72 males and 15 females, with an average age of （39.32 ±14.0） years. Patients underwent emergent intervention for embolization and hemostasis. The other 73 patients who received traditional surgeries were set as group B, including 62 males and 11 females, with an average age of （38.48 ± 13.12） years. The time from admission to emergency intervention, the time of interventional embolization, transfusion during hospitalization, length of stay and prognosis were observed. The whole treatment and prognosis were compared between group A and group B. Results： In group A, the average time from admission to intervention exploration was （132.05 ± 86.80） min, the average operation time was （149 ± 49.69） min, the average hospitalization time was （18.37±4.71 ） days, the average amount of RBC transfusion during hospitalization was （Z2 ± 4.33） units, and the mortality was 4.60% （4 patients died）. The corresponding data in group B were respectively （138.95± 82.49） min, （183 ± 52.39） min, （22.72 ± 6.63） days, （12.23 ± 5.43） units, and 9.59% （7 cases died）. There was no statistical difference in the time from admission to operation between the two groups （p 〉 0.05）, but there was statistical difference in operation time, RBC transfusion, hospitalization time, prognosis, and mortality between the two groups （all p 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： The emergent intervention for embolization and haemorrhage control of multiple trauma patients with a major abdominal or pelvic injury and visceral organ haemorrhage has the advantages of less trauma, shorter operation time, shorter hospital stay, less blood transfusion in comparison to the traditional emergency surgeries.