双辊薄带连铸凝固过程中柱状晶向等轴晶转变的广义稳定性判据

为促进柱状晶向等轴晶转变(CET)获得均匀的等轴晶,大多数有效的理论聚焦于生长而忽略了形核的影响。为此,构建耦合细化剂异质形核和枝晶生长的理论框架,采用考虑双辊薄带连铸(VTC)凝固过程中热力学驱动力(?G)和动力学能垒(Q)的广义稳定性(GS)新概念,研究CET位置、晶粒半径和力学性能。细化剂的加入,尤其是Al-5Ti-1B细化剂,通过增加形核的?G和生长的GS使晶粒半径细化到19μm,柱状枝晶的厚度增大到5~6 mm,同时提高强度和塑性。遵循高?G-高GS准则,细化剂直径优化为0.3μm。

Small Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Peri-urethral Tissues Regulate Fibroblast Function and Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence

Objective:This study aimed to explore the existence of small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)in peri-urethral tissues and the role of abnormal expression of sEVs in the pathogenesis of female stress urinary incontinence(SUI).Methods:sEVs were extracted from peri-urethral vaginal wall tissues using differential centrifugation and were observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The number of sEVs and their protein contents were compared between SUI and control groups using nanoparticle tracking analysis(NTA)and bicinchoninic acid(BCA)protein assay.Fibroblasts were cultured separately with SUI(SsEVs group)and normal tissue sEVs(NsEVs group).Proliferation and migration of fibroblasts were compared between groups using CCK-8 and wound healing assays,respectively.Expression levels of collagenⅠandⅢwere compared among blank control(BC),NsEVs,and SsEVs groups using real-time PCR.Protein mass spectrometry was used to test the differentially expressed proteins contained in sEVs between groups.Results:sEVs were extracted and found under the electron microscope.There were significantly more sEVs extracted from the SUI group compared to the normal group.Fibroblasts showed increased proliferative and decreased migratory abilities,and expressed more collagen in the SsEVs group compared to the NsEVs and BC groups.Protein spectrum analysis demonstrated several differentially expressed targets,including components of microfibrils,elastin polymer,and anti-inflammatory factors.Conclusion:sEVs were detected in the peri-urethral tissues.SUI tissues expressed more sEVs than control.The abnormal expression of sEVs and their protein contents may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of SUI.

Neuraxial adjuvants for prevention of perioperative shivering during cesarean section: A network meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines

BACKGROUND Perioperative shivering is clinically common during cesarean sections under neuraxial anesthesia,and several neuraxial adjuvants are reported to have preventive effects on it.However,the results of current studies are controversial and the effects of these neuraxial adjuvants remain unclear.AIM To evaluate the effects of neuraxial adjuvants on perioperative shivering during cesarean sections,thus providing an optimal choice for clinical application.METHODS A systematic review and network meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis) guidelines.Analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 14.0.We searched PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,and Cochrane Central databases for eligible clinical trials assessing the effects of neuraxial adjuvants on perioperative shivering and other adverse events during cesarean sections.Perioperative shivering was defined as the primary endpoint,and nausea,vomiting,pruritus,hypotension,and bradycardia were the secondary outcomes.RESULTS Twenty-six studies using 9 neuraxial adjuvants for obstetric anesthesia during caesarean sections were included.The results showed that,compared with placebo,pethidine,fentanyl,dexmedetomidine,and sufentanil significantly reduced the incidence of perioperative shivering.Among the four neuraxial adjuvants,pethidine was the most effective one for shivering prevention (OR = 0.15,95%CI: 0.07-0.35,surface under the cumulative ranking curve 83.9),but with a high incidence of nausea (OR = 3.15,95%CI: 1.04-9.57) and vomiting (OR = 3.71,95%CI: 1.81-7.58).The efficacy of fentanyl for shivering prevention was slightly inferior to pethidine (OR = 0.20,95%CI: 0.09-0.43),however,it significantly decreased the incidence of nausea (OR = 0.34,95%CI: 0.15-0.79) and vomiting (OR = 0.25,95%CI: 0.11-0.56).In addition,compared with sufentanil,fentanyl showed no impact on haemodynamic stability and the incidence of pruritus.CONCLUSION Pethidine,fentanyl,dexmedetomidine,and sufentanil appear to be effective for preventing perioperative shivering in puerperae undergoing cesarean sections.Considering the risk-benefit profiles of the included neuraxial adjuvants,fentanyl is probably the optimal choice.

Functional graphene oxide nanosheets modified with cyclodextrins for removal of Bisphenol A from water

A novel type of functional graphene oxide nanosheets(GNs)modified with b-cyclodextrins(b-CDs)have been developed by coating dopamine-functionalized cyclodextrin(DACD)molecules on GNs for removing Bisphenol A(BPA)molecules from water.The DACD molecules with both b-CD groups for achieving adsorption property and dopamine(DA)groups for achieving adhesion property are synthesized by grafting DA onto carboxymethyl-b-cyclodextrin(CmbCD).The proposed DACD molecules can be firmly coated on the surfaces of various inorganic and organic substrates.Due to the large specific surface area of GNs,DACD-coated GNs(DACD@GNs)are proposed for efficient adsorption separation of BPA molecules from water.Due to the host-gust complexation between the BPA molecules in water and b-CDs on DACD@GNs,the fabricated DACD@GNs exhibit excellent adsorption performances.The adsorption kinetics can be explained via the pseudo-second-order model effectively.The experimental adsorption capacity of DACD@GNs is 11.29 mg·g^(-1) for BPA.Furthermore,after the adsorption process,the DACD@GNs can be easily separated from aqueous solutions via vacuum filtration with porous membranes,and then regenerated by simply washing with ethanol.The proposed strategy in this study can be used for effectively functionalizing the surfaces of various substrates with functional b-CDs,which is highly promising in applications in the field of adsorption separations,especially water treatments.

Mechanism of"Radix clematidis-impatientis semen"in the treatment of esophageal cancer based on network pharmacology

Objective:To explore the mechanism of“Radix clematidis-Impatientis semen”in the treatment of esophageal cancer based on network pharmacology.Methods:The active components of Radix clematidis and Impatientis semen were searched and selected through the TCMSP database,and supplemented with the literature,the targets of active components were predicted by Swiss Target Prediction platform.The main targets of esophageal cancer were obtained by Genecards,TTD and DisGeNet databases,and the key targets of“Radix clematidis-Impatientis semen”for the treatment of esophageal cancer were obtained by using Venn diagram analysis.The"drug-active ingredient-disease-target"network of“Radix clematidis-Impatientis semen”in the treatment of esophageal cancer was constructed with the help of Cytoscape3.7.2,and the key target PPI network was constructed by using STRING platform and Cytoscape software to find the core target.Metascape platform was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of key targets,and the network diagram of"active componenttarget-pathway"was drawn.Results:There were 17 active components such as quercetin,kaempferol,3-epioleanolic acid and oleanolic acid in“Radix clematidis-Impatientis semen”,corresponding to 379 drug targets.178targets were obtained by mapping with 2396 disease targets of esophageal cancer,including PIK3CA,PIK3R1,SRC,MAPK1,MAPK3 and so on.KEGG enrichment analysis mainly involved PI3K-Akt,Rap1,Ras,VEGF signaling pathways,etc.Conclusion:This study preliminarily discusses the potential mechanism of“Radix clematidis-Impatientis semen”in the treatment of esophageal cancer,which provides a basis and new thought for further experimental research.

Study on the mechanism of“Salvia chinensis and Radix Ranunculi Ternati”drug pair in the treatment of lung cancer

Objective:To explore the molecular biological mechanism of the"salvia chinensis and radix ranunculi ternati"drug pair in the treatment of lung cancer based on network pharmacology.Methods:Searching the TCMSP database and previous literatures to screen the active compounds which resist lung cancer activity in salvia chinensis and radix ranunculi ternati.The candidate compounds were unified in the DrugBank to find the corresponding drug targets which were corrected to the standard gene names by the UniProt database.The Swiss Target Prediction platform was used to predict other targets.Searching GeneCards,OMIM and DrugBank to obtain genes related to lung cancer.After taking the intersection,the candidate gene target of drug pair in the treatment of lung cancer could be obtained.The"herbs-compounds-targets-disease"network was bulit with Cytoscape,and the PPI network was bulit on the STRING platform while the core network nodes were screened.GO and KEGG analysis on candidate genes was implemented through Metacape platform,and a"pathways-targets"network was bulit to further screen key genes.Results:A total of 16 active compounds in salvia chinensis,18 active compounds in radix ranunculi ternati,164 candidate targets,2443 GO functions and 170 KEGG pathways was obtained.Conclusion:The effective compounds of"salvia chinensis and radix ranunculi ternati"drug pair in the treatment of lung cancer are quercetin,ursolic acid,β-sitosterol and caffeic acid.The key targets are MAPK1,AKT1,PIK3R1,RAF1 and EGFR.GO functions mainly include cytokines,oxidative stress,plasma membrane transmission,protein kinase binding and activity,apoptosis.KEGG could directly regulate pathways in cancer,non-small cells lung cancer pathway and small cell lung cancer pathway.KEGG also involves EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance,IL-17,TNF,PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and apoptosis.This study reveals the molecular biological mechanism of"salvia chinensis and radix ranunculi ternati"drug pair in the treatment of lung cancer.It is reasoned that its potential targets affect multiple signaling pathways and ultimately resist the proliferation,differentiation,invasion,metastasis and promote apoptosis of lung cancer cells.Evidence for further experimental study is provided by this study.

L-Type Calcium Channel Modulates Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound-Induced Excitation in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons

As a noninvasive technique,ultrasound stimulation is known to modulate neuronal activity both in vitro and in vivo.The latest explanation of this phenomenon is that the acoustic wave can activate the ion channels and further impact the electrophysiological properties of targeted neurons.However,the underlying mechanism of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS)-induced neuro-modulation effects is still unclear.Here,we characterize the excitatory effects of LIPUS on spontaneous activity and the intracellular Ca^(2+)homeostasis in cultured hippocampal neurons.By whole-cell patch clamp recording,we found that 15 min of 1-MHz LIPUS boosts the frequency of both spontaneous action potentials and spontaneous excitatory synaptic currents(sEPSCs)and also increases the amplitude of sEPSCs in hippocampal neurons.This phenomenon lasts for>10 min after LIPUS exposure.Together with Ca^(2+)imaging,we clarified that LIPUS increases the[Ca^(2+)]cyto level by facilitating L-type Ca^(2+)channels(LTCCs).In addition,due to the[Ca^(2+)]cyto elevation by LIPUS exposure,the Ca^(2+)-dependent CaMKII-CREB pathway can be activated within 30 min to further regulate the gene transcription and protein expression.Our work suggests that LIPUS regulates neuronal activity in a Ca^(2+)-dependent manner via LTCCs.This may also explain the multi-activation effects of LIPUS beyond neurons.LIPUS stimulation potentiates spontaneous neuronal activity by increasing Ca^(2+)influx.

UV-triggered Polymerization of Polyelectrolyte Composite Coating with Pore Formation and Lubricant Infusion

Porous coatings with the features of muti-interfaces and high specific surface area have emerged as an excellent material platform for the manipulation of porous structures.Layer-by-layer(Lb L)assembly technique has been widely used in preparing porous polyelectrolyte coatings.However,the efficient construction of stable film from the Lb L technique is still a question.Herein,we reported a new solution to construct a stabilized polyelectrolyte coating with porous structures.Inspired by the mechanical reinforcement of double-network hydrogel,we constructed the poly(ethylenimine)(PEI)/poly(acrylic acid)(PAA)coating by in situ photopolymerization of acrylic acid in the PEI network instead of assembling PEI and PAA.Compared with the Lb L films,the in situ polymerized coating kept higher stability after 30 iterations of friction.Porous structures could also be constructed after acid treatment,which was utilized to load lubricant to enhance the lubricating property of the coating.This work provides a new method for the construction of dynamic and stable polyelectrolyte coatings,expediting more development of practical applications.