Sepsis-associated liver injury:Mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets

In this editorial,we examined a recent article in the World Journal of Gastroenterology that focused on sepsis-associated liver injury(SLI)and its treatment.SLI is a serious complication of sepsis,primarily caused by microcirculatory disturbances,the gut-liver axis,and inflammatory responses.Specific treatment recommendations for SLI are lacking.The gut-liver axis represents a potential therapeutic target,with metformin showing promise in modulating the gut microbiome and enhancing intestinal barrier function.Although immunomodulatory therapies are being explored,anti-tumor necrosis factor agents and interleukin-1 receptor antagonists have not demonstrated significant clinical benefits.Statins may reduce liver inflammation and prevent injury in sepsis,but their clinical application is limited.Reduced D-related human leucocyte antigen expression on monocytes and lymphocytes suggests immune suppression in patients,indicating that corticosteroids could reverse clinical deterioration in severe infections and address adrenal cortical insufficiency.Current large-scale studies on glucocorticoid therapy for sepsis have yielded mixed results,likely due to inadequate assessment of the immune status of the host.Future research should prioritize the development of personalized immunotherapy tailored to patients’immune profiles,focusing on identifying novel indicators of immune status and advancing immunomodulatory targets and therapeutics for septic patients.

Growth and physical characterization of high resistivityFe:β-Ga2O3 crystals

High quality 0.02 mol%,0.05 mol%,and 0.08 mol%Fe:β-Ga2O3 single crystals were grown by the floating zone method.The crystal structure,optical,electrical,and thermal properties were measured and discussed.Fe:β-Ga2O3 single crystals showed transmittance of higher than 80%in the near infrared region.With the increase of the Fe doping concentration,the optical bandgaps reduced and room temperature resistivity increased.The resistivity of 0.08 mol%Fe:β-Ga2O3 crystal reached to 3.63×1011Ω·cm.The high resistivity Fe:β-Ga2O3 single crystals could be applied as the substrate for the high-power field effect transistors(FETs).

Magnetic resonance imaging features of intrahepatic extramedullary hematopoiesis: Three case reports

BACKGROUND Extramedullary hematopoiesis rarely occurs within the liver alone,and is easily misdiagnosed.The radiological literature on this disease is exclusively case reports.There is a paucity of literature on the role of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).The most common imaging modalities used are computed tomography and ultrasound.This report aims to provide more data on the appearance of extramedullary hematopoiesis using MRI to help radiologists establish the diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY Three patients(one male and two females)were incidentally found to have a hepatic mass or nodule,without hepatomegaly or splenomegaly.Laboratory tests including liver function,serum hepatic tumor markers,and hepatitis serologic markers were normal.On MRI scans,all lesions showed lower signal intensity on in-phase images than on out-phase images.One case showed changes in signal intensity on T2 weighted images(WI)and diffusion WI,which shifted from hyperintensity to hypointensity with size enlargement between two rounds of imaging examination.These lesions exhibited different enhancement patterns on dynamic contrast enhancement series.CONCLUSION The MRI signal change and in-/out-phase image might provide useful information and help radiologists establish the diagnosis of intrahepatic extramedullary hematopoiesis.

Recent advances in natural compounds inducing non-apoptotic cell death for anticancer drug resistance

The induction of cell death is recognized as a potent strategy for cancer treatment.Apoptosis is an extensively studied form of cell death,and multiple anticancer drugs exert their therapeutic effects by inducing it.Nonetheless,apoptosis evasion is a hallmark of cancer,rendering cancer cells resistant to chemotherapy drugs.Consequently,there is a growing interest in exploring novel non-apoptotic forms of cell death,such as ferroptosis,necroptosis,pyroptosis,and paraptosis.Natural compounds with anticancer properties have garnered significant attention due to their advantages,including a reduced risk of drug resistance.Over the past two decades,numerous natural compounds have been discovered to exert anticancer and anti-resistance effects by triggering these four non-apoptotic cell death mechanisms.This review primarily focuses on these four non-apoptotic cell death mechanisms and their recent advancements in overcoming drug resistance in cancer treatment.Meanwhile,it highlights the role of natural compounds in effectively addressing cancer drug resistance through the induction of these forms of non-apoptoticcell death.

The role of radical prostatectomy and definitive external beam radiotherapy in combined treatment for high-risk prostate cancer:a systematic review and meta-analysis

The first-line treatment options for high-risk prostate cancer(PCa)are definitive external beam radiotherapy(EBRT)with or without androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)and radical prostatectomy(RP)with or without adjuvant therapies.However,few randomized trials have compared the survival outcomes of these two treatments.To systematically evaluate the survival outcomes of high-risk PCa patients treated with EBRT-or RP-based therapy,a comprehensive and up-to-date meta-analysis was performed.A systematic online search was conducted for randomized or observational studies that investigated biochemical relapse-free survival(bRFS),cancer-specific survival(CSS),and/or overall survival(OS),in relation to the use of RP or EBRT in patients with high-risk PCa.The summary hazard ratios(HRs)were estimated under the random effects models.We identified heterogeneity between studies using Q tests and measured it using I2 statistics.We evaluated publication bias using funnel plots and Egger's regression asymmetry tests.Seventeen studies(including one randomized controlled trial[RCT])of low risk of bias were selected and up to 9504 patients were pooled.When comparing EBRT-based treatment with RP-based treatment,the pooled HRs for bRFS,CSS,and OS were 0.40(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.24–0.67),1.36(95%CI:0.94–1.97),and 1.39(95%CI:1.18–1.62),respectively.Better OS for RP-based treatment and better bRFS for EBRT-based treatment have been identified,and there was no significant difference in CSS between the two treatments.RP-based treatment is recommended for high-risk PCa patients who value long-term survival,and EBRT-based treatment might be a promising alternative for elderly patients.