Limited Sea Surface Temperature Cooling Due to the Barrier Layer Promoting Super Typhoon Mangkhut(2018)

This study investigates the impact of the salinity barrier layer(BL)on the upper ocean response to Super Typhoon Mangkhut(2018)in the western North Pacific.After the passage of Mangkhut,a noticeable increase(~0.6 psu)in sea surface salinity and a weak decrease(<1℃)in sea surface temperature(SST)were observed on the right side of the typhoon track.Mangkhut-induced SST change can be divided into the three stages,corresponding to the variations in BL thickness and SST before,during,and after the passage of Mangkhut.During the pre-typhoon stage,SST slightly warmed due to the entrainment of BL warm water,which suppressed the cooling induced by surface heat fluxes and horizontal advection.During the forced stage,SST cooling was controlled by entrainment,and the preexisting BL reduced the total cooling by 0.89℃ d-1,thus significantly weakening the overall SST cooling induced by Mangkhut.During the relaxation stage,the SST cooling was primarily caused by the entrainment.Our results indicate that a preexisting BL can limit typhoon-induced SST cooling by suppressing the entrainment of cold thermocline water,which contributed to Mangkhut becoming the strongest typhoon in 2018.

Regulation of drug release performance using mixed doxorubicin-doxorubicin dimer nanoparticles as a pH-triggered drug self-delivery system

A mixed drug self-delivery system(DSDS)with high drug content(>50%)was developed to regulate pHtriggered drug release,based on two doxorubicin(DOX)-DOX dimmers:D-DOX_(ADH) and D-DOX_(car) conjugated with acid-labile dynamic covalent bonds(hydrazone and carbamate,respectively)and stabilized with PEGylated D-DOX_(ADH)(D-DOX_(ADH)-PEG).Owing to the different stability of the dynamic covalent bonds in the two dimers and the noncovalent interaction between them,pH-triggered drug release could be easily regulated by adjusting the feeding ratios of the two DOX-DOX dimers in the mixed DSDS.Similar in vitro cellular toxicity was achieved with the mixed DSDS nanoparticles prepared with different feeding ratios.The mixed DSDS nanoparticles had a similar DOX content and diameter but different drug releasing rates.The MTT assays revealed that a high anti-tumor efficacy could be achieved with the slowrelease mixed DSDS nanoparticles.

不同胸外科医生主刀进行肺癌手术的患者生存差异分析

背景与目的外科医生是肺癌患者手术治疗的直接决策者和执行者,是否医生间的差异会影响到患者生存尚不清楚。本研究分析不同的胸外科医生手术治疗的患者5年生存率,评估医生的影响和作用。方法回顾性分析2002年-2007年5年间,在中国医学科学院肿瘤医院胸外科进行手术治疗的肺癌患者。依据不同主刀医生进行分组,比较患者基本信息、手术方式、短期结果和长期生存之间的差异。结果共有11位经验丰富的胸外科医生主刀治疗的712例患者纳入本研究。各位医生诊治患者的性别、年龄、吸烟、病理类型间无明显差异。而在临床分期、手术方式、手术时间、术中输血率、淋巴结清扫个数和姑息性切除比例、术后严重并发症发生率、围手术期死亡率等方面都存在显著差异。不同医生治疗患者5年生存率存在显著差异,这种差异在各临床期别分析中均可见到,具有一致性。多因素分析中提示主刀医生是影响患者预后生存的独立因素。结论主刀医生对于肺癌患者的治疗效果存在显著影响。

Metal-to-ligand charge transfer chirality-based sensing of mercury ions

Chiral ligand conjugated transition metal oxide nanoparticles(NPs) are a promising platform for chiral recognition, biochemical sensing, and chiroptics. Herein, we present chirality-based strategy for effective sensing of mercury ions via ligand-induced chirality derived from metal-to-ligand charge transfer(MLCT) effects. The ligand competition effect between molybdenum and heavy metal ions such as mercury is designated to be essential for MLCT chirality. With this know-how, mercury ions, which have a larger stability constant(Kf) than molybdenum, can be selectively identified and quantified with a limit of detection(LOD) of 0.08 and 0.12 nmol/L for D-cysteine and L-cysteine(Cys) capped Mo O2 NPs. Such chiral chemical sensing nanosystems would be an ideal prototype for biochemical sensing with a significant impact on the field of biosensing, biological systems,and water research-based nanotoxicology.

C-Aryl Glycosylation via Interrupted Pummerer Rearrangement

C-aryl glycosides are an important kind of carbohydrate derivatives for drug discovery,due to their distinctive attributes of resistance to hydrolysis from enzymes.Herein,C-aryl glycosylation was established for the synthesis of 2-sulfur C-aryl glycals and 1,2-dihydrobenzofuran-fused C-aryl glycosides via interrupted Pummerer process,featured with sulfonium-tethered[3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement between sulfoxide glycals and phenols.This protocol offers a broad substrate scope with diverse glycosyl and phenols.Dapagliflozin,Empagliflozin,and Ipragliflozin analogs were straightforward achieved,respectively.

The combination of novel immune checkpoints HHLA2 and ICOSLG:A new system to predict survival and immune features in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Studies on immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting B7-CD28 family pathways in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)have shown promising results.However,a comprehensive understanding of B7-CD28 family members in ESCC is still limited.This study aimed to construct a novel B7-CD28 family-based prognosis system to predict survival in patients with ESCC.We collected 179 cases from our previously published microarray data and 86 cases with qPCR data.Specifically,119 microarray data(GSE53624)were used as a training set,whereas the remaining 60 microarray data(GSE53622),all 179 microarray data(GSE53625)and an independent cohort with 86 qPCR data were used for validation.The underlying mechanism and immune landscape of the system were also explored using bioinformatics and immunofluorescence.We examined 13 well-defined B7-CD28 family members and identified 2 genes(ICSOLG and HHLA2)with the greatest prognostic value.A system based on the combination HHLA2 and ICOSLG(B7-CD28 signature)was constructed to distinguish patients as high-or low-risk of an unfavorable outcome,which was further confirmed as an independent prognostic factor.As expected,the signature was well validated in the entire cohort and in the independent cohort,as well as in different clinical subgroups.The signature was found to be closely related to immune-specific biological processes and pathways.Additionally,high-risk group samples demonstrated high infiltration of Tregs and fibroblasts and distinctive immune checkpoint panels.Collectively,we built the first,practical B7-CD28 signature for ESCC that could independently identify high-risk patients.Such information may help inform immunotherapy-based treatment decisions for patients with ESCC.