The osteoclastic activity in apical distal region of molar mesial roots affects orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats

The utilization of optimal orthodontic force is crucial to prevent undesirable side effects and ensure efficient tooth movement during orthodontic treatment.However,the sensitivity of existing detection techniques is not sufficient,and the criteria for evaluating optimal force have not been yet established.Here,by employing 3D finite element analysis methodology,we found that the apical distal region(A-D region)of mesial roots is particularly sensitive to orthodontic force in rats.Tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase(TRAP)-positive osteoclasts began accumulating in the A-D region under the force of 40 grams(g),leading to alveolar bone resorption and tooth movement.When the force reached 80 g,TRAP-positive osteoclasts started appearing on the root surface in the A-D region.Additionally,micro-computed tomography revealed a significant root resorption at 80 g.Notably,the A-D region was identified as a major contributor to whole root resorption.It was determined that 40 g is the minimum effective force for tooth movement with minimal side effects according to the analysis of tooth movement,inclination,and hyalinization.These findings suggest that the A-D region with its changes on the root surface is an important consideration and sensitive indicator when evaluating orthodontic forces for a rat model.Collectively,our investigations into this region would aid in offering valuable implications for preventing and minimizing root resorption during patients’orthodontic treatment.

Three-Way Behavioral Decision Making With Hesitant Fuzzy Information Systems:Survey and Challenges

Three-way decision(T-WD)theory is about thinking,problem solving,and computing in threes.Behavioral decision making(BDM)focuses on effective,cognitive,and social processes employed by humans for choosing the optimal object,of which prospect theory and regret theory are two widely used tools.The hesitant fuzzy set(HFS)captures a series of uncertainties when it is difficult to specify precise fuzzy membership grades.Guided by the principles of three-way decisions as thinking in threes and integrating these three topics together,this paper reviews and examines advances in three-way behavioral decision making(TW-BDM)with hesitant fuzzy information systems(HFIS)from the perspective of the past,present,and future.First,we provide a brief historical account of the three topics and present basic formulations.Second,we summarize the latest development trends and examine a number of basic issues,such as one-sidedness of reference points and subjective randomness for result values,and then report the results of a comparative analysis of existing methods.Finally,we point out key challenges and future research directions.

Is Mg_(17)Al_(12) ductile or brittle?A theoretical insight

The Mg_(17)Al_(12)-phase,which is common and important in Mg-Al alloy,has long been regarded as a brittle phase in experiments but theoretical calculations report controversial results.To unravel why theoretical calculations report controversial results and determine whether Mg_(17)Al_(12)is brittle or ductile,density functional theory calculations on atomic level are performed to investigate mechanic properties of Mg_(17)Al_(12)without containing alloying elements and without taking the size effect.The results showed that the parameter k-point played critical role in the DFT-based elastic calculations.The convergent G/B ratio of Mg_(17)Al_(12)was about 0.52,suggesting that the Mg_(17)Al_(12)-phase was theoretically ductile although its ductility was poor.The chemical bonding in Mg_(17)Al_(12)was the mixture of metallic Mg-Mg bond and covalent Al-Al bond.The advantage of metallic bonding over covalent bonding provided a possible explanation for the ductility of Mg_(17)Al_(12).Possible reasons for the brittleness of Mg_(17)Al_(12)in experiments are also discussed.

Comparison of protective effects of electroacupuncture and moxibustion at Zusanli(ST 36)on perinatal nicotine exposure-induced lung phenotype in rat offspring

Objective:To compare the effects of electroacupuncture(EA)and moxibustion at Zusanli(ST 36)on the lung phenotype of rat offspring exposed to nicotine during the perinatal period.Methods:Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:the control group(saline only),the model group(nicotine only),the EA group(nicotine+EA at ST 36 acupoints bilaterally),and the moxibustion group(nicotine+moxibustion at ST 36 acupoints bilaterally).n=6 rats per group.On postnatal day 21,the body weight,lung weight,and pulmonary function were determined and lung morphometry was performed.Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma andβ-catenin levels in the lung tissue of offspring were also determined.Results:Perinatal nicotine exposure(PNE)results in decreased body and lung weights of offspring rats,abnormal lung tissue morphology,and significantly altered pulmonary function,showing an increase in total airway resistance and a decrease in tidal volume,minute ventilation,total airway compliance,and peak expiratory flow.Bilateral EA at ST 36 acupoints could block all of these perinatal nicotine-induced effects.Although moxibustion also had protective effects in nicotine-induced offspring lungs,some of these effects did not reach statistical significance,e.g.,protection against the upregulation ofβ-catenin,the downregulation of PPARγsignaling,and the increase in peak expiratory flow.Conclusion:Maternal EA at ST 36 blocked the PNE-induced changes in key developmental signaling pathways,prevented the PNE-induced changes in lung morphology,and protected pulmonary function.Moxibustion at ST 36 showed similar but weaker protective effects against the PNE-induced changes in the exposed offspring.It is important to note that the mechanism underlying the protective effects of moxibustion at ST 36 may be different from those of EA at ST 36,and further research is needed to understand these differences.

纤维素纳米晶的改性对其晶体结构及性能的影响

采用硫酸水解法制备纤维素纳米晶(CNC),并对CNC进行乙酰化改性(A-CNC)、TEMPO氧化(T-CNC)、阳离子疏水改性(C-CNC)、阳离子亲水改性(E-CNC)、烷基化改性(S-CNC)、聚丙烯酸接枝改性(P-CNC),之后采用红外光谱、固态碳谱、X射线衍射分析、透射电镜、原子力显微镜、热重分析、分散性分析等表征方法研究了不同改性方法对CNC晶体结构及性能的影响。结果表明,这些改性不会对CNC晶体结构产生严重影响,依然保持棒状结构和纳米尺寸;改性后的纤维素纳米晶结晶度有不同程度的下降,其中A-CNC下降最大,达21.2%;改性后的纤维素纳米晶基本在250~350℃发生降解,而未改性的在200℃就已开始降解;不同的改性可以改变CNC在不同溶剂中的分散性,阳离子亲水改性可以显著提高纤维素纳米晶的热稳定性。

A Review on Artificial Micro/Nanomotors for Cancer-Targeted Delivery, Diagnosis, and Therapy

Micro/nanomotors have been extensively explored for efficient cancer diagnosis and therapy,as evidenced by significant breakthroughs in the design of micro/nanomotors-based intelligent and comprehensive biomedical platforms.Here,we demonstrate the recent advances of micro/nanomotors in the field of cancer-targeted delivery,diagnosis,and imaging-guided therapy,as well as the challenges and problems faced by micro/nanomotors in clinical applications.The outlook for the future development of micro/nanomotors toward clinical applications is also discussed.We hope to highlight these new advances in micro/nanomotors in the field of cancer diagnosis and therapy,with the ultimate goal of stimulating the successful exploration of intelligent micro/nanomotors for future clinical applications.

Recent progress in porous organic polymers and their application for CO_(2) capture

Carbon capture,storage,and utilization(CCSU)is recognized as an effective method to reduce the excessive emission of CO_(2).Absorption by amine aqueous solutions is considered highly efficient for CO_(2) capture from the flue gas because of the large CO_(2) capture capacity and high selectivity.However,it is often limited by the equipment corrosion and the high desorption energy consumption,and adsorption of CO_(2) using solid adsorbents has been receiving more attention in recent years due to its simplicity and high efficiency.More recently,a great number of porous organic polymers(POPs)have been designed and constructed for CO_(2) capture,and they are proven promising solid adsorbents for CO_(2) capture due to their high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)surface area(SBET),adjustable pore size and easy functionalization.In particular,they usually have rigid skeleton,permanent porosity,and good physiochemical stability.In this review,we have a detailed review for the different POPs developed in recent years,not only the design strategy,but also the special structure for CO_(2) capture.The outlook of the opportunities and challenges of the POPs is also proposed.

Associations of IFN-γ rs2430561 T/A,IL28B rs12979860 C/T and ERα rs2077647 T/C polymorphisms with outcomes of hepatitis B virus infection:a meta-analysis

Several studies investigated associations of IFN-γ rs2430561 T/A,IL28 B rs12979860 C/T and ERα rs2077647 T/C gene polymorphisms with outcomes of hepatitis B virus（HBV） infection,but the results were controversial.Therefore,we performed a meta-analysis of all published observational studies to address this inconsistency.Literature was searched in online database and a systematic review was conducted based on the search results.A total of 24 studies were included and dichotomous data were presented as odds ratio（OR） with a 95%confidence interval（CI）.The rs2430561 T allele was associated with reduced persistent HBV infection risk（T vs.A：OR,0.690;95%CI,[0.490,0.971]）,while the rs2077647 T allele significantly increased the risk of persistent HBV infection（T vs.C：OR.1.678;95%CI,[1.212,2.3231）.Rs 2077647 CC might play a role in protecting individuals against HBV persistence（TT vs.CC：OR,4.109;95%CI,[2.609,6.473]）.Furthermore,carriers of the rs2430561 TT genotype were more likely to clear HBV spontaneously compared with those of the AA genotype（TT vs.AA：OR,0.555;95%CI,[0.359,0.856]）.For rs12979860 C/T polymorphism,no significant correlation with HBV infection outcomes was found.In subgroup analyses,the results were similar to those of overall analysis.However,for rs2077647 TT vs.TC＋CC,significantly increased risks were observed in the Asian and hospital-based population,but not in the overall analysis.IFN-γrs2430561 T/A and ERα rs2077647 T/C genetic polymorphisms were associated with outcomes of HBV infection,but no association was found between IL28 B rs12979860 C/T and HBV infection.

Effects of acute salinity stress on the survival and prophenoloxidase system of Exopalaemon carinicauda

The ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda is a euryhaline shrimp species in the estuarine and coastal areas of China.In this study,survival rates,transcription levels of two prophenoloxidase system-related genes(Ec LGBP and Ecpro PO)and PO activity were determined quantitatively in juvenile and adult E.carinicauda under different salinity levels.The results showed that E.carinicauda juveniles could survive in a wider range of salinity conditions than adults.For juvenile E.carinicauda,the expression levels of Ec LGBP and Ec Pro PO were upregulated in low salinities and showed no significant difference at 20–40,while PO activities in low salinities were higher compared to those in high salinities.For adult E.carinicauda,the expression profiles of Ec LGBP and Ecpro PO had a different trend of up-regulation in salinity stress treatments and no obvious difference was observed in the gene expression levels and PO activity between 30 and 40.The salinity tolerance range of immunity for juvenile and adult E.carinicauda is 20–40 and 30–40,respectively.

High-Throughput MicroRNA and mRNA Sequencing Reveals that MicroRNAs May Be Involved in Pectinesterase-Mediated Cold Resistance in Potato

Since potato cultivars are sensitive to low temperature,cold injury severely affects the geographical distribution and yield of potato.Although some miRNAs have been identified in response to cold stress in plants,there is no report about the role of miRNAs in the response to cold stress in potato.Here,via high throughput sequencing,we described the profiling of cold stress response to miRNA and mRNA in potato.Two small RNA and six mRNA libraries were constructed and sequenced.296 known and 211 novel miRNAs were identified,in which 34 miRNAs in Cold Group(CG)had the higher expression quantity than which in Normal Group(NG)and 32 in CG had lower expression quantity than which in NG.3068 differentially expressed genes were detected between NG and CG,in which 1400 genes were up-regulated and 1668 genes were down-regulated.The metabolism pathway of starch and sucrose(ko00500)is the common KEGG pathway in differentially expressed miRNA and mRNA.In this pathway,StuPME21575 and StuPME42971 are pectinesterase which mainly catalyzes the pectin-forming pectate,which are controlled by stu-miR6023 and stu-novel-miR42365.As the potato suffering cold stress,these two miRNAs expression levels became higher,but their target genes expression levels were just opposite and this result is the same with qRT-PCR.

Peyton四步教学法在超声住院医师规范化培训颈部淋巴结分区中的应用

目的探讨Peyton四步教学法在住院医师规范化培训(以下简称"住培")颈部淋巴结超声分区带教中的教学效果。方法选取2023年9月至2024年5月安徽医科大学第二附属医院超声医学科和皖南医学院第一附属医院超声医学科共计70名住培学生,采用随机数字法将其分为传统教学组(n=35)和Peyton四步教学组(n=35)。通过技能操作、超声读图两种方式对两组学生进行考核,同时依据问卷调查对住培学生进行满意度调查。对比分析两种不同教学方法住培学生的考核成绩与问卷评分。结果考核结果显示,Peyton四步教学组技能操作成绩、超声读图成绩均高于传统教学组[(44.69±2.33)分vs(41.40±2.78)分,(44.45±2.63)分vs(42.77±2.58)分,P均<0.05]。问卷调查结果显示,Peyton四步教学组提高学习兴趣评分以及缓解考试压力评分均高于传统教学组[(4.60±0.55)分vs(3.66±0.84)分,(4.43±0.65)分vs(3.14±0.60)分],差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论Peyton四步教学法可提高住培学生在颈部淋巴结超声分区中的技能操作、超声读图成绩,激发住培学生的学习兴趣,并缓解规范化培训考试压力,可作为住培学生颈部淋巴结分区带教的有效手段,提高超声规范化培训带教的教学效果。

三维反转成像技术在BI-RADS 4类乳腺肿块应用中的初步研究

目的探讨三维反转成像技术能否提高BI-RADS 4类乳腺肿块良恶性的鉴别诊断价值,以减少不必要的活检。方法收集2021年9月至2023年6月在安徽医科大学第二附属医院经常规超声诊断为BI-RADS 4类并进行反转成像检查的243例患者的247个乳腺肿块。根据反转图像中肿块内深灰色和黑色区域的分布特征,采用半定量5分反转评分法,并以病理结果为金标准,绘制ROC曲线,对比常规超声与联合三维反转成像技术后对BI-RADS 4类乳腺肿块的诊断效能。结果常规超声鉴别BI-RADS 4类乳腺肿块良恶性的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)、准确性、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为0.841、83.8%、93.3%、74.8%、77.8%、92.2%;联合诊断后AUC、准确性、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为0.887、88.7%、90.0%、87.4%、87.1%、90.2%。联合诊断后有87例BI-RADS 4a类良性肿块降至3类,同时未造成恶性肿块误降为3类而漏诊的情况,可避免84.5%(87/103)的4a类肿块进行不必要的活检。结论常规超声联合三维反转成像技术对乳腺肿块良恶性具有良好的诊断效能,尤其特异度和阳性预测值均明显提升,有效减少了4a类肿块不必要的活检。

Macrophage senescence in health and diseases

Macrophage senescence,manifested by the special form of durable cell cycle arrest and chronic low-grade inflammation like senescence-associated secretory phenotype,has long been consid-ered harmful.Persistent senescence of macrophages may lead to maladaptation,immune dysfunction,and finally the development of age-related diseases,infections,autoimmune diseases,and malignancies.However,it is a ubiquitous,multi-factorial,and dynamic complex phenomenon that also plays roles in remodeled processes,including wound repair and embryogenesis.In this review,we summarize some general molecular changes and several specific biomarkers during macrophage senescence,which may bring new sight to recognize senescent macrophages in different conditions.Also,we take an in-depth look at the functional changes in senescent macrophages,including metabolism,autophagy,polarization,phagocytosis,antigen presentation,and infiltration or recruitment.Furthermore,some degenerations and diseases associated with senescent macrophages as well as the mechanisms or relevant genetic regulations of senescent macrophages are integrated,not only emphasizing the possibility of regulating macrophage senescence to benefit age-associated diseases but also has an implication on the finding of potential tar-gets ordrugs clinically.

Adenine nucleotide translocase 2(Ant2)is required for individualization of spermatogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster

Successful completion of spermatogenesis is crucial for the perpetuation of the species.In Drosophila,spermatid individualization,a process involving changes in mitochondrial structure and function is critical to produce functional mature sperm.Ant2,encoding a mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase,is highly expressed in male testes and plays a role in energy metabolism in the mitochondria.However,its molecular function remains unclear.Here,we identified an important role of Ant2 in spermatid individualization.In Ant2 knockdown testes,spermatid individualization complexes composed of F-actin cones exhibited a diffuse distribution,and mature sperms were absent in the seminal vesicle,thus leading to male sterility.The most striking effects in Ant2-knockdown spermatids were decrease in tubulin polyglycylation and disruption of proper mitochondria derivatives function.Excessive apoptotic cells were also observed in Ant2-knockdown testes.To further investigate the phenotype of Ant2 knockdown in testes at the molecular level,complementary transcriptome and proteome analyses were performed.At the mRNA level,868 differentially expressed genes were identified,of which 229 genes were upregulated and 639 were downregulated induced via Ant2 knockdown.iTRAQ-labeling proteome analysis revealed 350 differentially expressed proteins,of which 117 proteins were upregulated and 233 were downregulated.The expression of glutathione transferase(GstD5,GstE5,GstE8,and GstD3),proteins involved in reproduction were significantly regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels.These results indicate that Ant2 is crucial for spermatid maturation by affecting mitochondrial morphogenesis.

Metal organic frameworks-based cathode materials for advanced Li-S batteries: A comprehensive review

Li-S batteries(LSBs)have been considering as new and promising energy storage systems because of the high theoretical energy density and low price.Nevertheless,their practical application is inhibited by several factors,including poor electrical conductivity of electrode materials,greatly volumetric variation,as well as the polysulfide formation upon the cycling.To address these problems,it is imperative to develop and design effective and suitable sulfur host anode materials.Metal organic frameworks(MOFs)-based cathode materials,possessing their good conductivity and easy morphology design,have been extensively studied and exhibited enormously potential in LSBs.In this review,a comprehensive overview of MOFs-based sulfur host materials is provided,including their electrochemical reaction mechanisms,related evaluation parameters,and their performances used in LSBs in the past few years.In particular,the recent advances using in-situ characterization technologies for investigating the electrochemical reaction mechanism in LSBs are presented and highlighted.Additionally,the challenges and prospects associated with future research on MOF-related sulfur host materials are discussed.It is anticipated to offer the guidance for the identification of suitable MOFs-based sulfur cathode materials for high-performance LSBs,thereby contributing for the achievement of a sustainable and renewable society.

Metabolic plasticity of T cell fate decision

The efficacy of adaptive immune responses in cancer treatment relies heavily on the state of the T cells.Upon antigen exposure,T cells undergo metabolic reprogramming,leading to the development of functional effectors or memory populations.However,within the tumor microenvironment(TME),metabolic stress impairs CD8+T cell anti-tumor immunity,resulting in exhausted differentiation.Recent studies suggested that targeting T cell metabolism could offer promising therapeutic opportunities to enhance T cell immunotherapy.In this review,we provide a comprehensive summary of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors necessary for metabolic reprogramming during the development of effector and memory T cells in response to acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.Furthermore,we delved into the different metabolic switches that occur during T cell exhaustion,exploring how prolonged metabolic stress within the TME triggers alterations in cellular metabolism and the epigenetic landscape that contribute to T cell exhaustion,ultimately leading to a persistently exhausted state.Understanding the intricate relationship between T cell metabolism and cancer immunotherapy can lead to the development of novel approaches to improve the efficacy of T cell-based treatments against cancer.

RpL38 modulates germ cell differentiation by controlling Bam expression in Drosophila testis

Switching from mitotic spermatogonia to meiotic spermatocytes is critical to producing haploid sperms during male germ cell differentiation.However,the underlying mechanisms of this switch remain largely unexplored.In Drosophila melanogaster,the gene RpL38 encodes the ribosomal protein L38,one component of the 60S subunit of ribosomes.We found that its depletion in spermatogonia severely diminished the production of mature sperms and thus led to the infertility of male flies.By examining the germ cell differentiation in testes,we found that RpL38-knockdown blocked the transition from spermatogonia to spermatocytes and accumulated spermatogonia in the testis.To understand the intrinsic reason for this blockage,we conducted proteomic analysis for these spermatogonia populations.Differing from the control spermatogonia,the accumulated spermatogonia in RpL38-knockdown testes already expressed many spermatocyte markers but lacked many meiosis-related proteins,suggesting that spermatogonia need to prepare some important proteins for meiosis to complete their switch into spermatocytes.Mechanistically,we found that the expression of bag of marbles(bam),a crucial determinant in the transition from spermatogonia to spermatocytes,was inhibited at both the mRNA and protein levels upon RpL38 depletion.We also confirmed that the bam loss phenocopied RpL38 RNAi in the testis phenotype and transcriptomic profiling.Strikingly,overexpressing bam was able to fully rescue the testis abnormality and infertility of RpL38-knockdown flies,indicating that bam is the key effector downstream of RpL38 to regulate spermatogonia differentiation.Overall,our data suggested that germ cells start to prepare meiosis-related proteins as early as the spermatogonial stage,and RpL38 in spermatogonia is required to regulate their transition toward spermatocytes in a bamdependent manner,providing new knowledge for our understanding of the transition process from spermatogonia to spermatocytes in Drosophila spermatogenesis.

Transition-metal free trifluoromethylimination of alkenes enabled by direct activation of N-unprotected ketimines

A highly site-selective intermolecular trifluoromethylimination of activated and unactivated olefins was reported under transition-metal-and photosensitizer-free conditions.This newly developed strategy provides straightforward and efficient access to diverse value-added vicinal trifluoromethyl amines without resorting to the pre-functionalized reagents.Mechanistic experiments demonstrate that the approach proceeded through CF_(3)and iminyl two-radicals process,which were generated directly from commercially available benzophenone imine in a novel electron-donor mode via a SET process activated by the bifunctional hypervalent iodine reagents.The synthetic potential of the protocols was further showcased via the condensation/amination sequential cascade,and transformations to accessβ-CF_(3)primary amines.

Active-transporting of charge-reversal Cu(Ⅱ)-doped mesoporous silica nanoagents for antitumor chemo/chemodynamic therapy

Fe-based Fenton agents can generate highly reactive and toxic hydroxyl radicals(·OH)in the tumor microenvironment(TME)for chemodynamic therapy(CDT)with high specificity.However,the low pH environment and insufficient endogenous hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))of the highly efficient Fenton reaction limits its practical application in clinic.Here,a Cu(Ⅱ)-doped mesoporous silica nanoagent(Cu-MSN)with excellent dispersity was successfully developed.After loaded with doxorubicin(DOX)and ascorbate(AA),Cu-MSN@DA was coated with active targeting ligand folic acid(FA),dimethyl maleic an-hydride(DMMA)and carboxymethyl chitosan(CMC)to obtain an active transporting nanoagent(FCDC@Cu-MSN@DA)with tunable charge-reversal property,which is more adaptable to the pH value of TME than Fe-based Fenton agents,and can self-supply exogenous H_(2)O_(2)by ascorbate to produce more toxic·OH to trigger the apoptosis of cancer cells.Meanwhile,the high level of glutathione(GSH)in TME can reduce Cu(Ⅱ)to Cu(I)by Fenton-like reaction,increasing the generation rate of·OH and relieving tumor antioxidant ability.The supply of exogenous H_(2)O_(2)significantly enhanced the synergistic effect of CDT by oxidative damage.Together with DOX-induced cell apoptosis,this novel nanoagent FCDC@Cu-MSN@DA can achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy,creating a new model of safe and effective tumor treatment with high specificity.

Additive manufacturing of degradable metallic scaffolds for material-structure-driven diabetic maxillofacial bone regeneration

The regeneration of maxillofacial bone defects associated with diabetes mellitus remains challenging due to the occlusal loading and hyperglycemia microenvironment.Herein,we propose a material-structure-driven strategy through the additive manufacturing of degradable Zn-Mg-Cu gradient scaffolds.The in situ alloying of Mg and Cu endows Zn alloy with admirable compressive strength for mechanical support and uniform degradation mode for preventing localized rupture.The scaffolds manifest favorable antibacterial,angiogenic,and osteogenic modulation capacity in mimicked hyperglycemic microenvironment,and Mg and Cu promote osteogenic differentiation in the early and late stages,respectively.In addition,the scaffolds expedite diabetic maxillofacial bone ingrowth and regeneration by combining the metabolic regulation effect of divalent metal cations and the hyperboloid and suitable permeability of the gradient structure.RNA sequencing further reveals that RAC1 might be involved in bone formation by regulating the transport and uptake of glucose related to GLUT1 in osteoblasts,contributing to cell function recovery.Inspired by bone healing and structural cues,this study offers an essential understanding of the designation and underlying mechanisms of the material-structure-driven strategy for diabetic maxillofacial bone regeneration.