上海市城市房屋建设中的用水定额标准及节水对策研究

城市房屋建设作为我国的支柱产业,带来巨大经济收益的同时也消耗着有限的水资源。整个房屋建设行业建设周期长、用水人员复杂、工艺多样、阶段性明显、计量困难以致管理相对困难。现研究多集中在建筑材料、结构以及节能的设计,缺少专门针对房屋建设施工中的节水研究。在分析行业用水特点以及总结工程建设管理标准的基础上,收集调查上海市房屋建设施工用水数据,用单位建设面积用水量为指标计算得到了用水定额标准值,并提出相关节水对策建议。

Gsα蛋白与腹膜假黏液瘤临床病理特征及预后的相关性研究

目的:探讨鸟苷酸结合蛋白α亚基(guanine nucleotide binding protein alpha subunit,Gsα)表达与腹膜假黏液瘤(pseudomyxoma peritonei,PMP)主要临床病理特征及预后的相关性。方法:收集首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院65例PMP患者病理标本,行常规组织病理学和定量免疫组织化学检测Gsα蛋白表达,研究Gsα蛋白表达与主要临床病理特征及预后的相关性。结果:65例PMP肿瘤行定量免疫组织化学分析,Gsα高表达者35例(53.8%),低表达者30例(46.2%)。单因素分析显示,Gsα高表达与下列5个临床病理指标呈正相关:术前肿瘤标志物(χ^(2)=3.68,P=0.087)、术中腹水量(χ^(2)=3.69,P=0.055)、腹膜癌指数评分(peritoneal cancer index,PCI)(χ^(2)=3.12,P=0.077)、肿瘤细胞减灭程度评分(completeness of cytoreduction,CC)(χ^(2)=2.72,P=0.099)、组织病理分级(χ^(2)=5.85,P=0.016)。多因素分析显示,Gsα蛋白高表达仅与组织病理分级呈独立正相关:高级别或高级别伴印戒细胞的组织病理类型(OR=3.47,95%CI:1.1~15.6,P=0.029)。Cox多因素分析显示,年龄(HR=8.08,95%CI:2.42~26.97,P=0.001)、既往手术(HR=0.24,95%CI:0.07~0.81,P=0.022)、组织病理分级(HR=3.92,95%CI:1.12~13.70,P=0.032);Gsα蛋白表达(HR=3.25,95%CI:1.01~10.5,P=0.048)为独立预后因素。结论:Gsα蛋白高表达与高级别或高级别伴印戒细胞的组织病理类型呈正相关,提示PMP预后不良。

Association of Multiple Urinary Phthalates Metabolites with Diabetes Risk in Elderly Population

As a common environmental endocrine disruptor,phthalate exposure could affect the diabetes risk.However,it remains unclear whether phthalate exposure in the elderly population alters diabetes risk.We conducted a cross-sectional survey to explore the effect of urinary phthalate metabolites on diabetes in the elderly.We conducted a health survey of 200 elderly in northeastern China and measured urinary concentrations of 64 phthalate metabolites.We next evaluated the association between major phthalates and phthalate mixtures and diabetes in the elderly.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression screened for mono(3-carboxypropyl)phthalate(MCPP),monoethyl phthalate(MEP),and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl)phthalate(MEHHP)as important predictors for diabetes.Weighted quantile sum(WQS)regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine regression(BKMR)models consistently found MEHHP(Weights=51.9%,PIP=0.97)to have the greatest effect on diabetes risk in the elderly.Furthermore,MEHHP was associated with an increased risk of diabetes in the multipollutant logistic regression model(OR=2.148,95%CI:1.255 to 3.677).The overall effect of coexposure to MCPP,MEHHP,and MEP on the risk of diabetes in elderly population was significant and positive.In summary,we found that increased urinary MEHHP levels could increase the risk of diabetes in the elderly population.Co-exposure to MCPP,MEHHP and MEP may increase the risk of diabetes.

Efficacy and Safety of Yanggan Jian in Hepatitis B Virusrelated Decompensated Cirrhosis:A Randomized,Doubleblind,Controlled Trial

Background and Aims:The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Yanggan Jian(YGJ)in HBV-infected patients with decompensated cirrhosis.Methods:This randomized,double-blind controlled trial enrolled 160 patients with HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis who were already receiving or about to start antiviral therapy.Patients were randomly assigned to receive YGJ or placebo for 24 weeks,and were followed-up to 36 weeks.The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with a≥2 point reduction in Child-Turcotte-Pugh(CTP)score from baseline at week 24.Secondary outcomes were CTP class and score,serum liver function indices,mortality,incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and variceal bleeding.Results:The proportion of patients with a CTP score reduction≥2 was significantly greater in the YGJ than in the placebo group(p=0.009);the percentage of patients with CTP class C was significantly less than that in the placebo group(p<0.05),and the YGJ group had a significantly greater mean change from baseline in CTP score at week 24(p=0.034).The improvement in measured values and change from baseline of prothrombin time,serum albumin,platelets,cholinesterase,international normalized ratio,and activated partial thromboplastin time were significantly better with YGJ than with placebo.Between-group differences in cumulative rates of variceal bleeding,hepatocellular carcinoma,death,or the frequency of any adverse event(AE),AEs related to treatment,or discontinuation because of AEs were not significant.Conclusions:YGJ significantly improved CTP scores and hepatic synthetic and reserve function in patients with HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis,and was safe and well tolerated.

Liquid crystal-based optical aptasensor for the sensitive and selective detection of Gram-negative bacteria

The sensitive and differential detection of Gram-negative bacteria is essential in food processing,environmental monitoring,and the daily chemical industry.Herein,we propose and validate a liquid crystal(LC)-based aptasensor for the ultrasensitive detection of Escherichia coli(E.coli),a model of Gram-negative bacteria.The nematic liquid crystal of 4-cyano-4’-pentylbiphenyl(5 CB) molecules can be orderly or disorderly arranged at the LC-aqueous interface via different stimuli,causing changes in optical texture due to birefringence.Bright schlieren texture is observed when a mixture solution of aptamer and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) is dripped onto the segmented LC films on a copper mesh.The specific binding of aptamers with target bacteria biomarkers liberates the CTAB molecules,which then self-assemble at the LC-aqueous interface to induce the vertical alignment of LCs.An optical transition from bright to dark is therefore achieved via the LC molecular orientation and serves as an aptasensor.Given the prominent affinity and specificity of the aptamer,the established sensitive and selective E.coli assay shows an ultralow detection limit of 27 cfu/mL.The prepared aptasensor can also be applied for the sensitive and selective determination of E.coli in fruit juice,soft drink,and cosmetic products,and shows great promise for the on-site detection of Gram-negative bacteria with high sensitivity and specificity for environmental monitoring,food safety assessment,and household chemical inspection.

New Crystalline Forms of Mebendazole with n-Alkyl Carboxylic Acids Neutral and Ionic Status

Structural information on the crystalline forms of mebendazole, an anti-parasitic drug, is limited, although three polymorphic forms of this drug have been reported. The present work investigates the structures and properties of different crystalline forms of mebendazole with a series of n-alkyl carboxylic acids, including trifluroacetic acid （1）, formic acid （2）, acetic acid （3）, propanoic acid （4）, butanoic acid （5）, valeric acid （6） and hexanoic acid （7）. These compounds were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, IR spectra, as well as powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The R22（8） structural motif was detected in all the seven products, which was formed by a pair of N--H…O/O--H…N hydrogen bonds between mebendazole and carboxylic acid. Forms 3--7 were found to be neutral solvate, while in forms 1 and 2, proton transfer was observed from carboxylic acid to mebendazole.