Objective To compare the outcomes after self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) or transanal drainage tube (TDT) placement in patients with malignant large-bowel obstruction (MLBO). Methods Seventy-three patients with ML...Objective To compare the outcomes after self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) or transanal drainage tube (TDT) placement in patients with malignant large-bowel obstruction (MLBO). Methods Seventy-three patients with MLBO from the clinical unit underwent SEMS (n = 51) or TDT (n = 22) placement from 2012 to 2017. The success rates of placement, clinical outcomes after decompression, complications, the time to resuming enteral nutrition (EN), Karnofsky performance status (KPS) scoring and the following-up therapeutic options were investigated. Results Technical success were achieved in 100% of patients in both groups. The clinical success rates were 98.0%(50/51) for SEMS and 95.5%(21/22) for TDT. No perforation was found in any group, while 3.9%(2/51) in the SEMS and 18.2%(4/22) in TDT group experienced displacement (P = 0.26). It took 2.1 IQR (0~2) days and 3 IQR (2~5) days to resume EN in the SEMS and TDT groups, respectively (P < 0.001). The KPS scores were significantly higher in patients implanted with SEMS (70, IQR 50~80) than in those with TDT (35, IQR 30~50)(P < 0.001). In the SEMS group, 37.3%(19/51) of patients underwent stenting as a bridge to surgery, 9.8%(5/51) for chemotherapy only and 52.9%(27/51) for palliation, while 40.9%(9/22), 0 and 59.1%(13/22) underwent placement for these reasons in the TDT group, respectively. The majority (6/9) of the patients who underwent TDT placement as a bridge to surgery required stoma creation, while only 31.6%(6/19) of those in the SEMS group needed a stoma (P = 0.080). In addition, anastomotic leakage was only found in the TDT group (2/9)(P = 0.10). Conclusion Both SEMS and TDT placement could provide clinical relief for MLBO. However, SEMS placement is associated with earlier EN, fewer complications, and benefits for the postoperative quality-of-life.展开更多
Two selenium(Se)-containing peptides from Se-enriched rice,TSeMMM and SeMDPGQQ,possess neuroprotective potency against lead(Pb2+)-induced cytotoxicity.However,the crosstalk between mRNA and microRNAs(miRNA)involved in...Two selenium(Se)-containing peptides from Se-enriched rice,TSeMMM and SeMDPGQQ,possess neuroprotective potency against lead(Pb2+)-induced cytotoxicity.However,the crosstalk between mRNA and microRNAs(miRNA)involved in the neuroprotection mechanism remains to be elucidated.In this study,RNA-sequencing and miRNA-sequencing were used to independently identify differentially expressed mRNAs and small RNAs profiles in Pb^(2+)-treated primary fetal rat cortical neurons and then the correlated miRNA-mRNA target pairs were obtained.It was found that 34 mRNAs related to oxidative phosphorylation could be reversed by pretreatment of TSeMMM and SeMDPGQQ.The protective effect of TSeMMM and SeMDPGQQ was mediated by upregulation of miR-107-3p,which downregulates the ATPase H+transporting V0 subunit e1(Atp6v0e1)mRNA level.A zebrafish model was applied to verify the relevance between the targeted mRNA and miRNA by real-time quantitative PCR.The results indicated that miR-107-3p was a potential therapeutic target to achieve neuroprotection of Se-containing peptides via stimulation of Atp6v0e1.展开更多
目的研究Notch1信号通路在新生期小鼠肺炎链球菌感染诱导Th1/Th2失衡中的作用。方法12只1周龄Balb/c新生小鼠分为3组(n=4):新生期肺炎链球菌肺炎(Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia,S.pp)组、新生期肺炎链球菌肺炎Notch1抑制组[S.pp+D...目的研究Notch1信号通路在新生期小鼠肺炎链球菌感染诱导Th1/Th2失衡中的作用。方法12只1周龄Balb/c新生小鼠分为3组(n=4):新生期肺炎链球菌肺炎(Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia,S.pp)组、新生期肺炎链球菌肺炎Notch1抑制组[S.pp+DAPT(γ分泌酶抑制剂)]和对照组。S.pp组、S.pp+DAPT组小鼠鼻腔滴注10μL含有1×10^(7)cfu肺炎链球菌的悬液,对照组同期滴注等量PBS。小鼠感染肺炎链球菌后第7天,S.pp+DAPT组鼻腔滴注0.3 mg/kg的Notch1抑制剂DAPT,S.pp组和对照组鼻腔滴注等量PBS。小鼠发育至6周(成年),检测气道反应性,收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)行细胞分类计数,肺组织HE染色病理切片观察组织病理变化;Western blot检测肺组织Notch1蛋白水平;RT-PCR检测肺组织T-bet、GATA3 mRNA水平;流式细胞术检测肺组织Th1、Th2细胞水平并分析Th1/Th2比率。结果S.pp+DAPT组Notch1蛋白表达显著低于S.pp组(0.23±0.09 vs 1.94±0.78,P<0.01)。S.pp+DAPT组BALF细胞总数、中性粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞计数均明显低于S.pp组(P<0.01);肺组织中细支气管周围炎症(0.55±0.17 vs 1.52±0.27,P<0.01)、血管周围炎症(0.05±0.10 vs 0.88±0.25,P<0.01)、肺间质炎症评分(0.18±0.35 vs 1.57±0.25,P<0.01)、肺部GATA3 mRNA表达(19.11±9.79 vs 177.56±65.95,P<0.01)、Th2细胞水平[(0.16±0.02)%vs(0.28±0.04)%,P<0.01]也显著低于S.pp组;而T-bet mRNA表达、Th1细胞水平与S.pp组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Th1/Th2比值较S.pp组明显增加(14.67±2.60 vs 7.89±0.82,P<0.01)。S.pp+DAPT组小鼠吸入3.125~50 mg/mL浓度乙酰甲胆碱激发后,气道反应性较S.pp组显著降低(P<0.01)。结论新生期肺炎链球菌肺炎可能通过激活Notch1信号诱导Th1/Th2失衡,促进气道高反应性及气道炎症形成。展开更多
The chlorination-volatilization process has been adopted to make full use of gold-bearing and iron-rich pyrite cinder. However, problems of low recovery rate, pulverization of pellets, and ring formation have been enc...The chlorination-volatilization process has been adopted to make full use of gold-bearing and iron-rich pyrite cinder. However, problems of low recovery rate, pulverization of pellets, and ring formation have been encountered during the industrialization of this process. The effects of various parameters on the volatilization rates of valuable metals and on the compressive strength of roasted pellets were investigated in this paper. The parameters include the CaCl_2 dosage, heating temperature, and holding time. The results show that heating temperature is the most important parameter for the recovery of target metals. More CaCl_2 was needed for the recovery of zinc than for the recovery of gold, silver, and lead. CaCl_2 started to react with sulfides/SO_2/SiO_2 at temperatures below the melting point of CaCl_2 to generate Cl_2/HCl. Gaseous CaCl_2 was formed at higher temperatures and could react with any of the components. The compressive strength of roasted CaCl_2-bearing pellets first decreased slowly with increasing temperature at temperatures lower than 873 K, which could result in the pulverization of pellets during heating. Their compressive strength increased dramatically with increasing temperature at temperatures greater than 1273 K. Certain quantities of CaCl_2 and Fe(Ⅱ) could improve the compressive strength of the roasted pellets; however, the addition of excessive CaCl_2 decreased the compressive strength of pellets.展开更多
Copper tailings constitute a large proportion of mine wastes. Some of the copper tailings can be recycled to recover valuable minerals. In this paper, a copper tailing was studied through the chemical analysis method,...Copper tailings constitute a large proportion of mine wastes. Some of the copper tailings can be recycled to recover valuable minerals. In this paper, a copper tailing was studied through the chemical analysis method, Xray diffraction and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrum. It turned out that chalcopyrite(Cu) and pyrite(S) were the main recoverable minerals in the tailing. In order to separate chalcopyrite from pyrite in low pulp pH, ammonium humate(AH) was singled out as the effective regulator. The depression mechanism of AH on the flotation of pyrite was proved by FTIR spectrum and XPS spectrum, demonstrating that there was a chemical adsorption between AH and pyrite. By Response Surface Methodology(RSM), the interaction between AH, pulp pH and iso-butyl ethionine(Z200) was discussed. It was illustrated that the optimal dosage of AH was 1678 g·t^(-1) involving both the recovery of Cu and S. The point prediction by RSM and the closed-circuit flotation displayed that the qualified Cu concentrate and S concentrate could be obtained from the copper tailing.The study indicated that AH was a promising pyrite depressor in the low pulp pH from copper tailings.展开更多
Objective:The novel compound GCJ-490A has been discovered as a pan-histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitor that exerts potent inhibitory activity against HDAC1,HDAC3,and HDAC6.Because of the important roles of HDACs in lun...Objective:The novel compound GCJ-490A has been discovered as a pan-histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitor that exerts potent inhibitory activity against HDAC1,HDAC3,and HDAC6.Because of the important roles of HDACs in lung cancer development and the high distribution of GCJ-490A in lung tissue,we explored the anti-tumor potency of GCJ-490A against non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)in vitro and in vivo in this study.Methods:The in vitro effects of GCJ-490A alone or combined with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib against NSCLC were measured with proliferation,apoptosis,and colony formation assays.NSCLC xenograft models were used to investigate the efficacy of GCJ-490A combined with gefitinib for the treatment of NSCLC in vivo.Western blot assays,luciferase reporter assays,chromatin immunoprecipitation assays,quantitative real time-PCR,immunohistochemistry,and transcription factor activity assays were used to elucidate possible mechanisms.Results:GCJ-490A effectively inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.Interestingly,inhibition of HDAC1 and HDAC6 by GCJ-490A increased histone acetylation at the IKKαpromoter and enhanced IKKαtranscription,thus decreasing c-Met.Moreover,this c-Met downregulation was found to be essential for the synergistic anti-tumor activity of GCJ-490A and gefitinib.Conclusions:These findings highlight the promising potential of HDAC inhibitors in NSCLC treatment and provide a rational basis for the application of HDAC inhibitors in combination with EGFR inhibitors in clinical trials.展开更多
Hierarchically porous ZSM‐5 (SiO2/Al2O3 ≈ 120) containing phosphorus was prepared by a one‐step post‐synthesis treatment involving controlled desilication and phosphorous modification. The hierarchically porous ZS...Hierarchically porous ZSM‐5 (SiO2/Al2O3 ≈ 120) containing phosphorus was prepared by a one‐step post‐synthesis treatment involving controlled desilication and phosphorous modification. The hierarchically porous ZSM‐5 featured high thermal and hydrothermal stability. The obtained ZSM‐5zeolites were systematically characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption‐desorption, NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption,and 27Al and 31P magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Theprepared ZSM‐5 displayed enhanced activity and prolonged lifetime toward hydrocarbon cracking.The high activity was attributed to improved coke tolerance owing to the presence of the highlystable mesoporous network of ZSM‐5 and acid sites introduced upon phosphorus modification.Additionally a mechanism of the stabilization of the zeolites by phosphorus was proposed and discussed.展开更多
Developing the methodologies that allow for safe and effective delivery of therapeutic drugs to target sites is a very important research area in cancer therapy.In this study,polyethylene glycol(PEG)-coated magnetic p...Developing the methodologies that allow for safe and effective delivery of therapeutic drugs to target sites is a very important research area in cancer therapy.In this study,polyethylene glycol(PEG)-coated magnetic polymeric liposome(MPL)nanoparticles(NPs)assembled from octadecyl quatemized carboxymethyl chitosan(OQC),PEGylated OQC,cholesterol,and magnetic NPs,and functionalized with epithelial growth factor receptor(EGFR)peptide,were successfully prepared for in-vivo liver targeting.The two-step liver targeting strategy,based on both magnetic force and EGFR peptide conjugation,was evaluated in a subcutaneous hepatocellular carcinoma model of nude mouse.The results showed that EGFR-conjugated MPLs not only accumulated in the liver by magnetic force,but could also diffuse into tumor cells as a result of EGFR targeting.In addition,paclitaxel(PTX)was incorporated into small EGFR-conjugated MPLs(102.0土0.7 nm),resulting in spherical particles with high drug encapsulation efficiency(>90%).The use of the magnetic targeting for enhancing the transport of PTX-loaded EGFR-conjugated MPLs to the tumor site was further confirmed by detecting PTX levels.In conclusion,PTX-loaded EGFR-conjugated MPLs could potentially be used as an effective drug delivery system for targeted liver cancer therapy.展开更多
Decomposition kinetics of mullite and corundum in coal fly ash with highly alkaline solution was studied.The effects of the reaction temperature and reaction time on decomposition rates of mullite and corundum and alu...Decomposition kinetics of mullite and corundum in coal fly ash with highly alkaline solution was studied.The effects of the reaction temperature and reaction time on decomposition rates of mullite and corundum and alumina extraction efficiency were investigated.The results show that increasing reaction temperature and reaction time increases the decomposition rates of mullite and corundum and alumina extraction efficiency,with the decomposition temperature of mullite lower than that of corundum.After 90 min reaction at 220℃,more than 100 g alumina was extracted when recycling 1 L of alkaline solution.The decomposition processes of mullite and corundum corresponded with the shrinking unreacted core model,and the reaction rate was under chemical reaction control,with the activation energies of mullite and corundum being 67.46 and 161.82 kJ/mol,respectively.展开更多
We examined a total of 16 children with epileptic encephalopathy using fluorine-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose （18F-FDG） positron emission computed tomography （PET）, magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） and electroence...We examined a total of 16 children with epileptic encephalopathy using fluorine-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose （18F-FDG） positron emission computed tomography （PET）, magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） and electroencephalography. Children with infantile spasms showed significant mental retardation, severely abnormal electroencephalogram recordings, and bilateral diffuse cerebral cortex hypometabolism with I^F-FDG PET imaging. MRI in these cases showed brain atrophy, multi-micropolygyria, macrogyria, and porencephalia. In cases with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, 18F-FDG PET showed bilateral diffuse glucose hypometabolism, while MRI showed cortical atrophy, heterotopic gray matter and tuberous sclerosis. MRI in cases with myoclonic encephalopathy demonstrated bilateral frontal and temporal cortical and white matter atrophy and 18F-FDG PET imaging showed bilateral frontal lobe atrophy with reduced bilateral frontal cortex, occipital cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellar glucose uptake. In children who could not be clearly classified, MRI demonstrated cerebral cortical atrophy and ~aF-FDG PET exhibited multifocal glucose hypometabolism. Overall, this study demonstrated that the degree of brain metabolic abnormality was consistent with clinical seizure severity. In addition, ~SF-FDG PET imaging after treatment was consistent with clinical outcomes. These findings indicate that ~SF-FDG PET can be used to assess the severity of brain injury and prognosis in children with epileptic encephalopathy.展开更多
A facile and effective method to synthesize TS‐1zeolite aggregates has been presented.The crystallization of silanized seeds and nanocrystallites led to large and irregular TS‐1zeolite aggregates ranging from5to40μ...A facile and effective method to synthesize TS‐1zeolite aggregates has been presented.The crystallization of silanized seeds and nanocrystallites led to large and irregular TS‐1zeolite aggregates ranging from5to40μm in size,based on the special sol‐gel chemistry of bridged organosilane.Epoxidation of1‐hexene and cyclohexene was used as a probe reaction to investigate the catalytic performance of the resulting materials.These TS‐1zeolite aggregates possessed both the conventional nanoparticle properties of TS‐1zeolites and variable surface hydrophilic/hydrophobic features,which enhanced the catalytic properties of hydroperoxides for alkene epoxidation.Moreover,the large aggregates effectively simplified the separation procedure during preparation and catalytic reactions.展开更多
Background: Determination of the endogenous loss of fat(ELF) is used to adjust for the estimation of true total tract digestibility(TTTD) of fat in diets and ingredients.Any factor which affected ELF may further affec...Background: Determination of the endogenous loss of fat(ELF) is used to adjust for the estimation of true total tract digestibility(TTTD) of fat in diets and ingredients.Any factor which affected ELF may further affect the digestibility of fat,including sources and concentrations of fat and fiber in the diet.There are some reports of determining the ELF using regression methods based on different levels of fat intake,while reports on effects of dietary fiber content and different fiber-rich ingredients in pig diets on ELF are very limited.Therefore,the objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary fiber content and different fiber-rich ingredients on endogenous losses of fat and fatty acids at the end of ileum and throughout the entire intestinal tract in growing pigs.Methods: In Exp.1,the effect of fiber content on endogenous loss of fat was determined using six growing pigs(Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire;27.6 ± 2.4 kg),fitted with a T-cannula at the end of ileum.The experimental design was a 6 × 6 complete Latin square design with six periods of feeding and six diets.The six experimental fat-free diets were formulated to include graded levels of neutral detergent fiber(NDF)(0,40,80,120,160 and 200 g/kg) and soybean hull(SH) was the only fiber source,providing 0,75,150,225,300 and 375 g/kg,respectively.Chromic oxide was included at4 g/kg in all diets as an indigestible marker.In Exp.2,six crossbred growing barrows(27.6 ± 1.6 kg) were used and the experimental design was the same as for Exp.1.The six fat-free diets were formulated to include six common fiber-rich ingredients and the concentration of NDF was 100 g/kg.The six fiber-rich ingredients were defatted rice bran(DRB),sugar beet pulp(SBP),rice hull(RH),corn germ meal(CGM),SH and wheat bran(WB) and they were fed at represented250,270,145,250,170 and 280 g/kg in the diet,respectively.Results: In Exp.1,the endogenous loss of fatty acids profile did not change as dietary NDF increased in growing pigs.The endogenous losses of fat,C16:0,C18:0,C18:1,C18:2,total unsaturated fatty acids(UFA) and total saturated fatty acids(SFA) in growing pigs at the end of ileum and throughout the entire intestinal tract increased linearly as NDF content of diets increased.The endogenous losses of fat,as well as C16:0 and C18:0 throughout the entire intestinal tract also increased quadratically as NDF content of diets increased.The ELF increased from 0.71 to 3.14 g/kg of dry matter intake(DMI) and 0.56 to 8.21 g/kg DMI at the end of ileum and throughout the entire intestinal tract in growing pigs,respectively.The ELF occurred in the hindgut except for the growing pigs fed 0 and 4% NDF in their diets.The endogenous losses of C16:0 and UFA occurred primarily in the upper regions of the gut and the greatest endogenous losses of C18:0 occurred in the hindgut.The endogenous losses of fat,individual SFA and total SFA throughout the entire intestinal tract were much greater than that at the end of ileum.However,the endogenous losses of individual UFA and total UFA were less throughout the intestinal tract than at the end of ileum.In Exp.2,the endogenous losses of fat at the end of ileum were greater in growing pigs fed CGM or WB diets.The endogenous loss of fatty acids profile changed to a slight degree at the end of ileum that the endogenous loss of UFA(particularly C18:1 and C18:2) in growing pigs fed CGM or WB diets were greater(P < 0.01) than that for the other four diets.The greatest(P < 0.01) endogenous loss of SFA(particularly C18:0) was in growing pigs fed the RH diet.The endogenous losses of fat,C16:0,C18:0 and SFA over the entire intestinal tract were much greater in growing pigs fed CGM or WB diets,whereas the lowest values were in growing pigs fed DRB diet.The ELF at the end of ileum in growing pigs fed CGM or WB diets were 3.50 or 4.17 g/kg DMI,respectively,and the ELF over the entire intestinal tract was 7.23 or 7.38 g/kg DMI.The contribution in percentage of ELF in the upper gut was greater than that in the hindgut of growing pigs fed DRB and RH diets,while the ELF in the upper gut and hindgut were equal in growing pigs fed SBP,CGM and WB diets.On the whole,the endogenous losses of C18:1 and C18:2 throughout the entire intestinal tract in growing pigs fed the six fiber-rich ingredients diets were less than losses at the end of ileum,whereas the endogenous loss of fat,C16:0,C18:0 and SFA were greater throughout the intestinal tract than at the end of ileum.Conclusion: The profile of loss in endogenous fatty acids did not change as dietary NDF increased in growing pigs and the endogenous losses of fatty acids(C16:0,C18:0,C18:1 and C18:2) fat,UFA and SFA increased linearly as NDF content increased in the diets of pigs.The endogenous losses of fat or fatty acids at the end of ileum were greater in growing pigs fed RH,CGM or WB diets.The endogenous losses of fat,fatty acids(C16:0 and C18:0) and SFA were greater over the entire intestinal tract in pigs fed CGM or WB diet,while these values were the lowest in growing pigs fed the DRB diet.The contribution in percentage losses of fat in the upper gut were greater than in the hindgut of growing pigs fed DRB and RH diets,while the contribution of losses of fat in the upper gut and hindgut were equal in growing pigs fed SBP,CGM and WB diets.In addition,the endogenous loss of individual or total UFA was less over the entire intestinal tract of growing pigs fed fiber diets than that at the end of ileum,and the greatest endogenous losses of fat,individual or total SFA were over the entire intestinal tract.Therefore,differences in fiber content and the nature of fiber-rich ingredients in diets of pigs have different effects to the endogenous losses of fat or fatty acids.Considering the requirement of fat or fatty acids of pigs,careful attention must be paid that the endogenous losses of fat and fatty acids when fiber ingredients are used in diets of pigs.展开更多
Natural products,with remarkable chemical diversity,have been extensively investigated for their anticancer potential for more than a half-century.The collective efforts of the community have achieved the tremendous a...Natural products,with remarkable chemical diversity,have been extensively investigated for their anticancer potential for more than a half-century.The collective efforts of the community have achieved the tremendous advancements,bringing natural products to clinical use and discovering new therapeutic opportunities,yet the challenges remain ahead.With remarkable changes in the landscape of cancer therapy and growing role of cutting-edge technologies,we may have come to a crossroads to revisit the strategies to understand nature products and to explore their therapeutic utility.This review summarizes the key advancements in nature product-centered cancer research and calls for the implementation of systematic approaches,new pharmacological models,and exploration of emerging directions to revitalize natural products search in cancer therapy.展开更多
This study focused on the synergistic effect of alloying elements neodymium(Nd) and dysprosium(Dy) on the ignition-proof performance of AZ91D alloy. The ignition-proof mechanism of AZ91D-3 Nd-x Dy(x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2...This study focused on the synergistic effect of alloying elements neodymium(Nd) and dysprosium(Dy) on the ignition-proof performance of AZ91D alloy. The ignition-proof mechanism of AZ91D-3 Nd-x Dy(x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 wt.%) alloy was discussed in depth through ignition-proof testing and microstructure observation. The results showed that the AZ91D-3 Nd-2 Dy alloy exhibited the highest ignition-point of 893 K, increased by 69 K as compared to the AZ91D alloy. The ignition-proof mechanism of Nd and Dy additions lay in three aspects:(1) the formation of denser oxide film consisting of Dy_2O_3 and MgO improves the oxidation resistance of the alloy,(2) the great reduction of the low melting-point phase β-Mg_(17)Al_(12), which leads to the decrease in the oxygen diffusion channels, and(3) the newly formed high melting-point phases(Al_2Nd and Al_2Dy), which block the oxygen diffusion channels and prevent the chemical reaction of Mg and oxygen.展开更多
文摘Objective To compare the outcomes after self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) or transanal drainage tube (TDT) placement in patients with malignant large-bowel obstruction (MLBO). Methods Seventy-three patients with MLBO from the clinical unit underwent SEMS (n = 51) or TDT (n = 22) placement from 2012 to 2017. The success rates of placement, clinical outcomes after decompression, complications, the time to resuming enteral nutrition (EN), Karnofsky performance status (KPS) scoring and the following-up therapeutic options were investigated. Results Technical success were achieved in 100% of patients in both groups. The clinical success rates were 98.0%(50/51) for SEMS and 95.5%(21/22) for TDT. No perforation was found in any group, while 3.9%(2/51) in the SEMS and 18.2%(4/22) in TDT group experienced displacement (P = 0.26). It took 2.1 IQR (0~2) days and 3 IQR (2~5) days to resume EN in the SEMS and TDT groups, respectively (P < 0.001). The KPS scores were significantly higher in patients implanted with SEMS (70, IQR 50~80) than in those with TDT (35, IQR 30~50)(P < 0.001). In the SEMS group, 37.3%(19/51) of patients underwent stenting as a bridge to surgery, 9.8%(5/51) for chemotherapy only and 52.9%(27/51) for palliation, while 40.9%(9/22), 0 and 59.1%(13/22) underwent placement for these reasons in the TDT group, respectively. The majority (6/9) of the patients who underwent TDT placement as a bridge to surgery required stoma creation, while only 31.6%(6/19) of those in the SEMS group needed a stoma (P = 0.080). In addition, anastomotic leakage was only found in the TDT group (2/9)(P = 0.10). Conclusion Both SEMS and TDT placement could provide clinical relief for MLBO. However, SEMS placement is associated with earlier EN, fewer complications, and benefits for the postoperative quality-of-life.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272319,31972020,32202032)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Two selenium(Se)-containing peptides from Se-enriched rice,TSeMMM and SeMDPGQQ,possess neuroprotective potency against lead(Pb2+)-induced cytotoxicity.However,the crosstalk between mRNA and microRNAs(miRNA)involved in the neuroprotection mechanism remains to be elucidated.In this study,RNA-sequencing and miRNA-sequencing were used to independently identify differentially expressed mRNAs and small RNAs profiles in Pb^(2+)-treated primary fetal rat cortical neurons and then the correlated miRNA-mRNA target pairs were obtained.It was found that 34 mRNAs related to oxidative phosphorylation could be reversed by pretreatment of TSeMMM and SeMDPGQQ.The protective effect of TSeMMM and SeMDPGQQ was mediated by upregulation of miR-107-3p,which downregulates the ATPase H+transporting V0 subunit e1(Atp6v0e1)mRNA level.A zebrafish model was applied to verify the relevance between the targeted mRNA and miRNA by real-time quantitative PCR.The results indicated that miR-107-3p was a potential therapeutic target to achieve neuroprotection of Se-containing peptides via stimulation of Atp6v0e1.
文摘目的研究Notch1信号通路在新生期小鼠肺炎链球菌感染诱导Th1/Th2失衡中的作用。方法12只1周龄Balb/c新生小鼠分为3组(n=4):新生期肺炎链球菌肺炎(Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia,S.pp)组、新生期肺炎链球菌肺炎Notch1抑制组[S.pp+DAPT(γ分泌酶抑制剂)]和对照组。S.pp组、S.pp+DAPT组小鼠鼻腔滴注10μL含有1×10^(7)cfu肺炎链球菌的悬液,对照组同期滴注等量PBS。小鼠感染肺炎链球菌后第7天,S.pp+DAPT组鼻腔滴注0.3 mg/kg的Notch1抑制剂DAPT,S.pp组和对照组鼻腔滴注等量PBS。小鼠发育至6周(成年),检测气道反应性,收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)行细胞分类计数,肺组织HE染色病理切片观察组织病理变化;Western blot检测肺组织Notch1蛋白水平;RT-PCR检测肺组织T-bet、GATA3 mRNA水平;流式细胞术检测肺组织Th1、Th2细胞水平并分析Th1/Th2比率。结果S.pp+DAPT组Notch1蛋白表达显著低于S.pp组(0.23±0.09 vs 1.94±0.78,P<0.01)。S.pp+DAPT组BALF细胞总数、中性粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞计数均明显低于S.pp组(P<0.01);肺组织中细支气管周围炎症(0.55±0.17 vs 1.52±0.27,P<0.01)、血管周围炎症(0.05±0.10 vs 0.88±0.25,P<0.01)、肺间质炎症评分(0.18±0.35 vs 1.57±0.25,P<0.01)、肺部GATA3 mRNA表达(19.11±9.79 vs 177.56±65.95,P<0.01)、Th2细胞水平[(0.16±0.02)%vs(0.28±0.04)%,P<0.01]也显著低于S.pp组;而T-bet mRNA表达、Th1细胞水平与S.pp组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Th1/Th2比值较S.pp组明显增加(14.67±2.60 vs 7.89±0.82,P<0.01)。S.pp+DAPT组小鼠吸入3.125~50 mg/mL浓度乙酰甲胆碱激发后,气道反应性较S.pp组显著降低(P<0.01)。结论新生期肺炎链球菌肺炎可能通过激活Notch1信号诱导Th1/Th2失衡,促进气道高反应性及气道炎症形成。
基金financially supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of China (No. 51202249)the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No. 2011AA06A104)the Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the 12th Five-year Plan Period (No. 2012BAB08B04)
文摘The chlorination-volatilization process has been adopted to make full use of gold-bearing and iron-rich pyrite cinder. However, problems of low recovery rate, pulverization of pellets, and ring formation have been encountered during the industrialization of this process. The effects of various parameters on the volatilization rates of valuable metals and on the compressive strength of roasted pellets were investigated in this paper. The parameters include the CaCl_2 dosage, heating temperature, and holding time. The results show that heating temperature is the most important parameter for the recovery of target metals. More CaCl_2 was needed for the recovery of zinc than for the recovery of gold, silver, and lead. CaCl_2 started to react with sulfides/SO_2/SiO_2 at temperatures below the melting point of CaCl_2 to generate Cl_2/HCl. Gaseous CaCl_2 was formed at higher temperatures and could react with any of the components. The compressive strength of roasted CaCl_2-bearing pellets first decreased slowly with increasing temperature at temperatures lower than 873 K, which could result in the pulverization of pellets during heating. Their compressive strength increased dramatically with increasing temperature at temperatures greater than 1273 K. Certain quantities of CaCl_2 and Fe(Ⅱ) could improve the compressive strength of the roasted pellets; however, the addition of excessive CaCl_2 decreased the compressive strength of pellets.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51202249)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2011AA06A104)the National Science&Technology Pillar Program during the 12th Five-year Plan Period(2012BAB08B04)
文摘Copper tailings constitute a large proportion of mine wastes. Some of the copper tailings can be recycled to recover valuable minerals. In this paper, a copper tailing was studied through the chemical analysis method, Xray diffraction and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrum. It turned out that chalcopyrite(Cu) and pyrite(S) were the main recoverable minerals in the tailing. In order to separate chalcopyrite from pyrite in low pulp pH, ammonium humate(AH) was singled out as the effective regulator. The depression mechanism of AH on the flotation of pyrite was proved by FTIR spectrum and XPS spectrum, demonstrating that there was a chemical adsorption between AH and pyrite. By Response Surface Methodology(RSM), the interaction between AH, pulp pH and iso-butyl ethionine(Z200) was discussed. It was illustrated that the optimal dosage of AH was 1678 g·t^(-1) involving both the recovery of Cu and S. The point prediction by RSM and the closed-circuit flotation displayed that the qualified Cu concentrate and S concentrate could be obtained from the copper tailing.The study indicated that AH was a promising pyrite depressor in the low pulp pH from copper tailings.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81773763 and 81521005).
文摘Objective:The novel compound GCJ-490A has been discovered as a pan-histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitor that exerts potent inhibitory activity against HDAC1,HDAC3,and HDAC6.Because of the important roles of HDACs in lung cancer development and the high distribution of GCJ-490A in lung tissue,we explored the anti-tumor potency of GCJ-490A against non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)in vitro and in vivo in this study.Methods:The in vitro effects of GCJ-490A alone or combined with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib against NSCLC were measured with proliferation,apoptosis,and colony formation assays.NSCLC xenograft models were used to investigate the efficacy of GCJ-490A combined with gefitinib for the treatment of NSCLC in vivo.Western blot assays,luciferase reporter assays,chromatin immunoprecipitation assays,quantitative real time-PCR,immunohistochemistry,and transcription factor activity assays were used to elucidate possible mechanisms.Results:GCJ-490A effectively inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.Interestingly,inhibition of HDAC1 and HDAC6 by GCJ-490A increased histone acetylation at the IKKαpromoter and enhanced IKKαtranscription,thus decreasing c-Met.Moreover,this c-Met downregulation was found to be essential for the synergistic anti-tumor activity of GCJ-490A and gefitinib.Conclusions:These findings highlight the promising potential of HDAC inhibitors in NSCLC treatment and provide a rational basis for the application of HDAC inhibitors in combination with EGFR inhibitors in clinical trials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21403070, 21573073)National Key Technology Research and De-velopment Program (2012BAE05B02)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (B409)~~
文摘Hierarchically porous ZSM‐5 (SiO2/Al2O3 ≈ 120) containing phosphorus was prepared by a one‐step post‐synthesis treatment involving controlled desilication and phosphorous modification. The hierarchically porous ZSM‐5 featured high thermal and hydrothermal stability. The obtained ZSM‐5zeolites were systematically characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption‐desorption, NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption,and 27Al and 31P magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Theprepared ZSM‐5 displayed enhanced activity and prolonged lifetime toward hydrocarbon cracking.The high activity was attributed to improved coke tolerance owing to the presence of the highlystable mesoporous network of ZSM‐5 and acid sites introduced upon phosphorus modification.Additionally a mechanism of the stabilization of the zeolites by phosphorus was proposed and discussed.
基金the Research Program Foundation of the Department of Education of Fujian Province for Young Talents(No.JK2017021)the Training Program of Department of Health of Fujian Province for Young Talents(No.2017-ZQN-41).
文摘Developing the methodologies that allow for safe and effective delivery of therapeutic drugs to target sites is a very important research area in cancer therapy.In this study,polyethylene glycol(PEG)-coated magnetic polymeric liposome(MPL)nanoparticles(NPs)assembled from octadecyl quatemized carboxymethyl chitosan(OQC),PEGylated OQC,cholesterol,and magnetic NPs,and functionalized with epithelial growth factor receptor(EGFR)peptide,were successfully prepared for in-vivo liver targeting.The two-step liver targeting strategy,based on both magnetic force and EGFR peptide conjugation,was evaluated in a subcutaneous hepatocellular carcinoma model of nude mouse.The results showed that EGFR-conjugated MPLs not only accumulated in the liver by magnetic force,but could also diffuse into tumor cells as a result of EGFR targeting.In addition,paclitaxel(PTX)was incorporated into small EGFR-conjugated MPLs(102.0土0.7 nm),resulting in spherical particles with high drug encapsulation efficiency(>90%).The use of the magnetic targeting for enhancing the transport of PTX-loaded EGFR-conjugated MPLs to the tumor site was further confirmed by detecting PTX levels.In conclusion,PTX-loaded EGFR-conjugated MPLs could potentially be used as an effective drug delivery system for targeted liver cancer therapy.
基金Project(2013CB632601)supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘Decomposition kinetics of mullite and corundum in coal fly ash with highly alkaline solution was studied.The effects of the reaction temperature and reaction time on decomposition rates of mullite and corundum and alumina extraction efficiency were investigated.The results show that increasing reaction temperature and reaction time increases the decomposition rates of mullite and corundum and alumina extraction efficiency,with the decomposition temperature of mullite lower than that of corundum.After 90 min reaction at 220℃,more than 100 g alumina was extracted when recycling 1 L of alkaline solution.The decomposition processes of mullite and corundum corresponded with the shrinking unreacted core model,and the reaction rate was under chemical reaction control,with the activation energies of mullite and corundum being 67.46 and 161.82 kJ/mol,respectively.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81071046the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Program, No. 2009B030801250+1 种基金2010 Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Program, No. 2010B031600159the Guangdong Province Natural Science Foundation, No. 7001205
文摘We examined a total of 16 children with epileptic encephalopathy using fluorine-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose （18F-FDG） positron emission computed tomography （PET）, magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） and electroencephalography. Children with infantile spasms showed significant mental retardation, severely abnormal electroencephalogram recordings, and bilateral diffuse cerebral cortex hypometabolism with I^F-FDG PET imaging. MRI in these cases showed brain atrophy, multi-micropolygyria, macrogyria, and porencephalia. In cases with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, 18F-FDG PET showed bilateral diffuse glucose hypometabolism, while MRI showed cortical atrophy, heterotopic gray matter and tuberous sclerosis. MRI in cases with myoclonic encephalopathy demonstrated bilateral frontal and temporal cortical and white matter atrophy and 18F-FDG PET imaging showed bilateral frontal lobe atrophy with reduced bilateral frontal cortex, occipital cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellar glucose uptake. In children who could not be clearly classified, MRI demonstrated cerebral cortical atrophy and ~aF-FDG PET exhibited multifocal glucose hypometabolism. Overall, this study demonstrated that the degree of brain metabolic abnormality was consistent with clinical seizure severity. In addition, ~SF-FDG PET imaging after treatment was consistent with clinical outcomes. These findings indicate that ~SF-FDG PET can be used to assess the severity of brain injury and prognosis in children with epileptic encephalopathy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21503081,21503073,21403070,21707093)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0403102)~~
文摘A facile and effective method to synthesize TS‐1zeolite aggregates has been presented.The crystallization of silanized seeds and nanocrystallites led to large and irregular TS‐1zeolite aggregates ranging from5to40μm in size,based on the special sol‐gel chemistry of bridged organosilane.Epoxidation of1‐hexene and cyclohexene was used as a probe reaction to investigate the catalytic performance of the resulting materials.These TS‐1zeolite aggregates possessed both the conventional nanoparticle properties of TS‐1zeolites and variable surface hydrophilic/hydrophobic features,which enhanced the catalytic properties of hydroperoxides for alkene epoxidation.Moreover,the large aggregates effectively simplified the separation procedure during preparation and catalytic reactions.
基金supported by the Prevention and Control of Nutritional Metabolism and Toxic Diseases in Livestock and Poultry(2016YFD0501204)the 111 Project(B16044)
文摘Background: Determination of the endogenous loss of fat(ELF) is used to adjust for the estimation of true total tract digestibility(TTTD) of fat in diets and ingredients.Any factor which affected ELF may further affect the digestibility of fat,including sources and concentrations of fat and fiber in the diet.There are some reports of determining the ELF using regression methods based on different levels of fat intake,while reports on effects of dietary fiber content and different fiber-rich ingredients in pig diets on ELF are very limited.Therefore,the objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary fiber content and different fiber-rich ingredients on endogenous losses of fat and fatty acids at the end of ileum and throughout the entire intestinal tract in growing pigs.Methods: In Exp.1,the effect of fiber content on endogenous loss of fat was determined using six growing pigs(Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire;27.6 ± 2.4 kg),fitted with a T-cannula at the end of ileum.The experimental design was a 6 × 6 complete Latin square design with six periods of feeding and six diets.The six experimental fat-free diets were formulated to include graded levels of neutral detergent fiber(NDF)(0,40,80,120,160 and 200 g/kg) and soybean hull(SH) was the only fiber source,providing 0,75,150,225,300 and 375 g/kg,respectively.Chromic oxide was included at4 g/kg in all diets as an indigestible marker.In Exp.2,six crossbred growing barrows(27.6 ± 1.6 kg) were used and the experimental design was the same as for Exp.1.The six fat-free diets were formulated to include six common fiber-rich ingredients and the concentration of NDF was 100 g/kg.The six fiber-rich ingredients were defatted rice bran(DRB),sugar beet pulp(SBP),rice hull(RH),corn germ meal(CGM),SH and wheat bran(WB) and they were fed at represented250,270,145,250,170 and 280 g/kg in the diet,respectively.Results: In Exp.1,the endogenous loss of fatty acids profile did not change as dietary NDF increased in growing pigs.The endogenous losses of fat,C16:0,C18:0,C18:1,C18:2,total unsaturated fatty acids(UFA) and total saturated fatty acids(SFA) in growing pigs at the end of ileum and throughout the entire intestinal tract increased linearly as NDF content of diets increased.The endogenous losses of fat,as well as C16:0 and C18:0 throughout the entire intestinal tract also increased quadratically as NDF content of diets increased.The ELF increased from 0.71 to 3.14 g/kg of dry matter intake(DMI) and 0.56 to 8.21 g/kg DMI at the end of ileum and throughout the entire intestinal tract in growing pigs,respectively.The ELF occurred in the hindgut except for the growing pigs fed 0 and 4% NDF in their diets.The endogenous losses of C16:0 and UFA occurred primarily in the upper regions of the gut and the greatest endogenous losses of C18:0 occurred in the hindgut.The endogenous losses of fat,individual SFA and total SFA throughout the entire intestinal tract were much greater than that at the end of ileum.However,the endogenous losses of individual UFA and total UFA were less throughout the intestinal tract than at the end of ileum.In Exp.2,the endogenous losses of fat at the end of ileum were greater in growing pigs fed CGM or WB diets.The endogenous loss of fatty acids profile changed to a slight degree at the end of ileum that the endogenous loss of UFA(particularly C18:1 and C18:2) in growing pigs fed CGM or WB diets were greater(P < 0.01) than that for the other four diets.The greatest(P < 0.01) endogenous loss of SFA(particularly C18:0) was in growing pigs fed the RH diet.The endogenous losses of fat,C16:0,C18:0 and SFA over the entire intestinal tract were much greater in growing pigs fed CGM or WB diets,whereas the lowest values were in growing pigs fed DRB diet.The ELF at the end of ileum in growing pigs fed CGM or WB diets were 3.50 or 4.17 g/kg DMI,respectively,and the ELF over the entire intestinal tract was 7.23 or 7.38 g/kg DMI.The contribution in percentage of ELF in the upper gut was greater than that in the hindgut of growing pigs fed DRB and RH diets,while the ELF in the upper gut and hindgut were equal in growing pigs fed SBP,CGM and WB diets.On the whole,the endogenous losses of C18:1 and C18:2 throughout the entire intestinal tract in growing pigs fed the six fiber-rich ingredients diets were less than losses at the end of ileum,whereas the endogenous loss of fat,C16:0,C18:0 and SFA were greater throughout the intestinal tract than at the end of ileum.Conclusion: The profile of loss in endogenous fatty acids did not change as dietary NDF increased in growing pigs and the endogenous losses of fatty acids(C16:0,C18:0,C18:1 and C18:2) fat,UFA and SFA increased linearly as NDF content increased in the diets of pigs.The endogenous losses of fat or fatty acids at the end of ileum were greater in growing pigs fed RH,CGM or WB diets.The endogenous losses of fat,fatty acids(C16:0 and C18:0) and SFA were greater over the entire intestinal tract in pigs fed CGM or WB diet,while these values were the lowest in growing pigs fed the DRB diet.The contribution in percentage losses of fat in the upper gut were greater than in the hindgut of growing pigs fed DRB and RH diets,while the contribution of losses of fat in the upper gut and hindgut were equal in growing pigs fed SBP,CGM and WB diets.In addition,the endogenous loss of individual or total UFA was less over the entire intestinal tract of growing pigs fed fiber diets than that at the end of ileum,and the greatest endogenous losses of fat,individual or total SFA were over the entire intestinal tract.Therefore,differences in fiber content and the nature of fiber-rich ingredients in diets of pigs have different effects to the endogenous losses of fat or fatty acids.Considering the requirement of fat or fatty acids of pigs,careful attention must be paid that the endogenous losses of fat and fatty acids when fiber ingredients are used in diets of pigs.
文摘Natural products,with remarkable chemical diversity,have been extensively investigated for their anticancer potential for more than a half-century.The collective efforts of the community have achieved the tremendous advancements,bringing natural products to clinical use and discovering new therapeutic opportunities,yet the challenges remain ahead.With remarkable changes in the landscape of cancer therapy and growing role of cutting-edge technologies,we may have come to a crossroads to revisit the strategies to understand nature products and to explore their therapeutic utility.This review summarizes the key advancements in nature product-centered cancer research and calls for the implementation of systematic approaches,new pharmacological models,and exploration of emerging directions to revitalize natural products search in cancer therapy.
文摘This study focused on the synergistic effect of alloying elements neodymium(Nd) and dysprosium(Dy) on the ignition-proof performance of AZ91D alloy. The ignition-proof mechanism of AZ91D-3 Nd-x Dy(x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 wt.%) alloy was discussed in depth through ignition-proof testing and microstructure observation. The results showed that the AZ91D-3 Nd-2 Dy alloy exhibited the highest ignition-point of 893 K, increased by 69 K as compared to the AZ91D alloy. The ignition-proof mechanism of Nd and Dy additions lay in three aspects:(1) the formation of denser oxide film consisting of Dy_2O_3 and MgO improves the oxidation resistance of the alloy,(2) the great reduction of the low melting-point phase β-Mg_(17)Al_(12), which leads to the decrease in the oxygen diffusion channels, and(3) the newly formed high melting-point phases(Al_2Nd and Al_2Dy), which block the oxygen diffusion channels and prevent the chemical reaction of Mg and oxygen.
