Defective Nickel-Iron Layered Double Hydroxide for Enhanced Photocatalytic NO Oxidation with Significant Alleviation of NO2 Production

Photocatalysis offers a sustainable means for the oxidative removal of low concentrations of NOx(NO,NO2,N2O,N2O5,etc.)from the atmosphere.Layered double hydroxides(LDHs)are promising candidate photocatalysts owing to their unique layered and tunable chemical structures and abundant surface hydroxide(OH)moieties,which are hydroxyl radical(OH)precursors.However,the practical applications of LDHs are limited by their poor charge-separation ability and insufficient active sites.Herein,we developed a facile N_(2)H_(4)-driven etching approach to introduce dual Ni^(2+)and OHvacancies(Niv and OHv,respectively)into NiFe-LDH nanosheets(hereafter referred to as NiFe-LDH-et)to facilitate improved charge-carrier separation and active Lewis acidic site(Fe^(3+)and Ni^(2+)exposed at OHv)formation.In contrast to inert pristine LDH,NiFe-LDH-et actively removed NO under visible-light illumination.Specifically,Ni_(76)Fe_(24)-LDH-et etched with 1.50 mmol·L^(-1)N_(2)H_(4)solution removed 32.8%of the NO in continuously flowing air(NO feed concentration:500 parts per billion(ppb))under visible-light illumination,thereby outperforming most reported catalysts.Experimental and theoretical data revealed that the dual vacancies promoted the production of reactive oxygen species(O_(2)·^(-)andOH)and the adsorption of NO on the LDH.In situ spectroscopy demonstrated that NO was preferentially adsorbed at Lewis acidic sites,particularly exposed Fe^(3+)sites,converted into NO+,and subsequently oxidized to NO3without the notable formation of the more toxic intermediate NO2,thereby alleviating risks associated with its production and emission.

Current situation of carbon emissions and countermeasures in China's ironmaking industry

The iron and steel industry(ISI) involves high energy consumption and high pollution. ISI in China, a leading country in the ISI,consumed 15% of the country’s total energy and produced more than 50% of the global ISI’s carbon emissions. Therefore, in the context of global low-carbon economy and emission reduction requirements, low-carbon smelting technology in the ISI has attracted increasingly more attention in China. This review summarizes the current status of carbon emissions and energy consumption in China’s ISI and discusses the development status and prospects of low-carbon ironmaking technology. The main route to effectively reducing carbon emissions is to develop a gas-based direct reduction process and replace sintering with pelletizing, both of which focus on developing pelletizing technology. However,the challenge of pelletizing process development is to obtain high-quality iron concentrates. Consequently, the present paper also summarizes the development status of China’s mineral processing technology, including fine-grained mineral processing technology, magnetization roasting technology, and flotation collector application. This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis for the low-carbon development of China’s ISI in terms of a dressing–smelting combination.

Efficient CO_(2)Reduction to Formate on CsPbI_(3) Nanocrystals Wrapped with Reduced Graphene Oxide

Transformation of greenhouse gas(CO_(2))into valuable chemicals and fuels is a promising route to address the global issues of climate change and the energy crisis.Metal halide perovskite catalysts have shown their potential in promoting CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),however,their low phase stability has limited their application perspective.Herein,we present a reduced graphene oxide(rGO)wrapped CsPbI_3 perovskite nanocrystal(NC)CO_(2)RR catalyst(CsPbI_3/rGO),demonstrating enhanced stability in the aqueous electrolyte.The CsPbI_3/rGO catalyst exhibited>92%Faradaic efficiency toward formate production at a CO_(2)RR current density of~12.7 mA cm^(-2).Comprehensive characterizations revealed the superior performance of the CsPbI_3/rGO catalyst originated from the synergistic effects between the CsPbI_3 NCs and rGO,i.e.,rGO stabilized theα-CsPbI_3 phase and tuned the charge distribution,thus lowered the energy barrier for the protonation process and the formation of~*HCOO intermediate,which resulted in high CO_(2)RR selectivity toward formate.This work shows a promising strategy to rationally design robust metal halide perovskites for achieving efficient CO_(2)RR toward valuable fuels.

Extracellular vesicles:Emerged as a promising strategy for regenerative medicine

Cell transplantation therapy has certain limitations including immune rejection and limited cell viability,which seriously hinder the transformation of stem cellbased tissue regeneration into clinical practice.Extracellular vesicles(EVs)not only possess the advantages of its derived cells,but also can avoid the risks of cell transplantation.EVs are intelligent and controllable biomaterials that can participate in a variety of physiological and pathological activities,tissue repair and regeneration by transmitting a variety of biological signals,showing great potential in cell-free tissue regeneration.In this review,we summarized the origins and characteristics of EVs,introduced the pivotal role of EVs in diverse tissues regeneration,discussed the underlying mechanisms,prospects,and challenges of EVs.We also pointed out the problems that need to be solved,application directions,and prospects of EVs in the future and shed new light on the novel cell-free strategy for using EVs in the field of regenerative medicine.

Effect mechanism of aluminum occurrence and content on the induration characteristics of iron ore pellets

With the intensified depletion of high-grade iron ores,the increased aluminum content in iron ore concentrates has become unavoidable,which is detrimental to the pelletization process.Therefore,the effect mechanism of aluminum on pellet quality must be identified.In this study,the influence of aluminum occurrence and content on the induration of hematite(H)and magnetite(M)pellets was investigated through the addition of corresponding Al-containing additives,including alumina,alumogoethite,gibbsite,and kaolinite.Systematic mineralogical analysis,combined with the thermodynamic properties of different aluminum occurrences and the quantitative characterization of consolidation behaviors,were conducted to determine the related mechanism.The results showed that the alumina from various aluminum occurrences adversely affected the induration characteristics of pellets,especially at an aluminum content of more than 2.0wt%.The thermal decomposition of gibbsite and kaolinite tends to generate internal stress and fine cracks,which hinder the respective microcrystalline bonding and recrystallization between Fe2O3particles.The adverse effect on the induration characteristics of fired pellets with different aluminum occurrences can be relieved to varying degrees through the formation of liquid phase bonds between the hematite particles.Kaolinite is more beneficial to the induration process than the other three aluminum occurrences because of the formation of more liquid phase,which improves pellet consolidation.The research results can further provide insights into the effect of aluminum occurrence and content in iron ore concentrates on downstream processing and serve as a guide for the utilization of high-alumina iron ore concentrates in pelletization.

Discrimination between leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 antibody encephalitis and gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor antibody encephalitis based on ResNet18

This study aims to discriminate between leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1(LGI1)antibody encephalitis and gammaaminobutyric acid B(GABAB)receptor antibody encephalitis using a convolutional neural network(CNN)model.A total of 81 patients were recruited for this study.ResNet18,VGG16,and ResNet50 were trained and tested separately using 3828 positron emission tomography image slices that contained the medial temporal lobe(MTL)or basal ganglia(BG).Leave-one-out cross-validation at the patient level was used to evaluate the CNN models.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the area under the ROC curve(AUC)were generated to evaluate the CNN models.Based on the prediction results at slice level,a decision strategy was employed to evaluate the CNN models’performance at patient level.The ResNet18 model achieved the best performance at the slice(AUC=0.86,accuracy=80.28%)and patient levels(AUC=0.98,accuracy=96.30%).Specifically,at the slice level,73.28%(1445/1972)of image slices with GABAB receptor antibody encephalitis and 87.72%(1628/1856)of image slices with LGI1 antibody encephalitis were accurately detected.At the patient level,94.12%(16/17)of patients with GABAB receptor antibody encephalitis and 96.88%(62/64)of patients with LGI1 antibody encephalitis were accurately detected.Heatmaps of the image slices extracted using gradient-weighted class activation mapping indicated that the model focused on the MTL and BG for classification.In general,the ResNet18 model is a potential approach for discriminating between LGI1 and GABAB receptor antibody encephalitis.Metabolism in the MTL and BG is important for discriminating between these two encephalitis subtypes.

Alteration of intestinal microbiota is associated with diabetic retinopathy and its severity:Samples collected from southeast coast Chinese

BACKGROUND Current approaches for the therapy of diabetic retinopathy(DR),which was one of leading causes of visual impairment,have their limitations.Animal experiments revealed that restructuring of intestinal microbiota can prevent retinopathy.AIM To explore the relationship between intestinal microbiota and DR among patients in the southeast coast of China,and provide clues for novel ways to prevention and treatment methods of DR.METHODS The fecal samples of non-diabetics(Group C,n=15)and diabetics(Group DM,n=30),including 15 samples with DR(Group DR)and 15 samples without DR(Group D),were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing.Intestinal microbiota compositions were compared between Group C and Group DM,Group DR and Group D,as well as patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)(Group PDR,n=8)and patients without PDR(Group NPDR,n=7).Spearman correlation analyses were performed to explore the associations between intestinal microbiota and clinical indicators.RESULTS The alpha and beta diversity did not differ significantly between Group DR and Group D as well as Group PDR and Group NPDR.At the family level,Fusobacteriaceae,Desulfovibrionaceae and Pseudomonadaceae were significantly increased in Group DR than in Group D(P<0.05,respectively).At the genera level,Fusobacterium,Pseudomonas,and Adlercreutzia were increased in Group DR than Group D while Senegalimassilia was decreased(P<0.05,respectively).Pseudomonas was negatively correlated with NK cell count(r=-0.39,P=0.03).Further,the abundance of genera Eubacterium(P<0.01),Peptococcus,Desulfovibrio,Acetanaerobacterium and Negativibacillus(P<0.05,respectively)were higher in Group PDR compared to Group NPDR,while Pseudomonas,Alloprevotella and Tyzzerella(P<0.05,respectively)were lower.Acetanaerobacterium and Desulfovibrio were positively correlated with fasting insulin(r=0.53 and 0.61,respectively,P<0.05),when Negativibacillus was negatively correlated with B cell count(r=-0.67,P<0.01).CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that the alteration of gut microbiota was associated with DR and its severity among patients in the southeast coast of China,probably by multiple mechanisms such as producing short-chain fatty acids,influencing permeability of blood vessels,affecting levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1,hypoxia-inducible factor-1,B cell and insulin.Modulating gut microbiota composition might be a novel strategy for prevention of DR,particularly PDR in population above.

框架眼镜与角膜塑形镜治疗青少年近视性屈光参差患者疗效比较

目的:观察不同程度的青少年近视性屈光参差者予框架眼镜与角膜塑形镜矫正后的近立体视功能。方法:前瞻性临床研究。选取2017-03/2018-12于我院眼科确诊的年龄在10~20岁的近视患者220例,其中双眼屈光参差度数的差值<1.00D为无屈光参差组76例;1.00~<1.75D为轻度屈光参差组60例;2.00~<2.75D为中度屈光参差组51例;≥3.00D为重度屈光参差组33例。根据近视矫正方式分为角膜塑形镜组88例与框架镜组132例,比较两组患者在近视矫正3mo后近立体视功能。结果:框架镜组中,不同程度屈光参差组间的近立体视功能有差异(P<0.001)。角膜塑形镜组中,不同程度屈光参差组间的近立体视功能无差异(P=0.765)。在无屈光参差组与轻度屈光参差组中,角膜塑形镜组与框架镜组之间的近立体视功能无差异(P=0.109、0.052);在中度与高度屈光参差组中,角膜塑形镜组的近立体视功能好于框架镜组(P<0.001)。结论:青少年近视性屈光参差患者配戴角膜塑形镜在近立体视功能方面优于框架眼镜,特别在中度与重度屈光参差组。

蒸镀氧化铝、氧化硅型高阻隔性包装薄膜

阻隔膜材料因优异的阻隔性能在食品、药品、日化、电子等产品包装等领域具有广泛的应用,本文简要介绍了多种高阻隔材料,详细论述了蒸镀氧化铝、氧化硅型高阻隔性膜进程、技术工艺、阻隔性能及原理和应用。

孤立铁/聚醚砜复合膜的制备与膜的油水分离及对苯酚的降解性能

针对复杂含油废水的处理,发展能同时分离油水混合物并能降解其中酚类等有机污染物的技术是未来油水分离膜的研究重点。文中以聚醚砜(PES)为膜材料,通过双凝固浴相转化法制备了高通量、抗压密性好的海绵孔结构PES基膜。通过在膜表面共沉积聚多巴胺(PDA)和聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)来负载孤立铁物种(4A-Fe)催化剂颗粒,得到了4AFe/PES膜。考察了4A-Fe/PES膜的油水分离性能和苯酚催化降解性能。结果显示,4A-Fe/PES有较好的亲水性、优异的水下超疏油性及抗油黏附性。且在动态分离乳化油水混合物的同时,实现了对油水乳液中苯酚的有效降解。在pH=2时,溶液循环50 min后膜对苯酚的降解率达到98.4%,在此过程中油水乳液的分离效率保持在99.8%,且重复使用3次后,膜的分离效率仍然能达到94.2%以上。

Some basic properties of granules from ore blends consisting of ultrafine magnetite and hematite ores

Some basic properties of granules,including the granule size distribution,packed-bed permeability,and chemical composition of the adhering layer,were investigated in this study for four iron ore blends consisting of 5wt%,25wt%,and 45wt%ultrafine magnetite and 25wt%ultrafine hematite concentrates.The effects of varying the sinter basicity(CaO/SiO2 mass ratio=1.4 to 2.2)and adding ultrafine concentrates on the variation of the adhering-layer composition and granule microstructure were studied.Moreover,the effect of adhering-layer compositional changes on sintering reactions was discussed in combination with pot sintering results of ore blends.Increasing sinter basicity led to an increase in the basicities of both the adhering layer and the fine part of the sinter mix,which were higher than the overall sinter basicity.When the sinter chemistry was fixed and fine Si-bearing materials(e.g.,quartz sand)were used,increasing the amount of ultrafine ores in the ore blends tended to reduce the adhering-layer basicity and increase the SiO2 content in both the adhering layer and the fine part of the sinter mix,which will induce the formation of low-strength bonding phases and the deterioration of sinter strength.The adhering-layer composition in granules can be estimated in advance from the compositions of the-1 mm fractions of the raw materials.

Upgrading and dephosphorization of Western Australian iron ore using reduction roasting by adding sodium carbonate

The technology of direct reduction by adding sodium carbonate （Na2CO3） and magnetic separation was developed to treat Western Australian high phosphorus iron ore. The iron ore and reduced product were investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It is found that phosphorus exists within limonite in the form of solid solution, which cannot be removed through traditional ways. During reduction roasting, Na2CO3 reacts with gangue minerals （SiO2 and A1203）, forming aluminum silicate-containing phosphorus and damaging the ore structure, which promotes the separation between iron and phosphorus during magnetic separation. Meanwhile, Na2CO3 also improves the growth of iron grains, increasing the iron grade and iron recovery. The iron concentrate, assaying 94.12wt% Fe and 0.07wt% P at the iron recovery of 96.83% and the dephosphorization rate of 74.08%, is obtained under the optimum conditions. The final product （metal iron powder） after briquetting can be used as the burden for steelmaking by an alactrie a.re furnace to rer）la,ce scrar） steel.

Chinese consensus on management of tyrosine kinase inhibitor-associated side effects in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs) have improved the overall survival of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs), but their side effects can impact dose intensity and, consequently, the clinical benefit. To date, no guideline or consensus has been published on the TKI-associated adverse reactions. Therefore, the Chinese Society of Surgeons for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized an expert panel discussion involving representatives from gastrointestinal surgery, medical oncology, cardiology, dermatology, nephrology, endocrinology, and ophthalmology to consider the systemic clinical symptoms, molecular and cellular mechanisms, and treatment recommendations of GISTs. Here, we present the resultant evidence-and experience-based consensus to guide the management of TKI-associated side events in clinical practice.

Neurotrophic effects of dental pulp stem cells in repair of peripheral nerve after crush injury

BACKGROUND Nerve diseases and injuries,which are usually accompanied by motor or sensory dysfunction and disorder,impose a heavy burden upon patients and greatly reduce their quality of life.Dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs),derived from the neural crest,have many characteristics that are similar to those of neural cells,indicating that they can be an ideal source for neural repair.AIM To explore the potential roles and molecular mechanisms of DPSCs in crushed nerve recovery.METHODS DPSCs were isolated,cultured,and identified by multilineage differentiation and flow cytometry.Western blot and immunofluorescent staining were applied to analyze the expression levels of neurotrophic proteins in DPSCs after neural induction.Then,we collected the secretions of DPSCs.We analyzed their effects on RSC96 cell proliferation and migration by CCK8 and transwell assays.Finally,we generated a sciatic nerve crush injury model in vivo and used the sciatic function index,walking track analysis,muscle weight,and hematoxylin&eosin(H&E)staining to further evaluate the nerve repair ability of DPSCs.RESULTS DPSCs highly expressed several specific neural markers,including GFAP,S100,Nestin,P75,and NF200,and were inclined toward neural differentiation.Furthermore,neural-induced DPSCs(N-DPSCs)could express neurotrophic factors,including NGF,BDNF,and GDNF.The secretions of N-DPSCs could enhance the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells.In vivo,both DPSC and N-DPSC implants alleviated gastrocnemius muscle atrophy.However,in terms of anatomy and motor function,as shown by H&E staining,immunofluorescent staining,and walking track analyses,the repair effects of N-DPSCs were more sustained,potent,and effective than those of DPSCs and the controls.CONCLUSION In summary,this study demonstrated that DPSCs are inclined to differentiate into neural cells.N-DPSCs express neurotrophic proteins that could enhance the proliferation and migration of SCs.Furthermore,our results suggested that NDPSCs could help crushed nerves with functional recovery and anatomical repair in vivo.Thus,DPSCs or N-DPSCs could be a promising therapeutic cell source for peripheral nerve repair and regeneration.

Energy Consumption Prediction of a CNC Machining Process With Incomplete Data

Energy consumption prediction of a CNC machining process is important for energy efficiency optimization strategies.To improve the generalization abilities,more and more parameters are acquired for energy prediction modeling.While the data collected from workshops may be incomplete because of misoperation,unstable network connections,and frequent transfers,etc.This work proposes a framework for energy modeling based on incomplete data to address this issue.First,some necessary preliminary operations are used for incomplete data sets.Then,missing values are estimated to generate a new complete data set based on generative adversarial imputation nets(GAIN).Next,the gene expression programming(GEP)algorithm is utilized to train the energy model based on the generated data sets.Finally,we test the predictive accuracy of the obtained model.Computational experiments are designed to investigate the performance of the proposed framework with different rates of missing data.Experimental results demonstrate that even when the missing data rate increases to 30%,the proposed framework can still make efficient predictions,with the corresponding RMSE and MAE 0.903 k J and 0.739 k J,respectively.

Improving the sintering performance of blends containing Canadian specularite concentrate by modifying the binding medium

Canadian specularite concentrate（CSC） possesses high total iron grade and low impurity content. However, due to the poor granulating performance and weak reactivity of CSC at high temperature, the proportion of CSC used in sintering blends is restricted. In this research, the effects of fine limonite, slake lime, and bentonite particles on the granulation performance of blends containing a high ratio of CSC were studied through granulation test. Based on the test results, the effects of modification of the binding medium on the sintering performance of blends containing a high ratio of CSC were revealed by the sintering pot test. Both the granulation property and sintering performance of blends with a high proportion of CSC were improved by modifying the binding medium.

A novel process for Fe recovery and Zn, Pb removal from a low-grade pyrite cinder with high Zn and Pb contents

Comprehensive utilization of pyrite cinders is increasingly important because of their huge annual outputs and potential valuable metals recovery to cope with the gradual depletion of high-grade mineral resources. In this work, a new process, i.e., a high-temperature chlorination–magnetizing roasting–magnetic separation process, was proposed for recovering Fe and removing Zn, Pb from a low-grade pyrite cinder containing 49.90 wt% Fe, 1.23 wt% Zn, and 0.29 wt% Pb. Various parameters, including the chlorinating conditions(dosage of Ca Cl2, temperature, and time) and the magnetization roasting conditions(amount of coal, temperature, and time) were investigated. The results indicate that the proposed process is effective for Fe recovery and Zn, Pb removal from the pyrite cinder. Through this process, 97.06% Zn, 96.82% Pb, and approximately 90% S can be removed, and 89.74% Fe is recovered as magnetite into the final product under optimal conditions. A purified magnetite concentrate containing 63.07 wt% Fe, 0.16 wt% P, 0.26 wt% S, and trace amounts of nonferrous metals(0.005 wt% Cu, 0.013 wt% Pb, and 0.051 wt% Zn) was obtained. The concentrate can be potentially used as a high-quality feed material for producing oxidized pellets by blending with other high-grade iron ore concentrates.

Integration of preparation of K,Na-embedded activated carbon and reduction of Zn-bearing dusts

Large amounts of solid wastes and flue gases are generated in iron and steel production process,probably leading to serious environmental pollution without duly handle.An innovative and green process of simultaneous reduction of zinc-bearing dusts and activation of low-rank coal was developed and its mechanism was clarified in this paper.Under the optimal conditions,the reduced zinc-bearing dusts containing low harmful elements(0.02%Zn,0.015%K and 0.03%Na)could be made as high-quality burden for blast furnace while the low-rank coal was transferred into K,Na-embedded activated carbon,which can be used as effective adsorbent for purification of SO_(2) and NO-containing flue gases.The solid wastes were successfully utilized to treat the flue gases through the process.The synergetic activation and reduction mechanism in the process was revealed.The coupling effect between reduction reactions of metal oxides in the dusts and activation reaction of carbon in the coal promoted the simultaneous reduction and activation process.In the meanwhile,part of the potassium and sodium from the zinc-bearing dusts could be adsorbed by the activated carbon and played a catalytic role in the activation process.

Adipose-derived stem cell therapy shows promising results for secondary lymphedema

Lymphedema is mainly identified by progressive soft tissue swelling in impaired lymphatic system.Secondary lymphedema attributed to cancer therapy,parasite infection,and trauma remains a serious global disease.Patients with lymphedema suffer swelling,pain,and fatigue,with the dysfunction of the deformed extremities reducing the quality of life and increasing the risk of infection and lymphangiosarcoma.Adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs)possess prominent regenerative potential to differentiate into multilineage cells,and produce various lymphangiogenic factors,making ADSC therapy a promising approach for lymphedema.The development of lymphedema consists of local inflammation,the fibrosis of lymphatic vessels,and the deposition of adipose fat.Existing animal models do not mimic the chronic inflammation environment,therefore suitable models are required in further studies.Some signal pathways and molecular mechanisms in physiological and pathological lymphagiogenesis remain unclear.In previous animal and human trials,ADSC therapy reduced edema in varying degrees.A larger number of trials with larger samples and longer follow-up periods are required to verify the efficiency and feasibility of ADSC therapy.ADSCs are of easy availability and immune exemption,making them a candidate for lymphedema treatment.Whether ADSCs enhance malignant characteristics or trigger the malignant change deserves further exploration and study before ADSC therapy can be made widely available.

Grate-kiln pelletization of Indian hematite fines and its industrial practice

Indian hematite fines normally have a high iron grade and minor impurities; they are usually used as sinter fines for feeding into a blast furnace. In this work, the grindability properties of two kinds of Indian hematite fines and the roasting behaviors and induration characteristics of pellets made from these fines were revealed through experiments involving dry ball milling and small-scale and pilot-scale tests. In addition, the microstructures of the particles of ground India hematite fines and fired pellets were investigated using optical microscopy. On the basis of the results, a grate-kiln production line with an annual output of 1.2 Mt of oxidized pellets was established in India. This pellet plant operates stably and reliably, further confirming that preparing high-quality pellets with Indian hematite fines pretreated by dry ball milling is an industrially feasible process. © 2017, University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.