氯化焙烧-水浸法从富铷锂云母矿中提取Li、Rb

由于低铷锂云母中的Rb赋存形态差异较大,且含量低,提Rb工艺参数稳定性差,难以实现工业化生产。本文以澳大利亚富铷锂云母矿为原料,采用NaCl-CaCl_(2)焙烧-水浸法进行了提取Li、Rb的试验研究,考察焙烧温度、配料比、时间和浸出液固质量比、时间、温度对Li、Rb提取的影响。结果表明,在富铷锂云母矿:NaCl:CaCl_(2)的质量比为1:0.6:0.4、焙烧温度为800℃、焙烧时间为1.5 h、水浸温度为25℃、液固比4:1、浸出时间15 min的条件下,Li、Rb浸出效果最佳,Li、Rb浸出率分别达87.8%和94.9%。焙砂及浸出渣的X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,氯化焙烧后,锂云母中的Li和Rb矿相转化为可溶性的LiCl和RbCl相,同时生成KCl和难溶物CaAl_(2)Si_(2)O_(8)、NaAlSi_(3)O_(8)、CaF_(2)。△GΘT-T和△HΘT-T关系图表明,NaCl-CaCl_(2)与碱金属氧化物的反应顺序为Rb>K>Li;矿石中的SiO_(2)与Al_(2)O_(3)参与对碱金属的氯化反应有促进作用。

A 30-year overview of sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries(NIBs)have emerged as a promising alternative to commercial lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to the similar properties of the Li and Na elements as well as the abundance and accessibility of Na resources.Most of the current research has been focused on the half-cell system(using Na metal as the counter electrode)to evaluate the performance of the cathode/anode/electrolyte.The relationship between the performance achieved in half cells and that obtained in full cells,however,has been neglected in much of this research.Additionally,the trade-off in the relationship between electrochemical performance and cost needs to be given more consideration.Therefore,systematic and comprehensive insights into the research status and key issues for the full-cell system need to be gained to advance its commercialization.Consequently,this review evaluates the recent progress based on various cathodes and highlights the most significant challenges for full cells.Several strategies have also been proposed to enhance the electrochemical performance of NIBs,including designing electrode materials,optimizing electrolytes,sodium compensation,and so forth.Finally,perspectives and outlooks are provided to guide future research on sodium-ion full cells.

Insights on advanced g‐C_(3)N_(4)in energy storage:Applications,challenges,and future

Graphitic carbon nitride(g‐C_(3)N_(4))is a highly recognized two‐dimensional semiconductor material known for its exceptional chemical and physical stability,environmental friendliness,and pollution‐free advantages.These remarkable properties have sparked extensive research in the field of energy storage.This review paper presents the latest advances in the utilization of g‐C_(3)N_(4)in various energy storage technologies,including lithium‐ion batteries,lithium‐sulfur batteries,sodium‐ion batteries,potassium‐ion batteries,and supercapacitors.One of the key strengths of g‐C_(3)N_(4)lies in its simple preparation process along with the ease of optimizing its material structure.It possesses abundant amino and Lewis basic groups,as well as a high density of nitrogen,enabling efficient charge transfer and electrolyte solution penetration.Moreover,the graphite‐like layered structure and the presence of largeπbonds in g‐C_(3)N_(4)contribute to its versatility in preparing multifunctional materials with different dimensions,element and group doping,and conjugated systems.These characteristics open up possibilities for expanding its application in energy storage devices.This article comprehensively reviews the research progress on g‐C_(3)N_(4)in energy storage and highlights its potential for future applications in this field.By exploring the advantages and unique features of g‐C_(3)N_(4),this paper provides valuable insights into harnessing the full potential of this material for energy storage applications.

Efficient Polytelluride Anchoring for Ultralong-Life Potassium Storage: Combined Physical Barrier and Chemisorption in Nanogrid-in-Nanofiber

Metal tellurides(MTes) are highly attractive as promising anodes for high-performance potassium-ion batteries. The capacity attenuation of most reported MTe anodes is attributed to their poor electrical conductivity and large volume variation. The evolution mechanisms, dissolution properties, and corresponding manipulation strategies of intermediates(K-polytellurides, K-pTe_(x)) are rarely mentioned. Herein,we propose a novel structural engineering strategy to confine ultrafine CoTe_(2) nanodots in hierarchical nanogrid-in-nanofiber carbon substrates(CoTe_(2)@NC@NSPCNFs) for smooth immobilization of K-pTe_(x) and highly reversible conversion of CoTe_(2) by manipulating the intense electrochemical reaction process. Various in situ/ex situ techniques and density functional theory calculations have been performed to clarify the formation, transformation, and dissolution of K-pTe_(x)(K_(5)Te_(3) and K_(2)Te), as well as verifying the robust physical barrier and the strong chemisorption of K_(5)Te_(3) and K_(2)Te on S, N co-doped dual-type carbon substrates. Additionally, the hierarchical nanogrid-in-nanofiber nanostructure increases the chemical anchoring sites for K-pTe_(x), provides sufficient volume buffer space, and constructs highly interconnected conductive microcircuits, further propelling the battery reaction to new heights(3500 cycles at 2.0 A g^(-1)). Furthermore, the full cells further demonstrate the potential for practical applications. This work provides new insights into manipulating K-pTe_(x) in the design of ultralong-cycling MTe anodes for advanced PIBs.

Source and level of dietary iron influence semen quality by affecting inflammation, oxidative stress and iron utilization levels in boars

Background Boars fed a mixed form of inorganic and organic iron in excess of the NRC recommended levels still develop anemia,which suggested that the current level and form of iron supplementation in boar diets may be inappropriate.Therefore,56 healthy Topeka E line boars aged 15–21 months were randomly divided into 5 groups:basal diet supplemented with 96 mg/kg ferrous sulfate(FeSO_(4))and 54 mg/kg glycine chelated iron(Gly-Fe,control);80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg Gly-Fe;80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg methionine hydroxyl analogue chelated iron(MHA-Fe,from CalimetFe)for 16 weeks.The effects of dietary iron supplementation with different sources and levels on semen quality in boars were investigated.Results 1)Serum Fe and hemoglobin concentrations were not affected by reduced dietary iron levels in the 80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg Gly-Fe and MHA-Fe groups compared with the control group(P>0.05).2)Serum interleukin-6(IL-6)and sperm malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in the 80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe groups were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05),and higher serum superoxide dismutase levels and lower MDA levels in the 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe group(P<0.05).3)Boars in the 80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg Gly-Fe and MHA-Fe groups had lower serum hepcidin(P<0.01),ferritin(P<0.05),and transferrin receptor(P<0.01)concentrations,and boars in the 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe group had higher seminal plasma Fe concentrations compared with the control group.4)Boars in the 80 mg/kg and 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe groups had lower abnormal sperm rate and in situ oscillating sperm ratio compared to the control group at weeks 12 and/or 16 of the trial.However,the effect of Gly-Fe on improving semen quality in boars was not evident.5)Serum IL-6 level was positively correlated with hepcidin concentration(P<0.05),which in turn was significantly positively correlated with abnormal sperm rate(P<0.05).Furthermore,significant correlations were also found between indicators of iron status and oxidative stress and semen quality parameters.Conclusions Dietary supplementation with 80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe did not induce iron deficiency,but rather reduced serum inflammatory levels and hepcidin concentration,alleviated oxidative stress,increased body iron utilization,and improved semen quality in adult boars.

Universal architecture and defect engineering dual strategy for hierarchical antimony phosphate composite toward fast and durable sodium storage

Antimony(Sb)-ba sed anode materials are feasible candidates for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) due to their high theoretical specific capacity and excellent electrical conductivity.However,they still suffer from volume distortion,structural collapse,and ionic conduction interruption upon cycling.Herein,a hierarchical array-like nanofiber structure was designed to address these limitations by combining architecture engineering and anion tuning strategy,in which SbPO_(4-x) with oxygen vacancy nanosheet arrays are anchored on the surface of interwoven carbon nanofibers(SbPO_(4-x)@CNFs).In particular,bulky PO_(4)^(3-) anions mitigate the large volume distortion and generate Na_(3)PO_(4) with high ionic conductivity,collectively improving cyclic stability and ionic transport efficiency.The abundant oxygen vacancies substantially boost the intrinsic electronic conductivity of SbPO_4,further accelerating the reaction dynamics.In addition,hierarchical fibrous structures provide abundant active sites,construct efficient conducting networks,and enhance the electron/ion transport capacity.Benefiting from the advanced structural design,the SbPO_(4-x)@CNFs electrodes exhibit outstanding cycling stability(1000 cycles at 1.0 A g^(-1) with capacity decay of 0.05% per cycle) and rapid sodium storage performance(293.8 mA h g^(-1) at 5.0 A g^(-1)).Importantly,systematic in-/ex-situ techniques have revealed the "multi-step conversion-alloying" reaction process and the "battery-capacitor dual-mode" sodium-storage mechanism.This work provides valuable insights into the design of anode materials for advanced SIBs with elevated stability and superior rate performance.

High-Safety Anode Materials for Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)play a pivotal role in today's society,with widespread applications in portable electronics,electric vehicles,and smart grids.Commercial LIBs predominantly utilize graphite anodes due to their high energy density and cost-effectiveness.Graphite anodes face challenges,however,in extreme safety-demanding situations,such as airplanes and passenger ships.The lithiation of graphite can potentially form lithium dendrites at low temperatures,causing short circuits.Additionally,the dissolution of the solid-electrolyte-interphase on graphite surfaces at high temperatures can lead to intense reactions with the electrolyte,initiating thermal runaway.This review introduces two promising high-safety anode materials,Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)and TiNb_(2)O_(7).Both materials exhibit low tendencies towards lithium dendrite formation and have high onset temperatures for reactions with the electrolyte,resulting in reduced heat generation and significantly lower probabilities of thermal runaway.Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)and TiNb_(2)O_(7)offer enhanced safety characteristics compared to graphite,making them suitable for applications with stringent safety requirements.This review provides a comprehensive overview of Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)and TiNb_(2)O_(7),focusing on their material properties and practical applicability.It aims to contribute to the understanding and development of high-safety anode materials for advanced LIBs,addressing the challenges and opportunities associated with their implementation in real-world applications.

基于冲积扇构型表征的储层分类评价研究

按照“模式指导、岩心标定、动静结合、层次分析”的研究思路,综合应用丰富的岩心、测井、动态监测等资料,开展沉积微相、构型表征及储层精细评价研究,创新应用冲积扇7级体系沉积模式,剖析干旱型冲积扇优势构型单元空间叠置样式、差异化建立双物源5种单井相模式。在此基础上开展块状砂砾岩体有效储层识别,应用交会图聚类分析法,优选14项敏感评价参数开展储层分类评价,表征储层质量差异,明确优势储层空间分布特征。

陆东凹陷后河地区增储上产关键技术研究

后河地区是陆东凹陷油气最为富集的地区,油气资源丰富,探明率低,勘探开发潜力大。但受成藏主控因素复杂,储层物性差,非均质性强,油藏品位低等多种因素影响,存在优质储层难以准确预测,水平井油层钻遇率低,经济有效动用难等诸多难点问题,严重制约了该地区的勘探开发。研究重点为河地区开发难点为导向,精细刻画优势储层甜点分布,攻关水平井随钻跟踪精准调整新技术,探索直平组合立体开发新方式和水平井分段体积压裂新方法,强力支撑后河地区增储上产。

盾构掘进姿态自动控制技术研究与应用

为解决盾构施工过程中姿态控制的滞后性及缺乏理论支撑的难题,基于盾构纠偏原理、人工经验及专家知识等规则,设计盾构最佳纠偏曲线模型,建立姿态模糊控制器,提出一种盾构施工的姿态自动控制方法。该方法可解决传统模糊控制中输入参数超出其基本论域的问题,当姿态偏差值和趋势值在偏差允许范围内,直接启动模糊控制器输出油缸压力差并进行姿态控制;当姿态偏差值和趋势值超出偏差允许范围,构建最佳纠偏曲线模型,模糊控制器的输入参数为盾构位姿相对于最佳纠偏曲线的偏差值和趋势值,根据输出的油缸压力差进行盾构姿态纠偏。设计盾构掘进姿态自动控制系统,并在盾构施工现场进行测试应用,结果表明:基于模糊理论及最佳纠偏曲线的控制策略可实现盾构姿态的自动控制。

Deciphering the degradation discrepancy in Ni-rich cathodes with a diverse proportion of[003]crystallographic textures

The crystal plane plays a very important role in the properties of Ni-rich cathodes.[003]crystallographic texture regulation has been proven to improve structural stability,and yet,the discrepancy of particles with different exposed ratios of[003]in structural attenuation has not been clarified.Herein,we have unraveled comprehensively the structural decay difference for Ni-rich cathodes’primary particles with the different percentages of exposed[003]by regulating the precursor coprecipitation process.The findings based on structural characterization,first-principles calculations,finite element analysis,and electrochemical test reveal that the length and width of particles represent[110]and[003]directions,respectively,and show that cathode particles with a higher[110]/[003]ratio can effectively inhibit structure degradation and intergranular/intragranular crack formation owing to the low oxygen vacancy formation energy on(003)planes and the small local stress on secondary/primary particles.This study may provide guidance for the structural design of layered cathodes.

腔内超声造影与常规超声引导经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石的Meta分析

目的系统评价腔内超声造影(ICCEUS)与常规超声(US)引导经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)治疗肾结石的临床效果及安全性。方法检索PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane Library、中国知网(CNKI)、维普(VIP)、中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed)和万方(Wanfang Data)等数据库,收集、筛选并提取有关比较ICCEUS与US引导PCNL的临床研究数据。采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果最终7篇文献被纳入研究,总样本量为696例。ICCEUS-PCNL组一次穿刺成功率(OR=4.52,95%CI:2.99~6.82)和结石清除率(OR=2.32,95%CI:1.15~4.68)均较US-PCNL组高,并发症发生率(OR=0.49,95%CI:0.30~0.80)较US-PCNL组低,血红蛋白下降值(MD=-6.94,95%CI:-9.72~-4.16)和术中出血量(MD=-44.06,95%CI:-73.11~-15.02)较US-PCNL组少,手术时间(MD=-20.86,95CI%:-40.28~-1.44)和住院时间(MD=-2.38,95%CI:-4.15~-0.60)较US-PCNL组短。结论与US-PCNL相比,ICCEUS-PCNL能提高PCNL的一次穿刺成功率及结石清除率,并且可缩短手术时间及住院时间,减少血红蛋白下降值/术中出血量,降低并发症发生率。值得临床推广应用。

Research on Coordinated Development and Optimization of Distribution Networks at All Levels in Distributed Power Energy Engineering

The uncertainty of distributed generation energy has dramatically challenged the coordinated development of distribution networks at all levels.This paper focuses on the multi-time-scale regulation model of distributed generation energy under normal conditions.The simulation results of the example verify the self-optimization characteristics and the effectiveness of real-time dispatching of the distribution network control technology at all levels under multiple time scales.

Paneth cells in farm animals:current status and future direction

A healthy intestine plays an important role in the growth and development of farm animals.In small intestine,Paneth cells are well known for their regulation of intestinal microbiota and intestinal stem cells(ISCs).Although there has been a lot of studies and reviews on human and murine Paneth cells under intestinal homeostasis or disorders,little is known about Paneth cells in farm animals.Most farm animals possess Paneth cells in their small intestine,as identified by various staining methods,and Paneth cells of various livestock species exhibit noticeable differences in cell shape,granule number,and intestinal distribution.Paneth cells in farm animals and their antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)are susceptible to multiple factors such as dietary nutrients and intestinal infection.Thus,the comprehensive understanding of Paneth cells in different livestock species will contribute to the improvement of intestinal health.This review first summarizes the current status of Paneth cells in pig,cattle,sheep,horse,chicken and rabbit,and points out future directions for the investigation of Paneth cells in the reviewed animals.

DSAFF-Net:A Backbone Network Based on Mask R-CNN for Small Object Detection

Recently,object detection based on convolutional neural networks(CNNs)has developed rapidly.The backbone networks for basic feature extraction are an important component of the whole detection task.Therefore,we present a new feature extraction strategy in this paper,which name is DSAFF-Net.In this strategy,we design:1)a sandwich attention feature fusion module(SAFF module).Its purpose is to enhance the semantic information of shallow features and resolution of deep features,which is beneficial to small object detection after feature fusion.2)to add a new stage called D-block to alleviate the disadvantages of decreasing spatial resolution when the pooling layer increases the receptive field.The method proposed in the new stage replaces the original method of obtaining the P6 feature map and uses the result as the input of the regional proposal network(RPN).In the experimental phase,we use the new strategy to extract features.The experiment takes the public dataset of Microsoft Common Objects in Context(MS COCO)object detection and the dataset of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)image classification as the experimental object respectively.The results show that the average recognition accuracy of COVID-19 in the classification dataset is improved to 98.163%,and small object detection in object detection tasks is improved by 4.0%.

New classification system for radical rectal cancer surgery based on membrane anatomy

BACKGROUND Total mesorectal excision along the“holy plane”is the only radical surgery for rectal cancer,regardless of tumor size,localization or even tumor stage.However,according to the concept of membrane anatomy,multiple fascial spaces around the rectum could be used as the surgical plane to achieve radical resection.AIM To propose a new membrane anatomical and staging-oriented classification system for tailoring the radicality during rectal cancer surgery.METHODS A three-dimensional template of the member anatomy of the pelvis was established,and the existing anatomical nomenclatures were clarified by cadaveric dissection study and laparoscopic surgical observation.Then,we suggested a new and simple classification system for rectal cancer surgery.For simplification,the classification was based only on the lateral extent of resection.RESULTS The fascia propria of the rectum,urogenital fascia,vesicohypogastric fascia and parietal fascia lie side by side around the rectum and form three spaces(medial,middle and lateral),and blood vessels and nerves are precisely positioned in the fascia or space.Three types of radical surgery for rectal cancer are described,as are a few subtypes that consider nerve preservation.The surgical planes of the proposed radical surgeries(types A,B and C)correspond exactly to the medial,middle,and lateral spaces,respectively.CONCLUSION Three types of radical surgery can be precisely defined based on membrane anatomy,including nerve-sparing procedures.Our classification system may offer an optimal tool for tailoring rectal cancer surgery.

Codominance Functional Marker of Bacterial Blight Resistance Gene Xa7 in Rice

[Objectives]A codominance functional marker of the broad-spectrum bacterial blight resistance gene,Xa7,of rice was identified for accurate detection,generation tracking,and differentiation between homozygous and hemizygous genotypes of the gene.[Methods]A potential functional marker containing four primers was designed using Premier 5 software and based on the differences on the sequences of Xa7,xa7,and allele-free genomes.The molecular distinctness of the marker in different materials was verified by PCR.Three crossbreed lines of Xa7 and their parents were inoculated with seven bacterial blight strains at the booting stage to examine the affected agronomic traits at maturation.[Results]The homozygous R084 of Xa7 could be amplified into a 91 bp band and the Nip free of allele with a 153 bp band,while the heterozygote Nip/R084,91 bp and 153 bp bands.The candidate codominance marker,Xa7fun,amplified fragments that matched the predicted target bands.No 91 bp fragment was amplified from 18 germplasms of varied types,indicating a lack of Xa7 in them.Whereas Ry1,Ry2 and Ry3 had a 91 bp band,suggesting the inclusion of homozygous Xa7.Under an elevated temperature,Huazhan responded to the seven bacterial blight pathogens as highly susceptible(HS),intermediate susceptible(MS),or susceptible(S);R084 to six of the seven pathogens(HNA1-4,FuJ,GDA2,GD1358,PX086,and YN24)as highly resistant(HR),intermediate resistant(MR)or resistant(R);Ry-1 to five pathogens(GDA2,HNA1-4,FuJ,GD1358,and YN24)as HR or MR;Ry-2 to five pathogens(GDA2,GD1358,HNA1-4,PXO86,and YN24)as HR or R;and Ry-3 to 6 pathogens(HNA1-4,FuJ,GDA2,GD1358,PXO86,and YN24)as HR or MR.Therefore,the infiltration of Xa7 in the improved crossbred lines RY-1,RY-2,and RY-3 significantly accentuated the blight resistance of Huazhan.[Conclusions]Homozygous or hemizygous Xa7 could be accurately differentiated by the currently identified codominance functional marker Xa7 fun.The Xa7 introgression did not significantly alter the critical agronomic traits in the hybridization from generation to generation and could be safely applied in breeding rice varieties with bacterial blight resistance.

母猪妊娠后期肥胖将加重其围产期代谢紊乱,影响仔猪生产性能和肠道健康

研究探讨了妊娠后期母猪肥胖对其围产期代谢状况及仔猪生产性能、肠道健康和免疫系统的影响。选用经产长白×大白母猪60头,将妊娠109日龄母猪按背膘厚度分为两组(正常背膘厚度组=17 mm;背膘过厚组,≥21 mm)。试验结果表明,母猪妊娠后期背膘厚度过大,降低了活产仔猪总数和窝重。与正常背膘厚度母猪相比,背膘厚度过大会使母猪血糖、白介素6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平和稳态模型胰岛素评价抵抗值升高。过厚的背膘还降低了围产期母猪血浆中总超氧化物歧化酶的含量,增加了硫代巴比妥酸活性物质的含量。此外,过厚背膘母猪的粪便中TNF-α水平升高,而白介素10(IL-10)水平下降。最终结论是母猪妊娠后期肥胖加重了围产期母猪的代谢紊乱,降低了活产仔猪的数量,对母猪及其后代的肠道健康产生了不利影响。

Efficacy of Medication Directed by Home-Monitoring Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Chronic Heart Failure Patients

PATIENTS with chronic heart failure(CHF)have a high incidence of atrial/ventricular arrhythmias which seriously affect life span and quality of life.Cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)can improve cardiac function and reverse myocardial remodeling,therefore improving the quality of life and reducing mortality.CRT with Home-Monitoring(HM)can be used to monitor cardiac arrhythmias and other

Effect of heat treatment on LPSO morphology and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Y-Gd alloys

The mechanical properties and microstructure were investigated under different Zn content and heat treatment conditions in a Mg-Zn-YGd cast alloy.A part of the long period stacking order(LPSO)phases transformed to W-M^ZnaRE?phases with an increase in Zn content from 0.9 at.%to 1.8 at.%,and the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)increased from 229 MPa to 248 MPa.With solution treatment at 480°C,the content of the LPSO phase and strength sharply decreased in the Mg-1.8Zn-0.8Y-0.8Gd alloy,whereas this change was not significantly observed in the Mg-0.9Zn-O.8Y-O.8Gd alloy.After solution treatment,the elongation significantly improved and the UTS sharply decreased in both alloys.The lamellar and filminess LPSO phases were observed with aging treatment at 200℃.Moreover,the strengthening efficiency of lamellar and filminess LPSO phases was lower than that of the block LPSO phases.Therefore,the UTS of the T6 state was lower than that of the as-cast alloy.