1991—2022年法医人类学遗骸识别文献计量学分析

目的对法医人类学遗骸识别研究领域的文献进行计量学分析,描述当前的研究现状并预测未来的研究热点。方法基于Web of Science信息服务平台(以下简称“WoS”)中核心数据库(Web of Science Core Collection,WoSCC)检索和提取的数据,分析1991—2022年遗骸识别研究的发展趋势和主题变化。运用python3.9.2和Gephi0.10对法医人类学遗骸识别相关研究的发文趋势、国家(地区)、机构、作者和主题进行网络可视化分析。结果获得法医人类学遗骸识别相关英文文献873篇。发表文献数量最多的期刊是Forensic Science International(164篇),发文最多的国家(地区)是中国(90篇),Katholieke Univ Leuven(荷兰,21篇)是发表英文文献最多的机构。主题分析结果显示,人类遗骸研究的热点是遗骸的性别鉴定和年龄推断,并且常用的遗骸是牙齿。结论法医人类学遗骸识别研究领域的发文量具有明显的阶段性,然而,国际合作与国内合作的范围尚显局限。传统的遗骸识别主要依赖于骨盆、颅骨和牙齿等关键部位。未来的研究热点将聚焦于利用机器学习和深度学习技术,对多种骨骼遗骸进行更为精准和高效的鉴定。

Auxetic mechanical metamaterials: from soft to stiff

Auxetic mechanical metamaterials are artificially architected materials that possess negative Poisson’s ratio,demonstrating transversal contracting deformation under external vertical compression loading.Their physical properties are mainly determined by spatial topological configurations.Traditionally,classical auxetic mechanical metamaterials exhibit relatively lower mechanical stiffness,compared to classic stretching dominated architectures.Nevertheless,in recent years,several novel auxetic mechanical metamaterials with high stiffness have been designed and proposed for energy absorption,load-bearing,and thermal-mechanical coupling applications.In this paper,mechanical design methods for designing auxetic structures with soft and stiff mechanical behavior are summarized and classified.For soft auxetic mechanical metamaterials,classic methods,such as using soft basic material,hierarchical design,tensile braided design,and curved ribs,are proposed.In comparison,for stiff auxetic mechanical metamaterials,design schemes,such as hard base material,hierarchical design,composite design,and adding additional load-bearing ribs,are proposed.Multi-functional applications of soft and stiff auxetic mechanical metamaterials are then reviewed.We hope this study could provide some guidelines for designing programmed auxetics with specified mechanical stiffness and deformation abilities according to demand.

A Rapid-Ab/Desorption and Portable Photothermal MIL- 101(Cr) Nanofibrous Composite Membrane Fabricated by Spray-Electrospinning for Atmosphere Water Harvesting

MIL-101(Cr)is a promising moisture absorbent for solar-driven water harvesting from moisture to tackle the worldwide water shortage issue.However,the MIL-101(Cr)powder suffers from a long ab/desorption cycle due to the crystal aggregation caused by its inherent powder properties.Here,we demonstrate a MIL-101(Cr)nanofibrous composite membrane with a nanofibrous matrix where MIL-101(Cr)is monodisperse in the 3D porous nanofibrous matrix through a simple spray-electrospinning strategy.The continuous porous nanofibrous matrix not only offers sufficient sites for MIL-101(Cr)loading but also provides rapid moisture transport channels,resulting in a super-rapid ab/desorption duration of 50 min(including an absorption process for 40 min and a desorption process for 10 min)and multicycle daily water production of 15.9 L kg^(−1) d^(−1).Besides,the MIL-101(Cr)nanofibrous composite membrane establishes a high solar absorption of 92.8%,and excellent photothermal conversion with the surface temperature of 70.7°C under one-sun irradiation.In addition,the MIL-101(Cr)nanofibrous composite membrane shows excellent potential for practical application due to its flexibility,portability,and use stability.This work provides a new perspective of shortening MOF ab/desorption duration by introducing a porous nanofibrous matrix to improve the specific water production for the solar-driven ab/desorption water harvesting technique.

基于SSA-SVM的网络入侵检测研究

互联网快速发展使得网络空间越来越复杂,网络入侵导致网络安全问题备受关注。为提升网络入侵的检测效率和精度,构建了基于支持向量机的网络入侵检测模型。支持向量机模型的惩罚系数和核函数参数直接影响入侵模型的检测精度,采用麻雀搜索算法对惩罚系数和核函数参数进行优化,提出了基于麻雀搜索算法和支持向量机的网络入侵检测模型。将提出的网络入侵检测模型应用于实际的网络入侵检测中,并与PSO-SVM和SVM模型进行对比。结果表明,所提出的网络入侵检测模型能够有效降低网络入侵的误报率,这对确保网络安全具有一定的现实意义。

A General Strategy to Electrospin Nanofibers with Ultrahigh Molecular Chain Orientation

The degree of polymer chain orientation is a key structural parameter that determines the mechanical and physical properties of fibers.However,understanding and significantly tuning the orientation of fiber macromolecular chains remain elusive.Herein,we propose a novel electrospinning technique that can efficiently modulate molecular chain orientation by controlling the electric field.In contrast to the typical electrospinning method,this technique can piecewise control the electric field by applying high voltage to the metal ring instead of the needle.Benefiting from this change,a new electric field distribution can be realized,leading to a non-monotonic change in the drafting force.As a result,the macromolecular chain orientation of polyethylene oxide(PEO)nanofibers was significantly improved with a recordhigh infrared dichroic ratio.This was further confirmed by the sharp decrease in the PEO jet fineness of approximately 80%and the nanofiber diameter from 298 to 114 nm.Interestingly,the crystallinity can also be adjusted,with an obvious drop from 74.9%to 31.7%,which is different from the high crystallinity caused by oriented chains in common materials.This work guides a new perspective for the preparation of advanced electrospun nanofibers with optimal orientation–crystallinity properties,a merited feature for various applications.

Acupuncture therapies in combination with conservative treatments for postoperative ileus:a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Background:Although acupuncture therapies have been widely used in combination with conservative treatments(CT)for postoperative ileus(POI),evidence of their safety and efficacy remains scarce.To evaluate and rank the efficacy of different acupuncture therapies combined with CT for POI.Methods:A comprehensive search was carried out in several databases(Embase,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data,VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database and China Biology Medicine disc)for relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs)investigating different acupuncture therapies for POI from inception to February 17,2023.The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to determine the risks of bias of the included RCTs.The primary outcomes included the time to first defecation,time to first flatus,and time to first bowel movement;and the secondary outcome was the response rate.Pairwise meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3 software,and network meta-analysis was carried out by Stata v.15.0 software.The cumulative ranking curve was obtained with Stata v.15.0 and was utilized to rank the included treatments.Results:29 studies with 2,600 participants were included in this systematic review.This meta-analysis demonstrated that all acupuncture therapies combined with CT were superior to conservative treatments alone in time to first defecation,time to first flatus,time to first bowel movement,and response rate.Among 10 evaluated methods,auricular needle with CT was the most effective treatment to reduce the time to first defecation.Furthermore,moxibustion with CT was the most effective in reducing the time to first flatus,and warm needling with CT most markedly reduced the time to first bowel movement among 9 interventions.Moreover,manual acupuncture with CT showed the largest improvement in response rate.Conclusion:This meta-analysis revealed that all acupuncture therapies are effective and safe for POI,with warm needling+CT being the most effective way to relieve symptoms.These results indicated that acupuncture therapies combined with CT should be considered for POI patients.However,most of the included trials were ranked as moderate quality,and further large-scale,high-quality RCTs are required to confirm the optimal interventions for POI patients.

基于中医传承辅助平台探讨禽流感中医兽药规律研究

该文通过中医传承辅助平台挖掘现代文献,探究禽流感中医兽药的处方用药规律,为禽流感中兽药开发提供参考。以“中兽药”“鸡”“禽流感”等为检索词来检索中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库,检索时间区间为建库至2022年10月。应用EndNote X9进行文献筛选合并,建立治疗禽流感的中医兽药数据库,采用频数分析、聚类分析、关联规则分析等技术研究用药规律。结果表明:248篇文献359味中药中,频次排前10的为金银花、黄芪、甘草、板蓝根、连翘、黄芩、大青叶、鱼腥草、柴胡和黄连;四气出现频次由高到低排序为寒、温、平、凉、热;五味为苦味、甘味、辛味、酸味、咸味;归经为肺、胃、心、脾和肝;功效统计归类前五位为清热药、补虚药、解表药、化痰止咳平喘药以及利水渗湿药。关联分析中发现,金银花-板蓝根二组合药物出现频次最高,但置信度最高为板蓝根-连翘-金银花三组合药物。聚类分析中,发现三组合中黄芪、金银花、甘草、鱼腥草、板蓝根组合出现频次最高,为133次。可见,中药治疗禽流感类疾病具有一定的规律,其治疗以清热类为主,以“板蓝根-连翘-金银花”为核心药组,佐以补虚类、解表类等,可为治疗禽流感中兽药新药开发提供参考。

一种改进的二进制哈希编码方法

为了应对手工视觉特征与哈希编码过程不能最佳地兼容以及现有哈希方法无法区分图像语义信息的问题,提出一种基于深度卷积神经网络学习二进制哈希编码的方法.该方法基本思想是在深度残差网络中增加一个哈希层,同时学习图像特征和哈希函数;以此同时提出一种更加紧凑的分级哈希结构,用来提取更加接近图像语义的特征.经MNIST、CIFAR-10、NUS-WIDE数据集的实验,结果表明该方法优于现有的哈希方法.该方法不仅统一了特征学习和哈希编码的过程,同时深层残差网络也能得到更接近图像语义的特征,进而提高了检索准确度.

全腹腔镜与腹腔镜辅助行远端胃癌毕Ⅰ式吻合术后并发症的影响因素分析

目的探讨腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术行毕I式吻合术后并发症发生的危险因素。方法选取2014年6月-2016年12月该院收治的134例远端胃癌患者,其中83例行腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术,51例行全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术;比较两种手术方式术后并发症发生率并分析术后并发症发生率的高危因素。结果术后共16例(11.94%)出现并发症,其中严重并发症3例(2.24%)。两种手术方式术后并发症发生率比较有差异(10.84%vs 13.73%;χ~2=0.250,P=0.617)。术后并发症与年龄、术前合并症、手术时间及手术出血量和术者经验有关(P<0.05),而与性别、体重指数(BMI)、术前白蛋白、术前血红蛋白、手术方式、病理分化类型、肿瘤大小、肿瘤T分期、N分期及TNM分期无关(P>0.05)。中度、重度术前合并症和术者经验是影响术后并发症发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论全腹腔镜下毕Ⅰ式吻合治疗远端胃癌安全可行。但对中度、重度术前合并症及术者经验缺乏的患者,需警惕术后并发症的发生。

Investigation of methane adsorption on chlorite by grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations

In this paper, the methane adsorption behaviours in slit-like chlorite nanopores were investigated using the grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation method, and the influences of the pore sizes, temperatures, water, and compositions on methane adsorption on chlorite were discussed. Our investigation revealed that the isosteric heat of adsorption of methane in slit-like chlorite nanopores decreased with an increase in pore size and was less than 42 kJ/mol, suggesting that methane adsorbed on chlorite through physical adsorption. The methane excess adsorp- tion capacity increased with the increase in the pore size in micropores and decreased with the increase in the pore size in mesopores. The methane excess adsorption capacity in chlorite pores increased with an increase in pressure or decrease in pore size. With an increase in temperature, the isosteric heats of adsorption of methane decreased and the methane adsorption sites on chlorite changed from lower- energy adsorption sites to higher-energy sites, leading to the reduction in the methane excess adsorption capacity. Water molecules in chlorite pores occupied the pore wall in a directional manner, which may be related to the van der Waals and Coulomb force interactions and the hydrogen bonding interaction. It was also found that water molecules existed as aggregates. With increasing water content, the water molecules occupied the adsorption sites and adsorption space of the methane, leading to a reduction in the methane excess adsorption capacity. The excess adsorption capacity of gas on chlorite decreased in the following order： carbon dioxide 〉 methane 〉 nitrogen. If the mole fraction of nitrogen or carbon dioxide in the binary gas mixture increased, the mole fraction of methane decreased, methane adsorption sites changed, and methane adsorption space was reduced, resulting in the decrease in the methane excess adsorption capacity.

Spatial and temporal water quality characteristics of Poyang Lake Migratory Bird Sanctuary in China

Poyang Lake Migratory Bird Sanctuary includes Bang Lake, Sha Lake, Dahu Lake, and estuaries of the Xiu and Gan Rivers in the Migratory Bird Natural Reserve. Water samples were collected and analyzed to study spatial and temporal water quality variation. Strong seasonal variation of water quality was found. The water quality of Bang Lake was relatively poor compared to Sha and Dahu Lakes in the wet season, but better in the normal season. During the dry season, the water quality of Bang Lake is negatively affected by the activity of migratory birds. According to the correlation analysis of monthly concentrations of each parameter, the concentrations of COD, NH?-4–N, and NO3–N were highly correlated. The correlation index was 0.829 and significance index was0.042 \ 0.05. From north to south within Bang Lake, the concentration of TN decreased; however, the concentration of Chl-a increased. From east to west within Bang Lake,concentrations of COD, NH?4–N, NO-3–N, and Chl-a increased. The Xiu and Gan Rivers influence the water quality of Bang Lake, especially in the northeast area of the lake. The water quality of Bang Lake only reached Chinese water quality standard level IV or V according to a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The evaluation factors impacting Bang Lake are TN[TP[NH?4–N[COD, in order of decreasing importance. The waters of Poyang Lake Migratory Bird Sanctuary have been polluted; one of the important contributing factors was migratory birds' disturbance and feces.

Symbol Error Rate Performance Analysis of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access for Visible Light Communications

Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) is considered as one of promising radio access techniques for visible light communications(VLC) in next-generation wireless communications systems.In order to provide theoretical support for designing VLC-NOMA,we derive its analytic expressions for the symbol error rate(SER).Specifically,NOMA is first incorporated with appropriate VLC to establish a VLC-NOMA framework.Afterwards,mathematical expressions of the SER for the VLC-NOMA are developed.Moreover,numerical results are provided carefully to demonstrate that the proposed VLC-NOMA scheme outperforms than state-of-the-art orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA) one in terms of SER performance.Finally,relationships between the SER performance and the number of users,power allocation coefficient and semi-angle are well investigated,which can give us a scientific guide to devise the VLC-NOMA system for achieving better SER performance.

Introduction to the Special Issue on Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures

Plate,shell and panel are basic structures used in engineering and industry.These structures play an important role as main supporting component in all kinds of structures in machinery,civil engineering,ship building,flight vehicle manufacturing,etc.Composite materials and structures are widely used in aerospace,marine,automobile industries due to their designable characteristic,lightweight advantageous,high specific strength and stiffness.Common configurations include laminated materials,hybrid layered materials,sandwich core materials and structures(foam,honeycomb,corrugated and lattice cores,etc.).How to establish an accurate analytical and numerical model is one of the most important subjects in composite materials and structures.The topics discussed in this special issue include aspects of core-face bonding and reinforcement,enhancement of core mechanical properties and panel performance(including the role of structural hierarchy),and multifunctional advantages offered by different core constructions.In addition,the special issue discusses potential applications,including in morphing wing design,impact resistance and ultralightweight applications.Future research directions are discussed.

PREPARATION AND CATALYTIC HTDROGENATION BEHAVIOUR OF POLYMERIC PORPHYRIN－PALLADIUM COMPLEX

The complex of galladium with the polymeric meso-tetraphenylporphyr in which is linked by terephtgthalate bas been synthesixzed. The complex possesses a higl catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of 1-hexene and nitrobenzene, and it has been found that the catalytic activity is affected by reaction temperature, concentration of the substrate and the amount of catalyst.

Preparation of crab-shell-based N,O co-doped graded porous carbon for supercapacitors using the confined nanospace deposition

Biomass-based carbon materials with hierarchical porous structures have attracted attention for their ability to provide more channels and shorten ion transport paths.Here,we developed a simple method based on confined nanospace deposition.Dur-ing high-temperature treatment,the mesoporous silica layer wrapped around the outside of the crab shells acted as a closed nanospace and effectively suppressed the severe deformation of the crab shell structure by shrinking inward.The prepared carbon material has a layered porous structure with abundant and stable N and O co-doping(N 7.32%,O 3.69%).The specific capacitance of the three-electrode system was 134.3 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g in a 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte,and the assembled aqueous symmetric supercapacitors exhibited an excellent cycling stability of 98.81%even after 5000 cycles.

Recent advances in breathable electronics

The successful implementation of bioelectronic devices attached to living organism hinges on a number of material and device characteristics,including not only electrical and mechanical performances to gather physiological signals from living organism thus enabling status monitoring,but also permeability or breathability for gas/nutrient exchange between living organisms and surroundings to ensure minimum perturbation of the intrinsic biological function.However,most bioelectronic devices built on planar polymeric substrates,such as polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),polyurethane(PU),and polyimide(PI),lack efficient gas permeability,which may hinder the emission of volatile compounds from the surface of living organism,affecting the natural metabolism and reducing the comfort of wearing.Thus,achieving permeability or breathability in bioelectronic devices is a significant challenge.Currently,the devices made of gas-permeable materials with porous structures,that combine electronic components with daily garments,such as fibric and textile,offer exciting opportunities for breathable electronics.In this review,several types of gas-permeable materials with their synthesis and processing routes are outlines.Then,two methods for measuring water vapor transmission rate of materials are discussed in depth.Finally,recent progress in the use of gaspermeable materials for the applications of plant-and skin-attached electronics is summarized systematically.

通过5-氨基-4-甲酰基咪唑盐酸盐提高可印刷介观钙钛矿太阳能电池的光伏性能

基于m-TiO_(2)/m-ZrO_(2)/C的无空穴可印刷介观钙钛矿太阳能电池(p-MPSCs)具有成本低廉、操作简便和稳定性优异的特点,被认为是最具商业应用潜力的新型光伏器件之一.然而,与传统PSC相比,p-MPSCs的开路电压(VOC)损失较大,导致能量转换效率(PCE)与传统PSC存在差距.在此,我们提出了一种利用5-氨基-4甲酰胺咪唑盐酸盐(AICA)提升p-MPSCs开路电压的方法.AICA不仅可以调节钙钛矿膜的功函数,其酰胺基团和氨基还能分别钝化钙钛矿中未配位的Pb2+和I−缺陷,稳定钙钛矿的结构,形成高质量钙钛矿薄膜,从而抑制缺陷诱导的非辐射复合.因此,引入AICA后p-MPSCs获得了16.68%的PCE,并且VOC从0.88提升至0.98 V.

Phonon and photon lasing dynamics in optomechanical cavities

Lasers differ from other light sources in that they are coherent,and their coherence makes them indispensable to both fundamental research and practical application.In optomechanical cavities,photon and phonon lasing is facilitated by the ability of photons and phonons to interact intensively and excite one another coherently.The lasing linewidths of both phonons and photons are critical for practical application.This study investigates the lasing linewidths of photons and phonons from the underlying dynamics in an optomechanical cavity.We find that the linewidths can be accounted for by two distinct physical mechanisms in two regimes,namely the normal regime and the reversed regime,where the intrinsic optical decay rate is either larger or smaller than the intrinsic mechanical decay rate.In the normal regime,an ultra-narrow spectral linewidth of 5.4 kHz for phonon lasing at 6.22 GHz can be achieved regardless of the linewidth of the pump light,while these results are counterintuitively unattainable for photon lasing in the reversed regime.These results pave the way towards harnessing the coherence of both photons and phonons in silicon photonic devices and reshaping their spectra,potentially opening up new technologies in sensing,metrology,spectroscopy,and signal processing,as well as in applications requiring sources that offer an ultra-high degree of coherence.

Design,fabrication,and dynamic mechanical responses of fiber-reinforced composite lattice materials

Fiber-reinforced composites are a popular lightweight materials used in a variety of engineering applications,such as aerospace,architecture,automotive,and marine construction,due to their attractive mechanical properties.Constructing lattice materials from fiber-reinforced composites is an efficient approach for developing ultra-lightweight structural systems with superior mechanical proper-ties and multifunctional benefits.In contrast to corrugated,foam,and honeycomb core materials,composite lattice materials can be manufactured with various architectural designs,such as woven,grid,and truss cores.Moreover,lattice materials with open-cell topology provide multifunctional advantages over conventional closed-cell honeycomb and foam structures and are thus highly desirable for developing aerospace systems,hypersonic vehicles,long-range rockets and missiles,ship and naval structures,and protective systems.The objective of this study is to review and analyze dynamic mechanical behavior performed by different researchers in the area of composite lattice materials and to highlight topics for future research.

A rare complication of pelvic perforation by an excessive medial slide of the helical blade after treatment of an intertrochanteric fracture with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation:A case report and literature review

Intertrochanteric fractures have become a severe public health problem in elderly patients.Proximal femoral nail anti-rotation(PFNA)is a commonly used intramedullary fixation device for unstable intertrochanteric fractures.Pelvic perforation by cephalic screw is a rare complication.We reported an 84-year-old female who fell at home and sustained an intertrochanteric fracture.The patient underwent surgery with PFNA as the intramedullary fixation device.Routine postoperative examination revealed medial migration of the helical blade that eventually caused pelvic perforation.We performed a cemented total hip arthroplasty as the savage procedure.At the latest follow-up of 12 months after total hip arthroplasty,the patient had no pain or loosening of the prosthesis in the left hip.Pelvic perforation should be considered when choosing PFNA as the intramedullary fixation device,especially in patients with severe osteoporosis wherein the helical blade can be easily inserted during the operation.The lack of devices to avoid oversliding of the helical blade in PFNA is an unreported cause of this complication and should be considered in such cases.