Role of CD36 in central nervous system diseases

CD36 is a highly glycosylated integral membrane protein that belongs to the scavenger receptor class B family and regulates the pathological progress of metabolic diseases.CD36 was recently found to be widely expressed in various cell types in the nervous system,including endothelial cells,pericytes,astrocytes,and microglia.CD36 mediates a number of regulatory processes,such as endothelial dysfunction,oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction,and inflammatory responses,which are involved in many central nervous system diseases,such as stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and spinal cord injury.CD36 antagonists can suppress CD36 expression or prevent CD36 binding to its ligand,thereby achieving inhibition of CD36-mediated pathways or functions.Here,we reviewed the mechanisms of action of CD36 antagonists,such as Salvianolic acid B,tanshinone IIA,curcumin,sulfosuccinimidyl oleate,antioxidants,and small-molecule compounds.Moreover,we predicted the structures of binding sites between CD36 and antagonists.These sites can provide targets for more efficient and safer CD36 antagonists for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.

基于网络药理学和细胞验证从PI3K-Akt通路探讨半夏白术天麻汤干预甲基苯丙胺成瘾的作用机制

目的研究半夏白术天麻汤(Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction,BBTD)干预甲基苯丙胺(methamphetamine,MA)成瘾的网络药理学机制。方法利用网络药理学分析BBTD干预MA成瘾的作用机制,进一步构建MA依赖SH-SY5Y细胞模型,观察BBTD对细胞模型及PI3K-Akt通路的影响。结果筛选得到BBTD活性成分88个及其靶点583个;KEGG表明BBTD干预MA成瘾可能与PI3K-Akt、cAMP等通路相关;分子对接显示关键活性物质与PI3K-Akt通路核心靶点均有较好的结合活性。细胞实验显示,MA依赖模型细胞突触变短、细胞边界模糊,呈现典型的细胞损伤形态,且胞内cAMP高表达(P<0.01)、5-HT低表达(P<0.05);BBTD干预可对抗上述形态学、cAMP及5-HT变化,提示其对MA依赖模型细胞有一定治疗作用。Western blot显示,MA造模可以升高p-PI3K/PI3K(P<0.05)和p-Akt/Akt(P<0.01)的比值,BBTD干预可以降低其比值。结论BBTD中天麻素等活性成分对MA成瘾有一定治疗作用,其机制可能与调控PI3K-Akt信号通路有关。

三角槽道层流脉动流的流场分布特性及热量输运规律研究

为了解析小尺度周期性扩缩结构流道与脉动流结合的复合强化传热机理,以水为工质,对三角槽道层流脉动流动特性及热量输运规律进行了研究。以“二次流”为切入点、“涡及涡运动”为视角,分析了Strouhal数(St)、脉动振幅(A)等脉动参数对三角槽道层流脉动流动及传热过程的影响,揭示了二次流强度与三角槽道层流脉动流传热的关联性。结果表明:通过调节St与A优化涡旋运动状态,可将场协同角(β)缩减5°以上,增强温度梯度与速度矢量两者的协同性,最大传热效率可提升55%以上;St的设置旨在优化涡心运动路径,存在最优St值,使传热效率提升40%以上;A的设置旨在提升涡旋强度及尺寸,当A<100%时,最大传热效率提升约15%;St和A对于层流脉动传热的影响情况,还可采用二次流强度定量反馈,以寻求较优的St和A匹配数值,有效控制传热效率及能耗量。研究结果可为解决高黏度、低流速等工程环境(如光热电站熔盐系统管路、熔盐电加热器换热管)或者小尺度异型管道的流动及传热问题提供参考。

Impacts of Comorbidity and Mental Shock on Organic Micropollutants in Surface Water During and After the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Wuhan (2019–2021), China

The first pandemic wave of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)induced a considerable increase in several antivirals and antibiotics in surface water.The common symptoms of COVID-19 are viral and bacterial infections,while comorbidities(e.g.,hypertension and diabetes)and mental shock(e.g.,insomnia and anxiety)are nonnegligible.Nevertheless,little is known about the long-term impacts of comorbidities and mental shock on organic micropollutants(OMPs)in surface waters.Herein,we monitored 114 OMPs in surface water and wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)in Wuhan,China,between 2019 and 2021.The pandemic-induced OMP pollution in surface water was confirmed by significant increases in 26 OMP concentrations.Significant increases in four antihypertensives and one diabetic drug suggest that the treatment of comorbidities may induce OMP pollution.Notably,cotinine(a metabolite of nicotine)increased 155 times to 187 ngL1,which might be associated with increased smoking.Additionally,the increases in zolpidem and sulpiride might be the result of worsened insomnia and depression.Hence,it is reasonable to note that mental-health protecting drugs/behavior also contributed to OMP pollution.Among the observed OMPs,telmisartan,lopinavir,and ritonavir were associated with significantly higher ecological risks because of their limited WWTP-removal rate and high ecotoxicity.This study provides new insights into the effects of comorbidities and mental shock on OMPs in surface water during a pandemic and highlights the need to monitor the fate of related pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment and to improve their removal efficiencies in WWTPs。

African Bison Optimization Algorithm:A New Bio-Inspired Optimizer with Engineering Applications

This paper introduces the African Bison Optimization(ABO)algorithm,which is based on biological population.ABO is inspired by the survival behaviors of the African bison,including foraging,bathing,jousting,mating,and eliminating.The foraging behavior prompts the bison to seek a richer food source for survival.When bison find a food source,they stick around for a while by bathing behavior.The jousting behavior makes bison stand out in the population,then the winner gets the chance to produce offspring in the mating behavior.The eliminating behavior causes the old or injured bison to be weeded out from the herd,thus maintaining the excellent individuals.The above behaviors are translated into ABO by mathematical modeling.To assess the reliability and performance of ABO,it is evaluated on a diverse set of 23 benchmark functions and applied to solve five practical engineering problems with constraints.The findings from the simulation demonstrate that ABO exhibits superior and more competitive performance by effectively managing the trade-off between exploration and exploitation when compared with the other nine popular metaheuristics algorithms.

Role Dynamic Allocation of Human-Robot Cooperation Based on Reinforcement Learning in an Installation of Curtain Wall

A real-time adaptive roles allocation method based on reinforcement learning is proposed to improve humanrobot cooperation performance for a curtain wall installation task.This method breaks the traditional idea that the robot is regarded as the follower or only adjusts the leader and the follower in cooperation.In this paper,a self-learning method is proposed which can dynamically adapt and continuously adjust the initiative weight of the robot according to the change of the task.Firstly,the physical human-robot cooperation model,including the role factor is built.Then,a reinforcement learningmodel that can adjust the role factor in real time is established,and a reward and actionmodel is designed.The role factor can be adjusted continuously according to the comprehensive performance of the human-robot interaction force and the robot’s Jerk during the repeated installation.Finally,the roles adjustment rule established above continuously improves the comprehensive performance.Experiments of the dynamic roles allocation and the effect of the performance weighting coefficient on the result have been verified.The results show that the proposed method can realize the role adaptation and achieve the dual optimization goal of reducing the sum of the cooperator force and the robot’s Jerk.

Clinical Study on the Treatment of Senile Alzheimer’s Dementia with Sodium Oligomannate Combined with Memantine Hydrochloride

Objective:To analyze the clinical effects of sodium oligomannate combined with memantine hydrochloride in the treatment of senile Alzheimer’s dementia.Methods:Sixty-eight cases of Alzheimer’s dementia treated at the Second People’s Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2020 to March 2022 were selected as the study subjects.The patients were divided into two groups based on different treatment methods:the control group(treated with memantine hydrochloride,34 cases)and the treatment group(treated with sodium oligomannate+memantine hydrochloride,34 cases).Cognitive function,activities of daily living,neurotransmitters,serum intestinal flora metabolic markers,inflammatory factors,neurotrophic factors,and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:The treatment group showed better cognitive function,quality of life scores,and levels of relevant metabolic markers in the body compared to the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(treatment group:2%;control group:4%)was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=0.731,P=0.393).Conclusion:Sodium oligomannate combined with memantine hydrochloride has better efficacy than the control group for treating senile Alzheimer’s dementia.It significantly improves and restores cognitive function and daily living abilities,benefits neurotransmitter secretion and internal regulation,upregulates the expression of neurotrophic factors,and has fewer adverse reactions,making it a treatment worthy of further clinical promotion and application.

[Co_(3)]簇基金属有机框架材料实现“一石二鸟”高效催化CO_(2)转化为噁唑烷酮

噁唑烷酮是药物化学中重要的中间体,可以通过炔丙基胺类或氮杂环类化合物与CO_(2)的环化获得。合成一种可以同时催化这两种反应的催化剂是一件有很强吸引力,但极具挑战性的工作。本文合成了一例独特的三维(3D)[CO_(3)]簇金属-有机框架(MOF){(CH_(3)NH_(2)CH_(3))2[CO_(3)(BCP)_(2)]·6H_(2)O·4DMF}n(1)并进行了表征,1表现出良好的溶剂稳定性和热稳定性。催化实验结果表明,1可以高效催化氮杂环或炔丙基胺类化合物与CO_(2)反应来制备噁唑烷酮,并且催化剂对两种反应都具有广泛的底物普适性和良好的循环使用性。对照实验和核磁共振测试表明,1中路易斯酸和路易斯碱位点的共存是高效催化的原因。化合物1作为一种新型催化剂,成功实现了“一石二鸟”高效催化CO_(2)转化为噁唑烷酮。

Generic classification of Asian horned toads(Anura:Megophryidae: Megophryinae) and monograph of Chinese species

The subfamily Megophryinae,as a representative batrachian group of the Oriental Realm and one of the most diverse groups of amphibians,has attracted considerable attention due to continued conjecture regarding its generic classification and failure to reach a satisfactory consensus.China boasts the richest diversity of Asian horned toads,containing some two thirds of the total species cataloged.However,most species have a complicated taxonomic history,resulting in multiple misidentifications.As such,an overall clarification of historical records and regional checklists is required.In the current investigation,we established the phylogeny of the Asian horned toads and performed detailed examinations with redefinitions of several important morphological traits.Based on the phylogenetic relationships and morphological differences,we propose a new ten-genus classification for the Asian horned toad subfamily Megophryinae:i.e.,Brachytarsophrys,Atympanophrys,Grillitschia,Sarawakiphrys gen.nov.,Jingophrys gen.nov.,Xenophrys,Megophrys,Pelobatrachus,Ophryophryne,and Boulenophrys.Revisions on the diagnosability,distribution,and content of each genus are provided.Furthermore,we present a careful review of the taxonomic history of Asian horned toad species from China and provide a monograph of congeners,including six species of Brachytarsophrys,four species of Atympanophrys,five species of Jingophrys gen.nov.,10 species of Xenophrys,two species of Ophryophryne,and 60 species of Boulenophrys.Finally,we discuss the importance of traditional morphological traits based on multiple populations in taxonomic work as well as taxonomic inflation caused by the genetic species delimitation.

Effectively Modulating Oxygen Vacancies in Flower‑Likeδ‑MnO_(2)Nanostructures for Large Capacity and High‑Rate Zinc‑Ion Storage

In recent years,manganese-based oxides as an advanced class of cathode materials for zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have attracted a great deal of attentions from numerous researchers.However,their slow reaction kinetics,limited active sites and poor electrical conductivity inevitably give rise to the severe performance degradation.To solve these problems,herein,we introduce abundant oxygen vacancies into the flower-likeδ-MnO_(2)nanostructure and effectively modulate the vacancy defects to reach the optimal level(δ-MnO_(2)-x-2.0).The smart design intrinsically tunes the electronic structure,guarantees ion chemisorption-desorption equilibrium and increases the electroactive sites,which not only effectively accelerates charge transfer rate during reaction processes,but also endows more redox reactions,as verified by first-principle calculations.These merits can help the fabricatedδ-MnO_(2)-x-2.0 cathode to present a large specific capacity of 551.8 mAh g^(-1) at 0.5 A g^(-1),high-rate capability of 262.2 mAh g^(-1) at 10 A g^(-1) and an excellent cycle lifespan(83%of capacity retention after 1500 cycles),which is far superior to those of the other metal compound cathodes.In addition,the charge/discharge mechanism of theδ-MnO_(2)-x-2.0 cathode has also been elaborated through ex situ techniques.This work opens up a new pathway for constructing the next-generation high-performance ZIBs cathode materials.

A machine learning model to predict unconfined compressive strength of alkali-activated slag-based cemented paste backfill

The unconfined compressive strength(UCS)of alkali-activated slag(AAS)-based cemented paste backfill(CPB)is influenced by multiple design parameters.However,the experimental methods are limited to understanding the relationships between a single design parameter and the UCS,independently of each other.Although machine learning(ML)methods have proven efficient in understanding relationships between multiple parameters and the UCS of ordinary Portland cement(OPC)-based CPB,there is a lack of ML research on AAS-based CPB.In this study,two ensemble ML methods,comprising gradient boosting regression(GBR)and random forest(RF),were built on a dataset collected from literature alongside two other single ML methods,support vector regression(SVR)and artificial neural network(ANN).The results revealed that the ensemble learning methods outperformed the single learning methods in predicting the UCS of AAS-based CPB.Relative importance analysis based on the bestperforming model(GBR)indicated that curing time and water-to-binder ratio were the most critical input parameters in the model.Finally,the GBR model with the highest accuracy was proposed for the UCS predictions of AAS-based CPB.

Rheo-optic in situ synchronous study on the gelation behaviour and mechanism of waxy crude oil emulsions

An improved rheo-optic in situ synchronous measurement system was employed to investigate the gelation behaviour and mechanism of waxy crude oil emulsions. By combining transmitted natural light and reflected polarized light microscopy, a multiangle composite light source was built to achieve the simultaneous observation of wax crystals and emulsified water droplets, as well as their dynamic aggregation process. Main outcomes on the microscopic mechanism were obtained by developed microscopic image processing method. It was found that the microstructure of W/O waxy crude oil emulsion has the evolution of “individual structure--homogeneous aggregate structure--heterogeneous coaggregate structure--floc structure” during the static cooling, which results in the four stages during gelation process. Different from previous studies, the aggregation of emulsified water droplets was found to be more significant and contributes to the formation and development of the wax crystals-emulsified water droplets coaggregate, which plays a decisive role in the further evolution of the gelled microstructure. Time series microscopic images show the dynamic aggregation of emulsified water droplets and wax crystals. Two different aggregation behaviours between wax crystals and water droplets were observed. That wax crystals can not only embed in gaps between adjacent water droplets and enhance the structure, but also surround the outside of the water droplets and continue to grow resulting in the interconnection of different coaggregates to form a larger floc structure. In addition, correlation between viscoelasticity and microstructure evolution of waxy crude oil emulsions of different water contents was discussed. With increasing water contents, the microstructure is changed from wax crystal flocculation structure as the main skeleton and the emulsified water droplets embedded in it, into the aggregation of emulsified water droplets occupying the main position. When the number of wax crystals and water droplets reaches a certain ratio, did wax crystals form coaggregates with emulsified water droplets, and the remaining wax crystals formed an overall flocculation structure, the viscoelasticity of the waxy crude oil emulsion is the highest.

N^(6)-甲基腺苷修饰对女性生殖系统功能的影响

近年来女性不孕不育率不断攀升,已成为我国提高生育率亟需解决的困境。生殖系统的健康是保证生育能力的前提条件。N 6-甲基腺苷(N^(6)-methyladenosine,m^(6)A)是真核生物中最常见的化学修饰,在细胞生命活动中发挥着极其重要的作用。近来,m^(6)A修饰被证实在女性生殖系统的各种生理和病理过程中起着关键作用,但其调控机制及生物学功能仍不清楚。本文首先介绍了m^(6)A修饰的可逆调节机制及其功能,随后讨论了其在女性生殖功能和生殖系统疾病中的作用,最后对m^(6)A修饰的检测技术和方法及其最新进展进行了归纳总结,以期为后续女性生殖系统发病机制和治疗研究提供参考。

A new peptide,VD11,promotes structural and functional recovery after spinal cord injury

The regenerative capacity of the central nervous system is very limited and few effective treatments are currently available for spinal cord injury.It is therefore a priority to develop new drugs that can promote structural and functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that peptides can promote substantial repair and regeneration of injured tissue.While amphibians have a pronounced ability to regenerate the spinal cord,few studies have investigated the effect of amphibian spinal cord-derived peptides on spinal cord injury.Here we report for the first time the successful identification and isolation of a new polypeptide,VD11(amino acid sequence:VDELWPPWLPC),from the spinal cord of an endemic Chinese amphibian(Odorrana schmackeri).In vitro experiments showed that VD11 promoted the secretion of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in BV2 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide,as well as the proliferation and synaptic elongation of PC12 cells subjected to hypoxia.In vivo experiments showed that intravertebral injection of VD11 markedly promoted recovery of motor function in rats with spinal cord injury,alleviated pathological damage,and promoted axonal regeneration.Furthermore,RNA sequencing and western blotting showed that VD11 may affect spinal cord injury through activation of the AMPK and AKT signaling pathways.In summary,we discovered a novel amphibian-derived peptide that promotes structural and functional recovery after spinal cord injury.

Lithiation-induced controllable vacancy engineering for developing highly active Ni_(3)Se_(2) as a high-rate and large-capacity battery-type cathode in hybrid supercapacitors

The poor rate capability and low capacity are huge barriers to realize the commercial applications of battery-type transition metal compounds(TMCs) cathode.Herein,numerous Se vacancy defects are introduced into the Ni_(3)Se_(2)lamellas by pre-lithiation technique,which can be acted as a novel class of battery-type cathode for hybrid supercapacitors.Appropriately modulating the contents of the preembedded lithium(Li) ions can induce a controllable vacancy content in the series of as-prepared products,effectively endowing a fast reaction kinetic and high activity for the cathode.Benefiting from the distinct design,the optimized cathode(Li2-Ni_(3)Se_(2)) presents a high specific capacity of 236 mA h g^(-1)at1 A g^(-1),importantly,it can still possess 117 mA h g^(-1)when the current density is increased up to 100A g^(-1),exhibiting relatively high rate capability.It is much superior to other battery-type TMC cathodes reported in previous studies.Moreover,the cathode also shows the excellent cycling stability with 92%capacity retention after 3,000 cycles.In addition,a hybrid supercapacitor(HSC) is assembled with the obtained Li2-Ni_(3)Se_(2)as the cathode and active carbon(AC) as the anode,which delivers a high energy density of 77 W h kg^(-1)at 4 kW kg^(-1)and long-term durability(90% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles).Therefore,the strategy not only provides an effective way to realize the controllable vacancy content in TMCs for achieving high-perfo rmance cathodes for HSC,but also further promotes their large-scale applications in the energy storage fields.

三轴SHPB岩石材料动力学特性试验研究的现状和发展趋势

岩石材料的三维动力特性试验研究是岩石冲击动力学中很重要的一个领域,也是目前研究的一个热点。本文论述了三轴SHPB岩石力学试验机的研制情况,对各类试验机的特点进行了比较。综合分析了三轴SHPB试验相关研究文献,总结了一些共有规律:①在围压一定的情况下,岩石的动态抗压强度会随着应变率的增加而增加,呈现出线性函数或者指数函数增加形式,并且脆性减弱,塑性显著增加;②在应变率一定的情况下,岩石抗压强度会随着围压的增大而增大,线性关系比较显著;③岩石动静组合加载时,在轴压一定时,岩石的动静组合抗压强度会随着围压的增大而增大,呈现出近似线性增加趋势;在围压固定时,抗压强度随着轴向静压的增大呈现出先增大后减小的趋势。由于SHPB试验装置和岩石材料本身的特点,目前在一些基本问题上,如加载应力波形、试样尺寸要求等方面,还没有统一的试验规范要求,很多试验结果只能进行定性比较,无法在统一尺度上进行定量分析。最后,针对该领域的发展趋势进行了论述,指出尽快建立一套国际性的建议试验方法是将来的一个关键问题。

节理岩体的一维动态等效连续介质模型的研究

基于黏弹性理论,提出平行节理岩体的一维动态等效连续介质模型,该模型适用于纵波(P波)垂直通过一组等间距平行节理岩体的动力学问题。该模型包含黏弹性介质模型和虚拟波源概念。黏弹性介质模型主要描述应力波通过节理的衰减和时间的滞后;而虚拟波源的概念则描述应力波在平行节理之间的多次反射。根据已有解析解可以确定黏弹性介质模型中的未知参数。通过和位移不连续方法的比较,验证平行节理岩体的一维动态等效连续介质模型的正确性;该模型可有效地应用于研究通过一组平行节理岩体的P波传播问题。结果表明,该研究可以简化应力波传播问题的复杂性。

RETRACTED:Exploring the Mechanism of Wu Ling San plus Flavor for the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Techniques

Short Retraction Notice The paper does not meet the standards of “Chinese Medicine ". This article has been retracted to straighten the academic record. In making this decision the Editorial Board follows COPE's Retraction Guidelines. The aim is to promote the circulation of scientific research by offering an ideal research publication platform with due consideration of internationally accepted standards on publication ethics. The Editorial Board would like to extend its sincere apologies for any inconvenience this retraction may have caused. Editor guiding this retraction: Prof. Maythem Saeed (EiC of CM) The full retraction notice in PDF is preceding the original paper, which is marked "RETRACTED".

直线时栅位移传感器正交激励信号源设计（英文）

时栅激励信号质量直接影响时栅磁场运动匀速性,进而决定时栅位移测量精度,因而研究高精度时栅激励信号源对于提高时栅传感器测量精度具有重要意义。针对直线时栅传感器对正交激励信号高质量的要求,采用直接频率合成技术设计满足要求的正交激励信号源。并且设计了一种有源带通滤波器用来消除干扰,提高信号质量。设计的正交激励信号具有幅值和频率可任意调节,并且具有精度较高,设计简单方便的特点。通过FPGA芯片将时栅传感器激励信号源与信号处理电路的一体化设计,最大限度地缩小时栅信号处理电路体积,并提高工作可靠性。仿真和实验结果证明了设计的有效性。这种设计方法可广泛应用于许多需要高质量激励信号的应用场合。

石墨烯三维结构组装体制备及光热水蒸发和水处理研究进展

水资源短缺是世界长期面临的问题,当前全球80多个国家的约15亿人口面临淡水不足,其中26个国家的3亿人口完全生活在缺水状态。近年来,人们开发了新型太阳能界面水蒸发材料和技术,能够利用高效光热材料吸收太阳能转化为热能,实现大量的、快速的水蒸发,冷凝后收集便得到洁净水,是一种高效、绿色、低成本水处理和解决水资源短缺的方法。石墨烯三维组装体材料的物理和化学性质优异,光热转化效率高,同时其太阳光吸收率高,内部微纳孔道丰富,具有良好的水传输通道,表面水蒸发面积大,在太阳光照射下能够实现超高的水蒸发速率,在光热水处理方面展现了巨大的科学研究意义和实用价值。本文将综述石墨烯三维组装体的制备及光热水处理方面的研究进展,包括石墨烯三维结构组装体制备方法,其光热水蒸发性能,总结了石墨烯三维结构组装体在光热水蒸发及水处理方面的应用,最后分析了石墨烯三维结构组装体光热水处理面临的问题及展望。