Conversion therapy of a giant hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombus and inferior vena cava thrombus:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)combined with portal and hepatic vein cancerous thrombosis is poor,for unresectable patients the combination of targeted therapy and immune therapy was the first-line recommended treatment for advanced HCC,with a median survival time of only about 2.7-6 months.In this case report,we present the case of a patient with portal and hepatic vein cancerous thrombosis who achieved pathologic complete response after conversion therapy.CASE SUMMARY In our center,a patient with giant HCC combined with portal vein tumor thrombus and hepatic vein tumor thrombus was treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE),radiotherapy,targeted therapy and immunotherapy,and was continuously given icaritin soft capsules for oral regulation.After 7 months of conversion therapy,the patient's tumor shrank and the tumor thrombus subsided significantly.The pathology of surgical resection was in complete remission,and there was no progression in the postoperative follow-up for 7 months,which provided a basis for the future strategy of combined conversion therapy.CONCLUSION In this case,atezolizumab,bevacizumab,icaritin soft capsules combined with radiotherapy and TACE had a good effect.For patients with hepatocellular carcinoma combined with hepatic vein/inferior vena cava tumor thrombus,adopting a high-intensity,multimodal proactive strategy under the guidance of multidisciplinary team(MDT)is an important attempt to break through the current treatment dilemma.

Trends and sex differences in atrial fibrillation hospitalization and catheter ablation at tertiary hospitals in China from 2013 to 2016

BACKGROUND Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation(AF)is commonly performed worldwide.However,the clinical charac-teristics of hospitalized patients with AF and national trends in catheter ablation at tertiary hospitals in China remain unreported.METHODS This study used the Chinese national database(Hospital Quality Monitoring System)from 2013 to 2016,which is a mandatory database that collects the front page of patients’medical records for hospital accreditation,to describe the clinical cha-racteristics of patients with AF as an overall cohort and as subgroups divided by catheter ablation and sex.RESULTS Of 597,919 AF patients first admitted,57,983 patients underwent catheter ablation[56,384 cases(97.2%)of radiofre-quency ablation and 1599 cases(2.8%)of cryoablation]at 746 tertiary hospitals.Nearly 10%of patients hospitalized with AF at ter-tiary hospitals in China underwent catheter ablation,and the percentage of patients undergoing catheter ablation was on the rise bet-ween 2013 and 2016,and the number of cases increased by 2.5 times.Compared with AF patients who did not undergo catheter ablation,those who did were younger,more frequently male,and had fewer baseline comorbidities.Although the overall CHA_(2)DS_(2)-VASc score revealed over half of the patients were high-risk,patients who underwent catheter ablation were mostly low-risk(71.2%of males and 59.1%of females).Considering in-hospital adverse events,the overall pericardial tamponade and all-cause death incidences were 0.2%(0.6%in the ablation group)and 1.2%(0.1%in the ablation group),respectively;both of which were higher in females than males.CONCLUSIONS In this study,AF patients who underwent catheter ablation were relatively young,had a low thrombosis risk,and had few comorbidities and adverse events.Females were older and experienced more complications than males.

Diagnostics from three rising submillimeter bursts

In this paper we investigate three novel rising submillimeter （THz） bursts that occurred sequen- tially in Super Active Region NOAA 10486. The average rising rate of the flux density above 200 GHz is only 20 sfu GHz-1 （corresponding to spectral index α of 1.6） for the THz spectral components of the 2003 October 28 and November 4 bursts, but it attained values of 235 sfu GHz-1 （α = 4.8） in the 2003 November 2 burst. The steeply rising THz spectrum can be produced by a population of highly relativistic electrons with a low-energy cutoff of 1 MeV, but it only requires a low-energy cutoff of 30 keV for the two slowly rising THz bursts, via gyrosynchrotron （GS） radiation based on our numerical simulations of burst spectra in the magnetic dipole field case. The electron density variation is much larger in the THz source than in the microwave （MW） source. It is interesting that the THz source radius decreased by 20%-50% during the decay phase for the three events, but the MW source increased by 28% for the 2003 November 2 event. In the paper we will present a formula that can be used to calculate the energy released by ultrarel- ativistic electrons, taking the relativistic correction into account for the first time. We find that the energy released by energetic electrons in the THz source exceeds that in the MW source due to the strong GS radi- ation loss in the THz range, although the modeled THz source area is 3-4 orders smaller than the modeled MW source one. The total energies released by energetic electrons via the GS radiation in radio sources are estimated, respectively, to be 5.2 × 10^33, 3.9 × 10^33 and 3.7 × 10^32 erg for the October 28, November 2 and 4 bursts, which are 131, 76 and 4 times as large as the thermal energies of 2.9 × 10^31, 2.1 × 10^31 and 5.2 × 10^31 erg estimated from soft X-ray GOES observations.

Normalization of plasma growth hormone alleviated malignant ventricular tachycardia in acromegaly

Acromegaly is an insidious endocrine disease character- ized by chronic elevation of growth hormone （GH） and insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1）.Ell Persistent excess se- cretion of GH and IGF-1 damages both cardiac structure and function, leading to acromegalic cardiomyopathy, which is one of the most common causes of increased mortality in acromegaly and can result in an average of 10-year reduction in life expectancy.I2＇31 In patients with acromegaly, approximately 3% have been reported having a unique cardiomyopathy characterized by biventricular hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis, lymphocytic infiltration, interstitialfibrosis.

Statistical Properties of Alfvén Ion Cyclotron Waves and Kinetic Alfvén Waves in the Inner Heliosphere

Alfvén ion cyclotron waves(ACWs)and kinetic Alfvén waves(KAWs)are found to exist at<0.3 au observed by Parker Solar Probe in Alfvénic slow solar winds.To examine the statistical properties of the background parameters for ACWs and KAWs and related wave disturbances,both wave events observed by Parker Solar Probe are selected and analyzed.The results show that there are obvious differences in the background and disturbance parameters between ACWs and KAWs.ACW events have a relatively higher occurrence rate but with a total duration slightly shorter than KAW events.The median background magnetic field magnitude and the related background solar wind speed of KAW events are larger than those of ACWs.The distributions of the relative disturbances of the proton velocity,proton temperature,the proton number density,andβcover wider ranges for ACW events than for KAW events.The results may be important for the understanding of the nature and characteristics of Alfvénic slow solar wind fluctuations at ion scales near the Sun,and provide the information of the background field and plasma parameters and the wave disturbances of ACWs and KAWs for further relevant theoretical modeling or numerical simulations.

Study of temporal evolution of emission spectrum in a steeply rising submillimeter burst

The temporal evolution of a spectrum during a steeply rising submillimeter（THz） burst that occurred on 2003 November 2 was investigated in detail for the first time.Observations show that the flux density of the THz spectrum increased steeply with frequency above 200 GHz.Their average rising rates reached a value of 235 sfu GHz^（-1）（corresponding to spectral index α of 4.8） during the burst.The flux densities reached about 4 000 and 70 000 sfu at 212 and 405 GHz at the maximum phase,respectively.The emissions at 405 GHz maintained such a continuous high level that they largely exceeded the peak values of the microwave（MW） spectra during the main phase.Our studies suggest that only energetic electrons with a low-energy cutoff of~ 1 MeV and number density of ~ 10~6-10~8 cm^（-3） can produce such a strong and steeply rising THz component via gyrosynchrotron radiation based on numerical simulations of burst spectra in the case of a nonuniform magnetic field.The electron number density N,derived from our numerical fits to the THz temporal evolution spectra,increased substantially from 8 ×10~6 to 4 × 10~8 cm^（-3）,i.e.,the N value increased 50 times during the rise phase.During the decay phase it decreased to 7 ×10~7 cm^（-3）,i.e.,it decreased by about five times from the maximum phase.The total electron number decreased an order of magnitude from the maximum phase to the decay phase.Nevertheless,the variation in amplitude of N is only about one time in the MW emission source during this burst,and the total electron number did not decrease but increased by about 20%during the decay phase.Interestingly,we find that the THz source radius decreased by about 24%while the MW source radius,on the contrary,increased by 28%during the decay phase.

First case of biliary Aureimonas altamirensis infection in a patient with colon cancer in China

Aureimonas altamirensis,first reported in 2006,is an aerobic,gram-negative bacillus.It is usually considered a contaminant from the surrounding environment;however,recent evidences suggest that it may be an opportunistic pathogen in humans,which may cause multiple-site infections.Here,we report the first case of biliary A.altamirensis infection in a patient with colon cancer in Guangzhou,China.The A.altamirensis strain GZ8HT01 was isolated from the bile culture taken from the patient and identified by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Additionally,the bacterial strain was sensitive to all antibiotics tested.The patient was effectively treated with imipenem-cilastatin.These findings are valuable for the early diagnosis and effective treatment of this emerging pathogen.

Luspatercept enhances hemoglobin levels in a Chinese boy with congenital sideroblastic anemia:A case report

BACKGROUND Congenital sideroblastic anemia(CSA)is a rare and heterogeneous group of genetic disorders.Conventional treatment include pyridoxine(vitamin B6)and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT),and can alleviate anemia in the majority of cases.Nevertheless,some CSA cases remain unresponsive to pyridoxine or are unable to undergo allo-HSCT.Novel management approaches is necessary to be developed.To explore the response of luspatercept in treating congenital sideroblastic anemia.CASE SUMMARY We share our experience in luspatercept in a 4-year-old male patient with CSA.Luspatercept was administered subcutaneously at doses of 1.0 mg/kg/dose to 1.25 mg/kg/dose every 3 wk,three consecutive doses,evaluating the hematological response.Luspatercept leading to a significant improvement in the patient's anemia.The median hemoglobin during the overall treatment with three doses of luspatercept was 90(75-101)g/L,the median absolute reticulocyte count was 0.0593(0.0277-0.1030)×10^(12)/L,the median serum ferritin was 304.3(234.4-399)ng/mL,and the median lifespan of mature red blood cells was 80(57-92)days.Notably,no adverse reactions,such as headaches,dizziness,vomiting,joint pain,or back pain,were observed during the treatment period.CONCLUSION We believe that luspatercept might emerge as a viable therapeutic option for the maintenance treatment of CSA or as a bridging treatment option before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Experimental infection of tree shrews(Tupaia belangeri) with Coxsackie virus A16

Coxsackie virus A16(CA16) is commonly recognized as one of the main human pathogens of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD). The clinical manifestations of HFMD include vesicles of hand, foot and mouth in young children and severe inflammatory CNS lesions. In this study, experimentally CA16 infected tree shrews(Tupaia belangeri) were used to investigate CA16 pathogenesis. The results showed that both the body temperature and the percentages of blood neutrophilic granulocytes / monocytes of CA16 infected tree shrews increased at 4-7 days post infection. Dynamic distributions of CA16 in different tissues and stools were found at different infection stages. Moreover, the pathological changes in CNS and other organs were also observed. These findings indicate that tree shrews can be used as a viable animal model to study CA16 infection.

The Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope(LST) for the ASO-S mission——Ⅲ. data and potential diagnostics

The Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope(LST)is one of the three payloads onboard the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory(ASO-S)mission.It aims at imaging the Sun from the disk center up to 2.5 R⊙targeting solar eruptions,particularly coronal mass ejections(CMEs),solar flares,prominences/filaments and related phenomena,as well as the fast and slow solar wind.The most prominent speciality of LST is the simultaneous observation of the solar atmosphere in both Lyαand white light(WL)with high temporospatial resolution both on the solar disk and the inner corona.New observations in the Lyαline together with traditional WL observations will provide us with many new insights into solar eruptions and solar wind.LST consists of a Solar Corona Imager(SCI)with a field of view(FOV)of 1.1–2.5 R⊙,a Solar Disk Imager(SDI)and a full-disk White-light Solar Telescope(WST)with an identical FOV up to 1.2 R⊙.SCI has a dual waveband in Lyα(121.6±10 nm)and in WL(700±40 nm),while SDI works in the Lyαwaveband of 121.6±7.5 nm and WST works in the violet narrow-band continuum of 360±2.0 nm.To produce high quality science data,careful ground and in-flight calibrations are required.We present our methods for different calibrations including dark field correction,flat field correction,radiometry,instrumental polarization and optical geometry.Based on the data calibration,definitions of the data levels and processing procedures for the defined levels from raw data are described.Plasma physical diagnostics offer key ingredients to understand ejecta and plasma flows in the inner corona,as well as different features on the solar disk including flares,filaments,etc.Therefore,we are making efforts to develop various tools to detect the different features observed by LST,and then to derive their physical parameters,for example,the electron density and temperature of CMEs,the outflow velocity of the solar wind,and the hydrogen density and mass flows of prominences.Coordinated observations and data analyses with the coronagraphs onboard Solar Orbiter,PROBA-3,and Aditya are also briefly discussed.

Effects of targeted muscle reinnervation on spinal cord motor neurons in rats following tibial nerve transection

Targeted muscle reinnervation(TMR)is a surgical procedure used to transfer residual peripheral nerves from amputated limbs to targeted muscles,which allows the target muscles to become sources of motor control information for function reconstruction.However,the effect of TMR on injured motor neurons is still unclear.In this study,we aimed to explore the effect of hind limb TMR surgery on injured motor neurons in the spinal cord of rats after tibial nerve transection.We found that the reduction in hind limb motor function and atrophy in mice caused by tibial nerve transection improved after TMR.TMR enhanced nerve regeneration by increasing the number of axons and myelin sheath thickness in the tibial nerve,increasing the number of anterior horn motor neurons,and increasing the number of choline acetyltransferase-positive cells and immunofluorescence intensity of synaptophysin in rat spinal cord.Our findings suggest that TMR may enable the reconnection of residual nerve fibers to target muscles,thus restoring hind limb motor function on the injured side.

Next generation sequencing reveals co-existence of hereditary spherocytosis and Dubin–Johnson syndrome in a Chinese gril: A case report

BACKGROUND Hereditary spherocytosis(HS)is a hereditary disease of hemolytic anemia that occurs due to the erythrocyte membrane defects.Dubin–Johnson syndrome(DJS),which commonly results in jaundice,is a benign hereditary disorder of bilirubin clearance that occurs only rarely.The co-occurrence of HS and DJS is extremely rare.We recently diagnosed and treated a case of co-occurring HS and DJS.CASE SUMMARY A 21-year-old female patient presented to our department because of severe jaundice,severe splenomegaly,and mild anemia since birth.We eventually confirmed the diagnosis of co-occurring DJS and HS by next generation sequencing(NGS).The treatment of ursodeoxycholic acid in combination with phenobarbital successfully increased hemoglobin and reduced total bilirubin and direct bilirubin.CONCLUSION The routine application of NGS can efficiently render a definite diagnosis when inherited disorders are suspected.

Thirty-day outcomes of in-hospital multi-vessel versus culpritonly revascularization strategy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with multivessel coronary disease

BACKGROUND Many studies have demonstrated the benefit of complete multivessel revascularization versus culprit-only intervention in patients of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)and multivessel coronary artery disease.However,only a few single-center retrospective studies were performed on small Chinese cohorts.Our study aims to demonstrate the advantage of multivessel percutaneous intervention(PCI)strategy on 30-day in-hospital outcomes to patients with STEMI and multivessel disease in larger Chinese population.METHODS From the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Acute Coronary Syndrome(CCC-ACS)project,5935 patients with STEMI and multivessel disease undergoing PCI and hospitalized for fewer than 30 days were analyzed.After 5:1 propensity score matching,3577 patients with culprit-only PCI and 877 with in-hospital multivessel PCI were included.The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event(MACCE),defined as a composite of myocardial infarction,all-cause death,stent thrombosis,heart failure,and stroke.RESULTS Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that in-hospital multivessel PCI was associated with lower risk of 30-day MACCE(adjusted OR=0.75,95%CI:0.57-0.98,P=0.032)than culprit-only PCI and conferred no increased risk of allcause death,myocardial infarction,stent thrombosis,stroke,or bleeding.Subgroup analysis showed that MACCE reduction was observed more often from patients with trans-femoral access(OR=0.34,95%CI:0.15-0.74)than with trans-radial access(OR=0.87,95%CI:0.66-1.16,P for interaction=0.017).CONCLUSIONS The in-hospital multivessel PCI strategy was associated with a lower risk of 30-day MACCE than culprit-only PCI in patients with STEMI and multivessel coronary artery disease.

The calculation of coronal magnetic field and density of nonthermal electrons in the 2003 October 27 microwave burst

Based on Dulk and Marsh＇s approximate theory about nonthermal gyrosyn- chrotron radiation, one simple impulsive microwave burst with a loop-like structure is selected for radio diagnostics of the coronal magnetic field and column density of non- thermal electrons, which are calculated from the brightness temperature, polarization degree, and spectral index, as well as the turnover frequency, observed by using the Nobeyama Radioheliograph and the Nobeyama Radio Polarimeters, respectively. Very strong variations （up to one or two orders of magnitude） of the calculated transverse and longitudinal magnetic fields with respect to the line-of-sight, as well as the cal- culated electron column density, appear in the looptop and footpoint sources during the burst. The absolute magnitude and varied range of the transverse magnetic field are evidently larger than those of the longitudinal magnetic field. The time evolution of the transverse magnetic field is always anti-correlated with that of the longitudi- nal magnetic field, but positively correlated with that of the electron column density. These results strongly support the idea that quantifying the energy released in a flare depends on a reconstruction of the coronal magnetic field, especially for the trans- verse magnetic field, and they are basically consistent with the recent theoretical and observational studies on the photospheric magnetic field in solar flares.

Pulmonary hypertension concurrent with pericardial effusion and superior vena cava syndrome: who is the initiator?

The diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension(PH) should be made by combining clinical manifestations and echocardiographic probability.[1] Following the confirmation of PH, the classification should begin with the more common groups [group 2(PH due to left heart disease) and group 3(PH due to lung diseases and/or hypoxia)], then group 4(chronic thromboembolic PH and other pulmonary artery obstructions) and finally group 1(pulmonary arterial hypertension) and group 5(PH with unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms).[1] In this case, we demonstrate a rare scenario of obstruction-caused group 4 PH.

A Multi-Wavelength Study of the 3B/X1.2 Flare Observed on 2003 October 26

We report results from a multi-wavelength study of the 3B/X1.2 tworibbon disk flare （S15E44）, which was well observed by both ground-based and space-borne instruments. Two pairs of conjugate kernels - K1 and K4, and K2 and K3 - in the Ha images are identified. These kernels are linked by two different systems of EUV loops. K1 and K4 correspond to the two 17 GHz and 34 GHz microwave sources observed by the Nobeyama Radioheliograph （NoRH）, while K2 and K3 have no corresponding microwave sources. Optical spectroscopic observations suggest that all the four kernels are possible precipitating sites of non-thermal electrons. Thus the energy of electron deposited in K2 and K3 should be less than 100keV. Two-dimensional distributions of the full widths at half maximum （FWHM） of the Ha profiles and the line-of-sight （LOS） velocities derived from the Ca n 8542 A profiles indicate that the largest FWHM and LOS velocity tends to be located near the outer edges of Hα kernels, which is consistent with the scenario of current two-ribbon flare models and previous results. When non-thermal electron bombardment is present, the observed Hα and Ca II 8542 A profiles are similar to previous observational and theoretical results, while the He I 10830 A profiles are different from the theoretical ones. This puts some constraints on future theoretical calculation of the He I 10830 A line.

Spastin interacts with collapsin response mediator protein 3 to regulate neurite growth and branching

Cytoskeletal microtubule rearrangement and movement are crucial in the repair of spinal cord injury.Spastin plays an important role in the regulation of microtubule severing.Both spastin and collapsin response mediator proteins can regulate neurite growth and branching;however,whether spastin interacts with collapsin response mediator protein 3(CRMP3)during this process remains unclear,as is the mechanism by which CRMP3 participates in the repair of spinal cord injury.In this study,we used a proteomics approach to identify key proteins associated with spinal cord injury repair.We then employed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify proteins that were able to interact with glutathione S-transferase-spastin.Then,co-immunoprecipitation and staining approaches were used to evaluate potential interactions between spastin and CRMP3.Finally,we co-transfected primary hippocampal neurons with CRMP3 and spastin to evaluate their role in neurite outgrowth.Mass spectrometry identified the role of CRMP3 in the spinal cord injury repair process.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry pulldown assays identified three CRMP3 peptides that were able to interact with spastin.CRMP3 and spastin were co-expressed in the spinal cord and were able to interact with one another in vitro and in vivo.Lastly,CRMP3 overexpression was able to enhance the ability of spastin to promote neurite growth and branching.Therefore,our results confirm that spastin and CRMP3 play roles in spinal cord injury repair by regulating neurite growth and branching.These proteins may therefore be novel targets for spinal cord injury repair.The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Jinan University,China approved this study(approval No.IACUS-20181008-03)on October 8,2018.

Pseudo-Wellens syndrome secondary to postexercise syncope

Dear editor,Wellens syndrome is characterized by electrocardiography(ECG)patterns of the biphasic or inverted T wave in the precordial leads with normal R wave progression and absence of Q waves,[1,2]which indicates occlusive lesions of the proximal left anterior descending(LAD)coronary artery and warrants.[1]These ECG changes usually occur during a pain-free interval and turn to a fatal consequence if without urgent intervention therapy.[1,3]However,in some cases,coronary stenosis was absent and ECG patterns manifested as Wellens syndrome,which was defined as pseudo-Wellens syndrome.

GIT1 enhances neurite outgrowth by stimulating microtubule assembly

GIT1,a G-protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein,has been reported to be involved in neurite outgrowth.However,the neurobiological functions of the protein remain unclear.In this study,we found that GIT1 was highly expressed in the nervous system,and its expression was maintained throughout all stages of neuritogenesis in the brain.In primary cultured mouse hippocampal neurons from GIT1 knockout mice,there was a significant reduction in total neurite length per neuron,as well as in the average length of axon-like structures,which could not be prevented by nerve growth factor treatment.Overexpression of GIT1 significantly promoted axon growth and fully rescued the axon outgrowth defect in the primary hippocampal neuron cultures from GIT1 knockout mice.The GIT1 N terminal region,including the ADP ribosylation factor-GTPase activating protein domain,the ankyrin domains and the Spa2 homology domain,were sufficient to enhance axonal extension.Importantly,GIT1 bound to many tubulin proteins and microtubule-associated proteins,and it accelerated microtubule assembly in vitro.Collectively,our findings suggest that GIT1 promotes neurite outgrowth,at least partially by stimulating microtubule assembly.This study provides new insight into the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of GIT1-associated neurological diseases.

Sex modification of the association of the radial augmentation index and incident hypertension in a Chinese community-based population

BACKGROUND Arterial stiffness,as assessed by aortic ultrasound and pulse wave velocity,is associated with incident hypertension.However,there is still no consensus on whether the augmentation index(AI)affects new onset of hypertension.This study investigated the relationship of radial AI(r AI)and incident hypertension in a Chinese community-based population without hypertension at baseline.METHOD A total of 1,615 Chinese non-hypertensive participants from an atherosclerosis cohort in Beijing,China were included in our analysis.Baseline r AI normalized to heart rate of 75 beats/min(r AIp75)was obtained using HEM-9000 AI.New-onset hypertension was defined as blood pressure≥140/90 mm Hg or self-reported hypertension or taking anti-hypertensive medications at the follow up survey.Multivariate regression models were used to evaluate the impact of r AIp75 on the risk of new-onset hypertension.RESULTS After a mean 2.35-year follow-up,213(13.19%)participants developed incident hypertension.No significant relation between r AIp75 and incident hypertension was observed in the whole population after adjustment for possible confounders(adjusted odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(CI):1.09[0.95-1.27];P=0.2260).However,r AIp75 was significantly associated with incident hypertension in women,but not in men(adjusted OR and 95%CI:1.29[1.06-1.56],P=0.0113 for women;0.91[0.72-1.15],P=0.4244 for men;P for interaction=0.0133).CONCLUSIONS Sex modified the effect of the r AI on incident hypertension in a Chinese,community-based,non-hypertensive population.Screening of the r AI could be considered in women with a high risk of hypertension for the purpose of primary intervention.