Effectiveness of onsite and online education in enhancing knowledge and use of human immunodeficiency virus pre-and postexposure prophylaxis

BACKGROUND Enhancing awareness and use of pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)and postexposure prophylaxis(PEP)is vital to curb human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)spread.High-risk behaviors prevalent among sexually transmitted infection clinic outpatients underscore the need for increased PrEP/PEP education in this group.AIM To investigate the effects of both onsite and online health education on the knowledge of,and willingness to use,PrEP and PEP among individuals receiving PEP services.METHODS Participants were drawn from a cohort study on PEP service intervention at an STD/AIDS outpatient clinic in designated HIV/AIDS hospitals in Beijing,conducted from January 1 to June 30,2022.Health education was provided both onsite and online during follow-up.Surveys assessing knowledge of,and willingness to use,PrEP/PEP were administered at baseline and again at 24 wk post-intervention.RESULTS A total of 112 participants were enrolled in the study;105 completed the follow-up at week 24.The percentage of participants with adequate knowledge of,and willingness to use,PrEP significantly increased from 65.2%and 69.6%at baseline to 83.8%and 82.9%at the end of the intervention(both P<0.05).Similarly,those with adequate knowledge of,and willingness to use,PEP increased from 74.1%and 77.7%at baseline to 92.4%and 89.5%at week 24(P<0.05).Being between 31 years and 40 years of age,having a postgraduate degree or higher,and reporting a monthly expenditure of RMB 5000 or more were found to be significantly associated with knowledge of PrEP and PEP(both P<0.05).CONCLUSION The findings show that both onsite and online health education significantly improved the knowledge of,and increased willingness to use,PrEP and PEP in individuals utilizing PEP services.

Laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy guided by indocyanine green fluorescence: A cranial-dorsal approach

BACKGROUND Advancements in laparoscopic technology and a deeper understanding of intra-hepatic anatomy have led to the establishment of more precise laparoscopic hepatectomy(LH)techniques.The indocyanine green(ICG)fluorescence navi-gation technique has emerged as the most effective method for identifying hepatic regions,potentially overcoming the limitations of LH.While laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy(LLH)is a standardized procedure,there is a need for innova-tive strategies to enhance its outcomes.important anatomical markers,surgical skills,and ICG staining methods.METHODS Thirty-seven patients who underwent ICG fluorescence-guided LLH at Qujing Second People's Hospital between January 2019 and February 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The cranial-dorsal approach was performed which involves dissecting the left hepatic vein cephalad,isolating the Arantius ligament,exposing the middle hepatic vein,and dissecting the parenchyma from the dorsal to the foot in order to complete the anatomical LLH.The surgical methods,as well as intra-and post-surgical data,were recorded and analyzed.Our hospital’s Medical Ethics Committee approved this study(Ethical review:2022-019-01).RESULTS Intraoperative blood loss during LLH was 335.68±99.869 mL and the rates of transfusion and conversion to laparotomy were 13.5%and 0%,respectively.The overall incidence of complications throughout the follow-up(median of 18 months;range 1-36 months)was 21.6%.No mortality or severe complications(level IV)were reported.CONCLUSION LLH has the potential to become a novel,standardized approach that can effectively,safely,and simply expose the middle hepatic vein and meet the requirements of precision surgery.

Polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein, skin changes syndrome with dilated cardiomyopathy: A case report

BACKGROUND Polyneuropathy,organomegaly,endocrinopathy,M-protein,skin changes(POEMS)syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome that encompass multiple systems.The most common clinical symptoms of POEMS syndrome are pro-gressive sensorimotor polyneuropathy,organ enlargement,endocrine disorders,darkening skin,a monoclonal plasma cell proliferative disorder,and lymph node hyperplasia.The organomegaly consists of hepatosplenomegaly and/or lym-phadenopathy;cases of cardiomyopathy are rare.Diagnoses are often delayed because of the atypical nature of the syndrome,exposing patients to possibly severe disability.Therefore,identifying atypical symptoms can improve the prognosis and quality of life among POEMS syndrome patients.lenalidomide and dexamethasone.CONCLUSION When patients with cardiomyopathy have systemic manifestations such as numb limbs and darkening skin,the POEMS syndrome is the most possible diagnosis.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for coronavirus disease 2019-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome:Report of two cases and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2,is a worldwide pandemic.Some COVID-19 patients develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and progress to respiratory failure.In such cases,extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)treatment is a necessary life-saving procedure.CASE SUMMARY Two special COVID-19 cases—one full-term pregnant woman and one elderly(72-year-old)man—were treated by veno-venous(VV)-ECMO in the Second People’s Hospital of Zhongshan,Zhongshan City,Guangdong Province,China.Both patients had developed refractory hypoxemia shortly after hospital admission,despite conventional support,and were therefore managed by VV-ECMO.Although both experienced multiple ECMO-related complications on top of the COVID-19 disease,their conditions improved gradually.Both patients were weaned successfully from the ECMO therapy.At the time of writing of this report,the woman has recovered completely and been discharged from hospital to home;the man remains on mechanical ventilation,due to respiratory muscle weakness and suspected lung fibrosis.As ECMO itself is associated with various complications,it is very important to understand and treat these complications to achieve optimal outcome.CONCLUSION VV-ECMO can provide sufficient gas exchange for COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.However,it is crucial to understand and treat ECMO-related complications.

下压式扩孔技术在经皮椎间孔镜手术治疗伴高髂嵴L5/S1椎间盘突出症中的应用

目的探讨下压式扩孔技术在经皮椎间孔镜手术(PTED)治疗伴高髂嵴L5/S1椎间盘突出症中的临床应用价值。方法收集2016年10月-2019年1月秦皇岛市第二医院和复旦大学附属中山医院伴高髂嵴的L5/S1椎间盘突出症患者45例,在PTED中应用下压式扩孔技术治疗。记录患者的穿刺次数、透视次数、建立工作通道时间和手术总时间。术前、术后1 d、术后3个月、术后6个月和末次随访时患者腰痛和腿痛缓急程度采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)进行评估,末次随访时按MacNab标准评价患者临床疗效。结果所有患者手术均顺利完成。穿刺一次成功率为91.11%;透视次数5~18次,平均(13.36±4.77)次;建立工作通道时间15~28 min,平均(20.36±6.17)min;手术总时间50~98 min,平均(75.39±19.68)min。患者术后腰痛及腿痛较术前明显好转,腰椎功能较术前明显改善,术后1 d、术后3个月、术后6个月及末次随访时腰痛和腿痛VAS及ODI评分均较术前均明显降低(P<0.05)。按MacNab标准评价疗效,优40例,良3例,可1例,差1例,优良率为95.56%。结论下压式扩孔技术应用于PTED,具有操作简单、穿刺成功率高、安全有效、并发症少、射线暴露少和临床效果好等优点,值得临床推广应用。

基于试验和数值方法的轴流压缩机噪声研究

基于试验结合数值方法对某轴流压缩机进行了噪声研究,并分别得到了该压缩机声压的幅频曲线和总声压级。两种方法得到的动叶频率,2倍叶频和3倍叶频幅值的相对关系基本一致;由于机械噪声的影响,试验方法所得到总声压级大于数值模拟法结果。通过对比两种方法所得到的结果,不仅证明了数值方法预测轴流压缩机噪声的可行性,还证明了数值方法可在轴流压缩机设计阶段为低噪声机组选型提供理论基础。

某工业用离心式压缩机失速和喘振识别试验研究

失速和喘振识别对于离心式压缩机喘振控制线的设定起非常重要的作用。通过对某工业用离心式压缩机的压力脉动测试,找到了该机组在不同转速下的失速或者喘振工况点。试验结果显示,通过识别频域中的特征频率,能够识别失速和喘振工况。对于本文研究对象的离心压缩机,随着流量的降低,在低转速运行时,旋转失速先于喘振发生;在高转速运行时,旋转失速和喘振几乎同时发生。

Effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on posterolateral lumbar fusion of rabbit

Objective:To observe the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in the posterolateral Lumbar fusion of rabbit.Methods:A total of 48 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into the observation group and control group,including the autogenous iliac observation group.artificial bone observation group,artificial bone control group and autogenous iliac control group according to the different bone grafting.The posterolateral lumbar fusion of rabbits in each group was analyzed and compared.Results:After 4 weeks of treatment using the low-intensity pulsed ultrasound,the fusion in the bone grafting area of observation group was good.There was the relatively dense fusion area between the right transverse process and artificial bone.The left transverse process had been completely fused,with the clear bone trabecula through the fusion area.There was no significant fusion sign in the control group.According to the fusion comparison between two groups,the fusion rale of the observation group was 83.3%and it was significantly higher than the one of the control group(37.5%).Results of the comparison were statistically significant(P<0.05).The number of chondrocytes and the increase in the relative gray-scale in the fusion area of the iliac observation group were significantly higher than ones of the iliac control group(P<0.05).The number of chondrocytes and the increase in the relative gray-scale in the fusion area of the artificial bone observation group were significantly higher than ones of the artificial bone control group(P<0.05).The expression of IL-1.IL-6 and IL-17 4 weeks after the treatment of the observation group was significantly lower than the one of the control group,with the statistical significance(P<0.05).It indicated that the treatment of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound could reduce the expression level of inflammatory factors.Conclusions:The low-intensity pulsed ultrasound can significantly increase the bone grafting fusion rate of the rabbit's posterolateral lumbar fusion.The possible mechanism is that it promotes the lumbar posterolateral endochondral ossification and reduces the inflammatory reaction.

斑岩型矿床形成过程中的脉动式岩浆流体释放

目前普遍认为，斑岩型矿床的成矿过程是：就位于5-10km深的岩浆系统中分离出的岩浆流体（〉600℃）搬运成矿金属元素，并最终在一个狭窄的温度区间内（425～320℃。〈3km）以硫化物的形式沉淀。但是。关于流体演化过程与金属沉淀的关系方面的研究仅被限制在一个相对的时间框架内，这在一定程度上导致了人们对与矿化相关的热液过程的理解不够全面。

Quantitatively Evaluating the Erosion and Preservation of Supergene Oxide Zones:Evidence from the Yulong Porphyry Cu Deposit,Eastern Tibetan Plateau

INTRODUCTION.Weathering and erosion of sulfide ore deposits are important for understanding the post-mineralization processes that have significant effects on the preservation of primary orebodies(Velasco et al.,2013;Braxton et al.,2009;Brimhall et al.,1985).Supergene oxide zones are often developed in sulfide ore deposits,and are mainly composed of iron oxides and hydroxides zones in weathering profile(Andrew,1984;Thornber et al.,1981).

Surface modification of 316L stainless steeldiamond-like carbon films

The diamond-like carbon(DLC)film on 316L stainless steel substrate was preparedpulsed plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition,and the performance of the films was optimizedregulating the pulse voltage.Microstructure and properties of DLC film on 316L stainless steel were characterizedatomic force microscopy,field-emission scanning electron microscopy,Raman spectra,nano-indenter and electrochemical workstations.The results showed that DLC films with smooth and dense morphology have a low friction coefficient and high nano-indentation hardness,and the surface hardness of 316L stainless steel substrate was enhancedmore than 3 times.The mechanical properties of DLC films and their bond with 316L stainless steel could be further optimizedincreasing pulse voltage.DLC films on 316L stainless steel substrate increased the self-corrosion potential0.173 V and decreased self-corrosion current99%,which significantly improved the anti-corrosive properties of 316L substrate.

First-principles investigation GeP3 nanoribbon-based of quantum transport in tunneling junctions

Two-dimensional （2D） GeP3 has recently been theoretically proposed as a new low-dimensional ma- terial [Nano Lett. 17（3）, 1833 （2017）]. In this manuscript, we propose a first-principles calculation to investigate the quantum transport properties of several GeP3 nanoribbon-based atomic tunneling junctions. Numerical results indicate that monolayer GeP3 nanoribbons show semiconducting behav- ior, whereas trilayer GeP3 nanoribbons express metallic behavior owing to the strong interaction between each of the layers. This behavior is in accordance with that proposed in two-dimensional GeP3 layers. The transmission coefficient T（E） of tunneling junctions is sensitive to the connecting formation between the central monolayer GeP3 nanoribbon and the trilayer GeP3 nanoribbon at both ends. The T（E） value of the bottom-connecting tunneling junction is considerably larger than those of the middle-connecting and top-connecting ones. With increases in gate voltage, the conductances increase for the bottom-connecting and middle-connecting tunneling junctions, but decrease for the top-connecting tunneling junctions. In addition, the conductance decreases exponentially with respect to the length of the central monolayer GeP3 nanoribbon for all the tunneling junctions. I-V curves show approximately linear behavior for the bottom-connecting and middle-connecting structures, but exhibit negative differential resistance for the top-connecting structures. The physics of each phe- nomenon is analyzed in detail.

Laparoscopic partial splenectomy in the treatment of splenic ectopic pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurred outside the uterus,usually in the fallopian tube,followed by other abdominal pregnancies.Ectopic pregnancy could not develop normally to term and requires sufficient evaluation and intervention with medication or surgery in most cases(1).As a rare form of abdominal pregnancy(2),splenic ectopic pregnancy could be treated by drug treatment(3)or surgical interventions,including laparotomy and laparoscopy,which focused on total splenectomy(4,5).A previous study(6)indicated that laparoscopic partial splenectomy for selected patients was safe and feasible.Due to the fragile texture of the spleen,the suture method during laparoscopic partial splenectomy was technically demanding since it might encounter higher risk of splenic vascular hemorrhage than total splenectomy.Hence,few reports focused on the treatment of splenic ectopic pregnancy via laparoscopic partial splenectomy(7).In order to avoid the potential severe complications such as hemoperitoneum(8)caused by drug treatment alone,and to avert impaired hematopoietic and immune function caused by total splenectomy,we herein presented a case(Video 1)of a 30-year-old woman(gravida 2,para 1)undergoing laparoscopic partial splenectomy performed by hepatobiliary surgeons to treat splenic ectopic pregnancy.

Incidence and risk factors of tuberculosis among the elderly population in China:a prospective cohort study

Background:China is facing challenges of the shifting presentation of tuberculosis(TB)from younger to elderly due to an ageing population,longer life expectancy and reactivation disease.However,the burden of elderly TB and influence factors are not yet clear.To fill the gap,we generated a cohort study to measure the magnitude of TB incidence and associated factors among the elderly population aged 65 years and above in China.Methods:In this cohort established in 2013 through a prevalence survey conducted in selected sites,a total of 34076 elderlies without TB were enrolled into two-year follow-up.We used both active and passive case findings to find out all TB patients among them.The person-year(PY)incidence rates for both bacteriologically positive TB and active TB were calculated.Cox proportional regression model was performed to test effect of risk factors,and the population attributable fraction(PAF)of each risk factor contributing to incident TB among elderlies was calculated.Results:Over the two-year follow-up period,a total of 215 incident active TB were identified,62 of which were bacteriologically positive.The incidence rates for active TB and bacteriologically positive TB were 481.8 per 100000 PY(95%CI:417.4–546.2 per 100000 PY)and 138.9 per 100000 PY(95%CI:104.4–173.5 per 100000 PY),respectively.Incident cases detected by active case finding were significantly higher(P<0.001).Male,non-Han nationality,previously treated TB,ex/current smoker and body mass index(BMI)<18.5 presented as independent predictors for developing TB disease.For developing bacteriologically positive TB,the biggest contribution was from self-reported ex or current smoker(18.06%).And,for developing active TB,the biggest contribution was from non-Han nationality(35.40%),followed by male(26.80%)and age at 75 years and above(10.85%).Conclusions:Ageing population in China had a high TB incidence rate and risk to develop TB disease,implying that National TB Program(NTP)needs to prioritize for elderly.Active case finding should be applied capture more active TB cases among this particular population,especially for male,non-Han nationality,and those with identified risk factors.

Prevalence and risk factors of active pulmonary tuberculosis among elderly people in China:a population based cross-sectional study

Background:The problem of population aging is a critical public health concern in modern China,and more tuberculosis(TB)control efforts are needed to reach elderly people at high priority.In this study,we aim to determine the prevalence and identify the risk factors of TB among elderly people in China.Methods:A multistage cluster-sampled cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2013,and 27 clusters were selected from 10 counties of 10 provinces in China.All consenting participants greater than or equal to 65 years of age were screened for pulmonary TB with a chest X-ray(CXR)and a symptom questionnaire.Three sputum specimens for bacteriological examination by microscopy and culture were collected from those whose screening was positive.Prevalence was calculated,a multiple logistic regression model was performed to confirm the risk factors,and population attributable fraction(PAF)of each risk factor was calculated to indicate the public health significance.Results:Of 38888 eligible people from 27 clusters,34269 participants finished both questionnaire and physical examination.There were 193 active pulmonary TB cases,62 of which were bacteriologically confirmed.The estimated prevalence of active pulmonary TB and bacteriologically confirmed TB in those 65 years of age and older was 563.19 per 100000(95%CI:483.73-642.65)and 180.92 per 100000(95%CI:135.89-225.96),respectively.Male sex,older age,living in rural areas,underweight,diabetes,close contact of pulmonary TB(PTB)and previous TB history are all risk factors for TB.The risk of TB increased with increasing age and decreasing body mass index(BMI)after adjusting for other factors,and there is a positive dose-response relationship.Conclusions:In China,active case finding(ACF)could be implemented among elderly people aged 65 and above with underweight,diabetes,close contact history and previous TB history as a priority,which will get significant yields and be cost-effective.

Elaborate Scene Reconstruction with a Consumer Depth Camera

A robust approach to elaborately reconstruct the indoor scene with a consumer depth camera is proposed in this paper. In order to ensure the accuracy and completeness of 3D scene model reconstructed from a freely moving camera, this paper proposes new 3D reconstruction methods, as follows： 1） Depth images are processed with a depth adaptive bilateral filter to effectively improve the image quality; 2） A local-to-global registration with the content-based segmentation is performed, which is more reliable and robust to reduce the visual odometry drifts and registration errors; 3） An adaptive weighted volumetric method is used to fuse the registered data into a global model with sufficient geometrical details. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach increases the robustness and accuracy of the geometric models which were reconstructed from a consumer-grade depth camera.

Characteristics of the Structure and Properties of ZnSnO3 Films by Varying the Magnetron Sputtering Parameters

Transparent conductive oxide ZnSnO3 films were prepared by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering from powder targets and were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, surface profile, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Hall effect. The structures of the films were either amorphous or nanocrystalline depending on sputtering parameters including deposition time, target power, chamber pressure, and the target-substrate separation. The average transmittance of the ZnSnO3 films within the visible wavelength was approximately 80% and the resistivity of the ZnSnO3 films was in the range of 10^-3-10^-4 Ω cm. The structural, optical, and electrical properties of the ZnSnO3 films could be adjusted and regulated by optimizing the sputtering process, allowing materials with specific properties to be designed.

Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for patient with a history of open cholecystectomy and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by coinfection of avian influenza A (H7N9) and Epstein-Barr virus

To the Editor:Most patients infected with avian influenza A (H7N9) rapidly develop progressive pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a heterogeneous disorder that is refractory to conventional mechanical ventilation. Most H7N9 patients also have underlying disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and heart diseases, and are more susceptible to coinfections. For these patients with such serious complications, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support can be adopted as a feasible life-saving therapy Here, we present our successful experience with ECMO utilized in a patient with ARDS and also with H 7N9 and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection.

Enhanced mechanical properties in Al/diamond composites by Si addition

Diamond particles reinforced aluminum–silicon matrix composites,abbreviated as Al（Si）/diamond composites,were fabricated by squeeze casting.The effect of Si content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated.The mechanical properties are found to increase monotonically with Si content increasing up to 7.0 wt%.The Al-7.0 wt% Si/diamond composite exhibits tensile strength of 78 MPa,bending strength of 230 MPa,and compressive strength of426 MPa.Al–Si eutectic phases are shown to connect with Al matrix and diamond particles tightly,which is responsible for the enhancement of mechanical properties in the Al（Si）/diamond composites.

Construction of high-performance magnetic sensor based on anisotropic magnetoresistance Ta/MgO/NiFe/MgO/Ta film

The anisotropic magnetoresistance film is an important core material for developing the magnetic sensors.Here,Ta(5)/Mg O(3)/Ni Fe(10)/Mg O(3)/Ta(3)multilayers(in nanometer)were prepared by magnetron sputtering and further applied to construct a sensor element by combining with the Wheatstone bridge.The 1/f noise of the sensor element was greatly reduced by three orders of magnitude after annealing at 400℃for 7200 s,which was mainly due to the significant microstructural changes during the annealing.However,when the sensor element was applied to detect the magnetic signal of a magnetic code disk with 512 N-S magnetic poles,the output voltage signal of the sensor displayed a large fluctuation of±0.05 V.In order to reduce the voltage fluctuation,a magnetic sensor chip by using a parallelly arranged multipath Wheatstone bridges and auto-gain compensation structure was designed,and magnetic sensor elements and the high-performance computing drive module were prepared.The output voltage fluctuation of the magnetic sensor was reduced by about 90%and approached to±0.005 V.These findings provide an important basis for the practical application of Ni Fe-based magnetic sensing film materials.