国内肿瘤放射治疗领域基础研究的现状与展望

恶性肿瘤是严重危害我国人民生命健康的重大疾病。放射治疗是恶性肿瘤的主要治疗手段之一,在肿瘤多学科综合治疗中发挥重要作用。近年来,随着肿瘤放射治疗技术的变革和进步,以及治疗设备的不断迭代升级,大幅提高了治疗效果,同时也给肿瘤放射治疗领域的基础研究带来了新的契机。本文就国家自然科学基金肿瘤学科2014年至2023年对肿瘤放射治疗领域研究项目的资助情况进行回顾分析,旨在了解我国肿瘤放射治疗基础研究现状、面临的挑战和未来的发展,为今后肿瘤放射治疗领域的科学研究和学科发展规划提供参考。

2023年度肿瘤学科基金项目申请和评审工作综述

2023年国家自然科学基金的各项评审工作已经结束,本文梳理了2023年度医学科学部七处(以下简称“医学七处”)基金项目受理和评审情况,有助于肿瘤学科领域科研工作者对医学七处资助领域的总体情况有所了解,并为2024年度拟在医学七处申报项目的申请人提供参考。

Mapping the antiparallel aligned domain rotation by microwave excitation

The evolution process of magnetic domains in response to external fields is crucial for the modern understanding and application of spintronics.In this study,we investigated the domain rotation in stripe domain films of varying thicknesses by examining their response to microwave excitation in four different orientations.The resonance spectra indicate that the rotation field of stripe domain film under an applied magnetic field approaches the field where the resonance mode of sample changes.The saturation field of the stripe domain film corresponds to the field where the resonance mode disappears when measured in the stripe direction parallel to the microwave magnetic field.The results are reproducible and consistent with micromagnetic simulations,providing additional approaches and techniques for comprehending the microscopic mechanisms of magnetic domains and characterizing their rotation.

Influence of exchange bias on spin torque ferromagnetic resonance for quantification of spin–orbit torque efficiency

Antiferromagnet(AFM)/ferromagnet(FM)heterostructure is a popular system for studying the spin–orbit torque(SOT)of AFMs.However,the interfacial exchange bias field induces that the magnetization in FM layer is noncollinear to the external magnetic field,namely the magnetic moment drag effect,which further influences the characteristic of SOT efficiency.In this work,we study the SOT efficiencies of IrMn/NiFe bilayers with strong interfacial exchange bias by using spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance(ST-FMR)method.A full analysis on the AFM/FM systems with exchange bias is performed,and the angular dependence of magnetization on external magnetic field is determined through the minimum rule of free energy.The ST-FMR results can be well fitted by this model.We obtained the relative accurate SOT efficiencyξ_(DL)=0.058 for the IrMn film.This work provides a useful method to analyze the angular dependence of ST-FMR results and facilitates the accurate measurement of SOT efficiency for the AFM/FM heterostructures with strong exchange bias.

Influence of Phosphorus Content and Magnetic Annealing on Soft Magnetic Properties of Electrodeposited Amorphous FeMnP Alloy Films

In this work, we investigated the influence of phosphorus and magnetic anneal on the soft magnetic properties of electrodeposited FeMnP alloy films prepared by changing sodium hypophosphite concentrations. X-ray diffraction radiation patterns showed an amorphous structure of electrodeposited alloy films. The saturation magnetization and coercivity value decreased from 586 emu/cc to 346 emu/cc, and 52 Oe to 18 Oe, with the P content increased, respectively. The absorption resonance peak became broad as the P content increased, and the natural resonance frequency decreased from 1.8 GHz to 0.6 GHz, with the P content increasing. Magnetic annealing of samples reduced the magnetic damping, and natural resonance frequency increased by about 1.8 GHz and 3.5 GHz for the sample with lower and higher P content. The film structure with lower P content changed at 300˚C, while the structure remains unchanged for the films with higher P content. Thus, the crystallization temperature could depend on the P content in the film. FeMnP alloy films could be used in high-frequency devices.

Preparation and Performance of the Hyperbranched Polyamine as an Effective Shale Inhibitor for Water-Based Drilling Fluid

Seeking effective solutions to control and mitigate the interaction between drilling fluids and clay formations has been a challenge for many years, and various shale inhibitors have shown excellent results in problematic shale formations around the world. Herein, the hyperbranched polyamine (HBPA) inhibitor with a higher ratio of amine groups and obvious tendentiousness in protonation was successfully synthesized from ethylenediamine, acryloyl chloride and aziridine by five steps, in which the metal-organic framework (MOF) was employed as a catalyst for ring-open polycondensation (ROP). The structure and purity were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) respectively. The HBPA displays more excellent performance than EDA and KCl widely applied in the oil field. After aging at 80°C and 180°C, the YP of a slurry system containing 25 wt.% bentonite and 2 wt.% HBPA are just 8.5 Pa and 5.5 Pa (wt.%: percentage of mass), respectively. The swelling lengths of 2 wt.% HBPA are estimated to be 1.78 mm, which falls by 70% compared with that of freshwater. Under a hot rolling aging temperature of 180°C, the HBPA system demonstrates a significant inhibition with more than 85% shale cuttings recovery rate and is superior to conventional EDA and KCl. Mechanism analysis further validates that the HBPA can help to increase the zeta potential.

2020年度国家自然科学基金临床肿瘤学科申请与资助项目分析和思考

随着基于四类科学问题属性的分类评审的实施,国家自然科学基金委员会医学科学部临床肿瘤学科申请与资助项目也呈现出新的特点与趋势。本文总结了2020年度国家自然科学基金临床肿瘤学科面上项目、青年科学基金项目、地区科学基金项目的申请与资助概况,并按照四类科学问题属性、肿瘤靶器官类型、不同研究方向、2021年度启用的新学科代码体系,对2020年度临床肿瘤学科申请与资助的面上项目进行深入分析。同时,也结合肿瘤学研究发展的最新进展,探讨了2020年度临床肿瘤学科申请与资助项目的一些新特点。

Comparison of the postoperative pain change and spinal stenosis rate between percutaneous vertebroplasty combined with radiofrequency ablation and with ^(125)I particle implantation in the treatment of metastatic spinal cord compression:A retrospective st

Background context:Metastatic spinal cord compression(MSCC)seriously affects the survival rate.Objective:The therapeutic effects of two treatment strategies for MSCC:percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)combined with radiofrequency ablation(RFA)and PVP combined with^(125)I particle implantation,were compared.Study design:Retrospective study.Patient sample:40 patients with MSCC were divided into two groups:19 cases in the RFA group and 21 cases in the^(125)I group.Method:All patients were accessed to determine the differences in pain,which was evaluated using the visual analog scale(VAS)at 1 week,1 month,and 3 months after the operation,and spinal stenosis rates(SSRs),which were measured at 1 and 3 months after the operation,between the two groups.Results:The VAS scores and SSRs at baseline were comparable between the RFA group and the^(125)I group(7.19±2.07 vs 7.42±1.95,37.7%±11.2%vs 41.1%±11.4%).The VAS scores and SSRs at 1 month and 3 months after the operation were significantly reduced in both groups,compared with those at baseline.The VAS scores and SSRs in the^(125)I group were lower than those in the RFA group at 3 months after the operation(1.09±0.97 vs 1.75±1.06 p=0.048 and 12.3%±6.4%vs 18.1%±10.1%p=0.034),while the VAS scores at1 week after the operation in the RFA group were lower than those in the^(125)I group(4.39±1.34 vs 5.05±1.82 p=0.049).Conclusion:PVP combined with RFA has a slight advantage in relieving pain in the short term,while PVP combined with^(125)I particle implantation may have a better effect in the relieving pain and decreasing the SSRs at 3 months after the operation.

Study of structure-property relationship of semiconductor nanomaterials by off-axis electron holography

As the scaling down of semiconductor devices, it would be necessary to discover the structure-property relationship of semiconductor nanomaterials at nanometer scale. In this review, the quantitative characterization technique off-axis electron holography is introduced in details, followed by its applications in various semiconductor nanomaterials including group IV, compound and two-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures in static states as well as under various stimuli. The advantages and disadvantages of off-axis electron holography in material analysis are discussed, the challenges facing in-situ electron holographic study of semiconductor devices at working conditions are presented, and all the possible influencing factors need to be considered to achieve the final goal of fulfilling quantitative characterization of the structure-property relationship of semiconductor devices at their working conditions.

Structural evolution of low-dimensional metal oxide semiconductors under external stress

Metal oxide semiconductors(MOSs) are attractive candidates as functional parts and connections in nanodevices.Upon spatial dimensionality reduction, the ubiquitous strain encountered in physical reality may result in structural instability and thus degrade the performance of MOS. Hence, the basic insight into the structural evolutions of low-dimensional MOS is a prerequisite for extensive applications, which unfortunately remains largely unexplored. Herein, we review the recent progress regarding the mechanical deformation mechanisms in MOSs, such as CuO and ZnO nanowires(NWs). We report the phase transformation of CuO NWs resulting from oxygen vacancy migration under compressive stress and the tensile strain-induced phase transition in ZnO NWs. Moreover, the influence of electron beam irradiation on interpreting the mechanical behaviors is discussed.

The characteristics of mRNA m^(6)A methylomes in allopolyploid Brassica napus and its diploid progenitors

Genome duplication events,comprising whole-genome duplication and single-gene duplication,produce a complex genomic context leading to multiple levels of genetic changes.However,the characteristics of m^(6)A modification,the most widespread internal eukaryotic mRNA modification,in polyploid species are still poorly understood.This study revealed the characteristics of m^(6)A methylomes within the early formation and following the evolution of allopolyploid Brassica napus.We found a complex relationship between m^(6)A modification abundance and gene expression level depending on the degree of enrichment or presence/absence of m^(6)A modification.Overall,the m^(6)A genes had lower gene expression levels than the non-m^(6)A genes.Allopolyploidization may change the expression divergence of duplicated gene pairs with identical m^(6)A patterns and diverged m^(6)A patterns.Compared with duplicated genes,singletons with a higher evolutionary rate exhibited higher m^(6)A modification.Five kinds of duplicated genes exhibited distinct distributions of m^(6)A modifications in transcripts and gene expression level.In particular,tandem duplication-derived genes showed unique m^(6)A modification enrichment around the transcript start site.Active histone modifications(H3K27ac and H3K4me3)but not DNA methylation were enriched around genes of m^(6)A peaks.These findings provide a new understanding of the features of m 6A modification and gene expression regulation in allopolyploid plants with sophisticated genomic architecture.

Effect of Glycerol Fructose Combined with Mannitol on Patients with Cerebral Hemorrhage and Cerebral Edema

Objective:To observe the effect of glycerol fructose combined with mannitol in the treatment of patients with clinical intracerebral hemorrhage complicated by cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure,and to evaluate the clinical application value of this treatment.Methods:Seventy patients with cerebral hemorrhage complicated by brain edema were randomly divided into observation and control groups.Both groups had exactly the same number of study participants.There were some differences in specific treatment methods.The specific process is as follows:The control group was treated with mannitol,while the observation group was treated with dual-purpose glycerol fructose.Several important indicators after treatment in the two groups were scored,the effects between different groups were compared,and the effect of clinical treatment was evaluated.Results:The final effect was compared and analyzed.After data analysis,we found that the intracranial pressure of the observation group was lower,the volume of brain edema was significantly reduced(P<0.05),and the NIH Stroke Scale/Score(NIHSS)was lower(P<0.05).Conclusion:Using mannitol combined with glycerol fructose can achieve better treatment effect by significantly improving the problem of brain edema.

Cu(Ⅰ)-catalyzed cascade reaction of N-tosylhydrazones with 3-butyn-1-ol:A new synthesis of tetrahydrofurans

The Cu(I)‐catalyzed cascade coupling/cyclization reaction of N‐tosylhydrazones with 3‐butyn‐1‐ol has been explored. This new strategy represents a simple platform for the synthesis of tetrahydrofurans in moderate to good yields.

Height connection across sea by using satellite altimetry data sets,ellipsoidal heights,astrogeodetic deflections of the vertical,and an Earth Gravity Model

Islands and the mainland are separated by seas,and the distances between them might be so long that the height on the mainland cannot be exactly translated to the islands,resulting in different height systems on the mainland and the islands.In this study,we used astrogeodetic deflections of the vertical and ellipsoidal heights of points on the mainland and island near their coastlines to implement height connection across sea areas.First,the modeled gravity and modeled astrogeodetic vertical deflections of segmentation points along connecting routes over the sea between the mainland and the island were determined by Earth Gravity Model(EGM),and the ellipsoidal heights of segmentation points were determined by the satellite altimetry data sets.Second,we used a linear interpolation model to increase the precision of the vertical deflections of segmentation points.Third,we computed the geopotential difference of points between the mainland and the island using a method derived from geopotential theory and the astronomical leveling principle.Finally,we estimated the normal height of the point on the island using the geopotential-difference iterative computation approach.Using observed data of normal heights,ellipsoidal heights,and astrogeodetic vertical deflections referring to height sites in Qingdao,Shandong Province,we conducted a numerical experiment involving the normal height connection across sea regions.We determined the data of the ellipsoidal heights and gravity of segmentation points along the connecting route across the water in the numerical experiment using DTU10.The distance of the height connection across the sea was approximately 10.5 km.According to China's official leveling specifications,the experimental results met the criterion of third-class leveling precision.

A Primary Study on Mechanical Properties of Heat-Treated Wood via in-situ Synthesis of Calcium Carbonate

This study aims to improve the value of fast-growing wood and extend the heat-treated wood utilization using inorganic calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))crystals via an in-situ synthesis method.CaCl_(2)and Na 2CO_(3)solutions with a concentration ratio of 1:1 were successively introduced into the thermally modified poplar wood obtained by steam heat treatment(HT)at 200℃for 1.5 and 3 h,resulting in the in-situ synthesis of CaCO_(3)crystals inside the heat-treated wood.The filling effect was best at the concentration of 1.2 mol/L.CaCO_(3)was uniformly distributed in the cell cavities of the heat-treated wood,and some of the crystals were embedded in the fissures of the wood cell walls.The morphology of CaCO_(3)crystals was mainly spherical and rhombic polyhedral.Three main types of CaCO_(3)crystals were calcite,vaterite,and aragonite.The HT of poplar wood at 200℃resulted in degrading the chemical components of the wood cell wall.This degradation led to reduced wood mechanical properties,including the surface hardness(HD),modulus of rupture(MOR),and modulus of elasticity(MOE).After CaCO_(3)was in-situ synthesized in the heat-treated wood,the HD increased by 18.36%and 16.35%,and MOR increased by 14.64%and 8.89%,respectively.Because of the CaCO_(3)synthesization,the char residue of the 200℃heat-treated wood samples increased by 9.31%and the maximum weight loss rate decreased by 19.80%,indicating that the filling with CaCO_(3)cannot only improve the mechanical properties of the heat-treated wood but also effectively enhance its thermal stability.

Electronic Coupling of Single Atom and FePS_3 Boosts Water Electrolysis

Engineering the electronic structure of surface active sites at the atomic level can be an efficient way to modulate the reactivity of catalysts.Herein,we report the rational tuning of surface electronic structure of FePS_(3) nanosheets(NSs)by anchoring atomically dispersed metal atom.Theoretical calculations predict that the strong electronic coupling effect in single-atom Ni-FePS_(3) facilitates electron aggregation from Fe atom to the nearby Ni-S bond and enhances the electron-transfer of Ni and S sites,which balances the oxygen species adsorption capacity,reinforces water adsorption and dissociation process to accelerate corresponding oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).The optimal Ni-FePS_(3)NSs/C exhibits outstanding electrochemical water-splitting activities,delivering an overpotential of 287 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) and a Tafel slope of 41.1 mV dec^(-1) for OER;as well as an overpotential decrease of 219 mV for HER compared with pure FePS_(3)NSs/C.The concept of electronic coupling interaction between the substrate and implanted single active species offers an additional method for catalyst design and beyond.

Spin-dependent Transport Properties of CrO_2 Micro Rod

The Cr O2 micro rod powder was synthesized by decomposing the Cr O3 flakes at a specific temperature to yield precursor and annealing such a precursor in a sealed glass tube. The magneto-transport properties have been measured by a direct current four-probe method using a Cu/Cr O2rods/colloidal silver liquid electrode sandwich device. The largest magnetoresistance(MR) around *72 % was observed at 77 K with applied current of 0.05 l A. The non-linear I–V curve indicates a tunneling type transport properties and the tunneling barrier height is around 2.2 ± 0.04 e V at 77 K, which is obtained with fitting the non-linear I–V curves using Simmons' equation. A mixing of Cr oxides on the surface of Cr O2 rod observed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy provides a tunneling barrier rather than a single phase of Cr2O3 insulating barrier. The MR shows strong bias voltage dependence and is ascribed to the two-step tunneling process.

Angle-dependent spin wave spectra of permalloy ring arrays

We investigated the angle-dependent spin wave spectra of permalloy ring arrays with the fixed outer diameter and various inner diameters by ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy and micromagnetic simulation.When the field is obliquely applied to the ring,local resonance mode can be observed in different parts of the rings.And the resonance mode will change to perpendicular spin standing waves if the magnetic field is applied along the perpendicular direction.The simulation results demonstrated this evolution and implied more resonance modes that maybe exist.And the mathematical fitting results based on the Kittel equation further proved the existence of local resonance mode.

Experimental of the influence of mineral composition and normal stress on the frictional slip of shale

Natural fractures are widely distributed in shale reservoirs.During the hydraulic fracturing process,frictional slip occurring on natural fractures can increase the reservoir permeability and is of great significance to improve the efficiency of reservoir stimulation.Shale contains a large amount of clay and organic matter,and its frictional behavior is different from that of other previously studied lithologies.In this paper,the frictional behavior of shale is analyzed,and the results show that the frictional behavior is controlled by the content of clay and organic matter.As the content of clay and organic matter increases,the micro support type transforms from the particle support mode by hard quartz mineral to matrix support mode by plastic clay and organic matter.Accordingly,the shear strength and friction coefficient of shale both decrease,and the shear type transforms from brittle to plastic.When the content of clay and organic matter is low,the asperity of friction surfaces will break in a brittle manner and the wear degree of surfaces is low.Therefore,fractures are still featured by moderate apertures after friction.The lower the content of clay and organic matter is,the easier the asperity of crack surfaces supports themselves,and the higher the fracture residual permeability is.Thus,promoting shear slip is the main measure of reservoir stimulation.However,when the content of clay and organic matter is high,the remaining post-slip fracture aperture is small.It is difficult to increase reservoir permeability through the frictional slip of natural fractures,and in this situation,the proppant support efficiency needs to be improved.

Improvement in Structural and Magnetic Properties of Electrospun Ni_1-xCu_xFe₂O₄Nanofibers

A series of Ni1-xCuxFe2O4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) nanofibers have been synthesized employing electrospinning method at 650°C. The effect of Cu substitution on structural, morphology and magnetic properties of NiFe2O4 nanofibers is reported. The XRD analysis showed the formation of single-phase cubic spinel Ni-Cu ferrite and an increasing behavior of lattice constant. The surface morphology is characterized by SEM, it is investigated that nanofibers have uniform and continuous morphology. The VSM results showed Cu substitution played an important role in magnetic properties of Ni1-xCuxFe2O4. The saturation magnetization (Ms) decreases linearly with increasing Cu2+ content, while coercivity (Hc) has slowly decreased before x ≤ 0.5, and then sharply increased to 723.9 Oe for x = 1.0. The magnetic properties of Ni1-xCuxFe2O4 can be explained in Neel’s model, cation distribution and shape anisotropy.