Porous framework materials for energy&environment relevant applications:A systematic review

Carbon peaking and carbon neutralization trigger a technical revolution in energy&environment related fields.Development of new technologies for green energy production and storage,industrial energy saving and efficiency reinforcement,carbon capture,and pollutant gas treatment is in highly imperious demand.The emerging porous framework materials such as metal–organic frameworks(MOFs),covalent organic frameworks(COFs)and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs),owing to the permanent porosity,tremendous specific surface area,designable structure and customizable functionality,have shown great potential in major energy-consuming industrial processes,including sustainable energy gas catalytic conversion,energy-efficient industrial gas separation and storage.Herein,this manuscript presents a systematic review of porous framework materials for global and comprehensive energy&environment related applications,from a macroscopic and application perspective.

中国氦气资源成藏规律与开发前景

氦气是一种关系国民经济和高新技术产业发展的全球性稀缺资源,中国工业用氦主要依赖进口,因此急需明确氦气成藏富集规律、寻找富氦气田,落实中国氦气资源家底和开发潜力。系统梳理了全球氦气资源分布及开发现状,开展国内氦气资源普查与分布研究,剖析了国内典型富氦气田气藏特征及成藏条件,明确了中国主要富氦气田氦气成因来源和富集成藏主控因素,认为中国天然气中氦气主要以壳源为主,指出相对浅埋的富铀钍古老花岗岩基底或侵入体、早期形成的大型稳定古隆起或古潜山、良好的上覆巨厚膏盐岩或泥岩盖层、沟通基底和储层的运移通道是氦气成藏富集的主控因素,建立了富氦常规气、富氦页岩气、富氦非烃气和富氦水溶气4种不同类型富氦气藏的成藏模式并预测富氦有利勘探区。在此基础上分析了中国氦气资源开发前景,提出了寻找富氦气田,加强中、低丰度氦气资源综合开发利用是未来提高中国国内氦气产量的重要方式。

New equation to decipher the relationship between carbon isotopic composition of methane and maturity of gas source rocks

The identification of the origin and source of natural gas is always a difficult and hot issue.Hereinto,the maturity identification is one of the most important scientific problems.Many empirical equations have been established to decipher the relationship between the maturity of gas source rocks and the carbon isotopic composition of natural gas.However,these equations proposed often fail to identify the maturity of the source rocks correctly,which in turn prevents the identification of genetic types and source rocks of the natural gas because the petroliferous sedimentary basins in China are complex and diverse,with multiple sets of source rocks and different thermal history.In this paper,the oil-associated gas from the Permian lacustrine source rocks and the coal-derived gas from the Jurassic source rocks in Junggar and Turpan-Hami basins have been investigated to decipher the relationship between the maturity(vitrinite reflectance)of gas source rocks and the carbon isotopic composition of methane.The equations established areδ^(13)C_(1)=25lgR_(o)-42.5 for oil-associated gas,andδ^(13)C_(1)=25lgR_(o)-37.5 for coal-derived gas.These new equations are suitable for the maturity identification of source rocks in most petroliferous basins,and favorable for the identification of the genetic type and source of natural gas,which is very important to improve the geological theory of natural gas.

Influencing factors and significance of organic and inorganic nitrogen isotopic compositions in lacustrine sedimentary rocks

Comprehensive nitrogen biogeochemical cycle has been reconstructed for representative lacustrine organic-rich sedimentary rock in China,namely the Triassic Yanchang Formation(YF,199–230 Ma)in Ordos and the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation(QF,86–92 Ma)in Songliao basins,by evaluating the organic and inorganic nitrogen isotopic compositions rather than only organic or bulk nitrogen isotopic compositions.The results indicate that the nitrogen isotope values of bulk rock(δ^(15)N_(bulk))in the non-metamorphic stage are significantly different from that of kerogen,which challenge the conceptual framework of sedimentary nitrogen isotope interpretation.Theδ^(15)N_(bulk)from the YF and QF were lower than their respective the nitrogen isotope values of kerogen(δ^(15)N_(ker)),with offsets up to5.1‰,which have the inverse relationship for the metamorphosed rock.Thermal evolution did not significantly modify the d15N of bulk rock and kerogen.The d15N of sediments from the YF(δ^(15)N_(bulk),1.6‰–5.6‰)were lower than that of rock from the QF(δ^(15)N_(bulk),10.2‰–15.3‰).The nitrogen isotope values of silicate incorporated nitrogen(δ^(15)N_(sil))were slightly lower than those of the d15Nker in the YF and obviously lower for the QF.The fact that different nitrogen cycles occur in the YF and QF due to the different depositional redox conditions leads to different isotopic results.The YF water environment dominated by oxic conditions is not conducive to the occurrence of denitrification and anammox,and no abundant N2 loss leads to the relatively lightδ^(15)N_(bulk).In the stratified water for the QF,redox transition zone promotes denitrification and anammox,resulting in the heavyδ^(15)N_(bulk)of rock and promotes the DNRA,resulting in heavyδ^(15)N_(ker)and lowδ^(15)N_(sil).

Leakage of mantle helium from the Liaodong Peninsula, China

The isotopic compositions of helium have been investigated in hot spring gases sampled from the Liaodong Peninsula, China. The 3He/ 4He ratios range from 0.14 Ra (0.14 times the atmospheric 3He/ 4He ratio of 1.40×10 -6) to 0.72 Ra. 3He/ 4He versus 4He/ 20Ne ratios and He contents suggest that a small amount of mantle-derived helium reaches the earth’s surface. Helium isotope ratios of the hot spring gases show a distribution pattern similar to the regional heat flow values, indicating that the positive thermal anomaly occurring in the area is closely associated with the presence of mantle-derived helium. The observations described above provide some significant evidence that the molten magma originating from partial melting of the upper mantle may have intruded into the continental crust along the activity fault. The coupling of the presence of mantle He and heat flow anomalies to seismic activity in studied region seem to imply that there is an internal relationship between mantle degassing and seismic