Insight into the synergistic effect of defect and strong interface coupling on ZnIn_(2)S_(4)/CoIn_(2)S_(4)heterostructure for boosting photocatalytic H_(2) evolution

Steering the directional carrier migration across the interface is a central mission for efficient photocatalytic reactions.In this work,an atomic-shared heterointerface is constructed between the defect-rich ZnIn_(2)S_(4)(HVs-ZIS)and CoIn_(2)S_(4)(CIS)via a defect-guided heteroepitaxial growth strategy.The strong interface coupling induces adequate carriers exchanging passageway between HVs-ZIS and CIS,enhancing the internal electric field(IEF)in the ZnIn_(2)S_(4)/CoIn_(2)S_(4)(HVs-ZIS/CIS)heterostructure.The defect structure in HVs-ZIS induces an additional defect level,improving the separation efficiency of photocarriers.Moreover,promoted by the IEF and intimate heterointerface,photogenerated electrons trapped by the defect level can migrate to the valence band of CIS,contributing to massive photogenerated electrons with intense reducibility in HVs-ZIS/CIS.Consequently,the HVs-ZIS/CIS heterostructure performs a boosted H_(2)evolution activity of 33.65 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1).This work highlights the synergistic effects of defect and strong interface coupling in regulating carrier transfer and paves a brave avenue for constructing efficient heterostructure photocatalysts.

Stable multi-electron reaction stimulated by W doping VS_(4)for enhancing magnesium storage performance

Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)hold promise for offering higher volumetric energy density and safety features,attracting increasing research interest as the next post lithium-ion batteries.Developing high performance cathode material by inducing multi-electron reaction process as well as maintaining structural stability is the key to the development and application of RMBs.Herein,multielectron reaction occurred in VS_(4)by simple W doping strategy.W doping induces valence of partial V as V^(2+)and V^(3+)in VS_(4)structure,and then stimulates electrochemical reaction involving multi-electrons in 0.5%W-V-S.The flower-like microsphere morphology as well as rich S vacancies is also modulated by W doping to neutralize structure change in such multi-electron reaction process.The fabricated 0.5%W-V-S delivers higher specific capacity(149.3 m A h g^(-1)at 50 m A g^(-1),which is 1.6 times higher than that of VS_(4)),superior rate capability(76 mA h g^(-1)at 1000 mA g^(-1)),and stable cycling performance(1500cycles with capacity retention ratio of 93.8%).Besides that,pesudocapaticance-like contribution analysis as well as galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT)further confirms the enhanced Mg^(2+)storage kinetics during such multi-electron involved electrochemical reaction process.Such discovery provides new insights into the designing of multi-electron reaction process in cathode as well as neutralizing structural change during such reaction for realizing superior electrochemical performance in energy storage devices.

Preparation and Properties of the Composite Enhancement Layer of Bearing Ring

In this paper, the NU308 bearing rings were subjected to strengthen grinding treatment (SGT) at ambient temperature. And the running reliabilities of specimens that subjected to SGT and conventional treatment (CT) were respectively investigated by testing dynamic properties including the running temperature, vibrations, and surface burning. Moreover, the residual stress, microtopography, and microstructures on the cross-section were respectively tested with residual stress analyzer and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the running reliabilities of the specimen after SGT had been significantly improved with the reduction of running temperature, vibration, and surface burning. Further study showed that the specimen’s surface was filled with disordered micropores after SGT compared to the regular strip texture on the CT specimen’s surface, and the maximum residual compressive stress induced by SGT was about −900 MPa. Moreover, the thickness of the residual compressive stress layer was over 180 µm, while the thickness of severe plastic deformation layer was about 50 µm.

Hand Gesture Recognition Using Appearance Features Based on 3D Point Cloud

This paper presents a method for hand gesture recognition based on 3D point cloud. Digital image processing technology is used in this research. Based on the 3D point from depth camera, the system firstly extracts some raw data of the hand. After the data segmentation and preprocessing, three kinds of appearance features are extracted, including the number of stretched fingers, the angles between fingers and the gesture region’s area distribution feature. Based on these features, the system implements the identification of the gestures by using decision tree method. The results of experiment demonstrate that the proposed method is pretty efficient to recognize common gestures with a high accuracy.

In-situ optimizing the valence configuration of vanadium sites in NiV-LDH nanosheet arrays for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction

Developing the highly active, cost-effective, environmental-friendly, and ultra-stable nonprecious electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) is distinctly indispensable for the large-scale practical applications of hydrolytic hydrogen production. Herein, we report the synthesis of well-integrated electrode, NiV layered double hydroxide nanosheet array grown in-situ on porous nickel foam(abbreviated as in-NiV-LDH/NF) via the facile one-step hydrothermal route. Interestingly, the valence configuration of vanadium(V) sites in such NiV-LDH are well dominated by the innovative use of NF as the reducing regulator, achieving the reassembled in-NiV-LDH/NF with a high proportion of trivalent V ions(V3+), and then an enhanced intrinsic electrocatalytic HER activity. The HER testing results show that the in-NiVLDH/NF drives the current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm-2 at extremely low overpotentials of 114 and 245 mV without iR-compensation respectively, even outperforms commercial 20 wt% Pt/C at the large current density of over 80 mA cm-2 in alkaline media, as well as gives robust catalytic durability of at least 100 h in both alkaline and neutral media. More importantly, this work provides a fresh perspective for designing bimetal(oxy) hydroxides electrocatalysts with efficient hydrogen generation.

Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter modifies the association between physical activity and hypertension incidence

Background:The trade-off between the benefits of regular physical activity(PA)and the potentially detrimental effects of augmented exposure to air pollution in highly polluted regions remains unclear.This study aimed to examine whether ambient fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))exposure modified the impacts of PA volume and intensity on hypertension risk.Methods:We included 54,797 participants without hypertension at baseline in a nationwide cohort of the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China(China-PAR)project.PA volume and intensitywere assessed by questionnaire,and high-resolution(1 km×1 km)PM_(2.5)estimates were generated using a satellite-based model.Results:During 413,516 person-years of follow-up,12,100 incident hypertension cases were identified.PM_(2.5)significantly modified the relationship between PA and hypertension incidence(p_(interaction)<0.001).Increased PA volume was negatively associated with incident hypertension in the low PM_(2.5)stratum(<59.8μg/m^(3),ptrend<0.001),with a hazard ratio of 0.81(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.74-0.88)when comparing the fourth with the first quartile of PA volume.However,the health benefits were not observed in the high PM_(2.5)stratum(≥59.8μg/m^(3),p_(trend)=0.370).Moreover,compared with light PA intensity,vigorous intensity was related to a 20%(95%CI:9%-29%)decreased risk of hypertension for participants exposed to low PM_(2.5),but a 17%(95%CI:4%-33%)increased risk for those with high PM_(2.5)levels.Conclusion:PA was associated with a reduced risk of hypertension only among participants with low PM_(2.5)exposure.Our findings recommended regular PA to prevent hypertension in less polluted regions and reinforced the importance of air quality improvement.

Adverse associations of sedentary behavior with cancer incidence and all-cause mortality:A prospective cohort study

Background:Inconsistent results have been reported in developed countries for relationships between sedentary behavior and cancer incidence and mortality,and evidence from the Chinese population is scarce.This study aimed to investigate such relationships in large Chinese population-based prospective cohorts and to explore the joint effect and interaction of sedentary behavior and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)on these relationships.Methods:We included 95,319 Chinese adults without cancer from 3 large cohorts and assessed their sedentary behavior and physical activity with a unified questionnaire.Cancer incidence and mortality were confirmed by interviewing participants or their proxies and checking hospital records and death certificates.Hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)for cancer and mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.Results:During 559,002 person-years of follow-up,2388 cancer events,1571 cancer deaths,and 4562 all-cause deaths were recorded.Sedentary behavior was associated with increased risk of developing cancer and deaths in a doseresponse manner.The multivariable-adjusted HRs(95%CIs)were the following:HR=1.16,95%CI:1.01-1.33;HR=1.24,95%CI:1.04-1.48;and HR=1.15,95%CI:1.04-1.28 for cancer incidence,cancer mortality,and all-cause mortality,respectively,for those having≥10 h/day of sedentary time compared with those having<6 h/day of sedentary time.Sedentary populations(≥10 h/day)developed cancer or died 4.09 years and 2.79 years earlier,respectively,at the index age of 50 years.Failure to achieve the recommended level of MVPA may further aggravate the adverse associations,with the highest cancer and mortality risks being observed among participants with both≥10 h/day of sedentary time and<150 min/week of MVPA.Limitations of this study include the fact that physical activity information was obtained via questionnaire instead of objective measurement and that there were insufficient incident cases for the analysis of associations between sedentary behavior and site-specific cancers.Conclusion:Sedentary behavior was associated with an increased risk of cancer and all-cause mortality among Chinese adults,especially for those with≥10 h/day of sedentary time.It is necessary to reduce sedentary time,in addition to increasing MVPA levels,for the prevention of cancer and premature death.

Copper-comprising nanocrystals as well-defined electrocatalysts to advance electrochemical CO_(2) reduction

In the continuous development of electrochemical CO_(2) reduction (ECR), Cu-based electrocatalysts have received great attention, due to their unique ability to produce high value-added multicarbon products. Of particular interest are various Cu-comprising nanocrystals, not only because they usually show better catalytic properties than bulk materials, but also because their well-defined structures and highly tunable compositions facilitate in-depth mechanistic studies. This review aims to summarize the latest developments of electrocatalysts for ECR, with a focus on systems using Cu-comprising nanocrystals. We first give a general introduction to the field of ECR, covering the significance of this process, reaction mechanisms, catalyst evaluation criteria, and electrolytic cell configurations. Next, we discuss Cu-comprising nanocrystals developed for ECR by categorizing them into four groups: monometallic copper, copper-containing bimetals/multimetals, copper compounds, and copper–metal oxide hybrids;among these groups, we choose representative examples for detailed discussion on the synthetic methods, structural and compositional reaction sensitivities, and catalyst evolution during ECR. In the last section, we outline the challenges in this field from the fundamental and applicative aspects, and give perspectives on the expansion of catalyst varieties, the identification and preservation of active sites, and the exploration of industrially relevant operations for these nanocrystals. We hope the insights provided in this review will inspire the design and development of next-generation catalysts for ECR.

Plant drought tolerance trait is the key parameter in improving the modeling of terrestrial transpiration in arid and semi-arid regions

The prediction of precipitation depends on accurate modeling of terrestrial transpiration.In recent decades,the trait-based plant hydraulic stress scheme has been developed in land surface models,in order to better predict the hydraulic constraint on terrestrial transpiration.However,the role that each plant functional trait plays in the modeling of transpiration remains unknown.The importance of different plant functional traits for modeled transpiration needs to be addressed.Here,the Morris sensitivity analysis method was implemented in the Common Land Model with the plant hydraulic stress scheme(CoLM-P_(50)HS).Traits related to drought tolerance(P_(50);),stomata,and photosynthesis were screened as the most critical from all 17 plant traits.Among 12 FLUXNET sites,the importance of P_(50);,measured by normalized sensitivity scores,increased towards lower precipitation,whereas the importance of stomatal traits and photosynthetic traits decreased towards drier climate conditions.P_(50);was more important than stomatal traits and photosynthetic traits in arid or semi-arid sites,which implies that hydraulic safety strategies are more crucial than plant growth strategies when plants frequently experience drought.Large variation in drought tolerance traits further proved the coexistence of multiple plant strategies of hydraulic safety.Ignoring the variation in drought tolerance traits may potentially bias the modeling of transpiration.More measurements of drought tolerance traits are therefore necessary to help better represent the diversity of plant hydraulic functions.

A Position-Aware Transformer for Image Captioning

Image captioning aims to generate a corresponding description of an image.In recent years,neural encoder-decodermodels have been the dominant approaches,in which the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and Long Short TermMemory(LSTM)are used to translate an image into a natural language description.Among these approaches,the visual attention mechanisms are widely used to enable deeper image understanding through fine-grained analysis and even multiple steps of reasoning.However,most conventional visual attention mechanisms are based on high-level image features,ignoring the effects of other image features,and giving insufficient consideration to the relative positions between image features.In this work,we propose a Position-Aware Transformer model with image-feature attention and position-aware attention mechanisms for the above problems.The image-feature attention firstly extracts multi-level features by using Feature Pyramid Network(FPN),then utilizes the scaled-dot-product to fuse these features,which enables our model to detect objects of different scales in the image more effectivelywithout increasing parameters.In the position-aware attentionmechanism,the relative positions between image features are obtained at first,afterwards the relative positions are incorporated into the original image features to generate captions more accurately.Experiments are carried out on the MSCOCO dataset and our approach achieves competitive BLEU-4,METEOR,ROUGE-L,CIDEr scores compared with some state-of-the-art approaches,demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach.

Partial removal of the pulmonary artery in video-assisted thoracic surgery for non-small cell lung cancer

Lobectomy with partial removal of the pulmonary artery in video-assisted thoracic surgery （VATS） currently remains a challenge for thoracic surgeons. We were interested in introducing pulmonary vessel blocking techniques in open thoracic surgery into video-assisted thoracic surgery （VATS） procedures. In this study, we reported a surgical technique simultaneously blocking the pulmonary artery and the pulmonary vein for partial removal of the pulmonary artery under VATS. Seven patients with non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC） received lobectomy with partial removal of the pulmonary artery using the technique between December 2007 and March 2012. Briefly, rather than using a small clamp on the distal pulmonary artery to the area of invading cancer, we replaced a vascular clamp with a ribbon and Hem-o-lock clip to block the preserved pulmonary veins so as to prevent back bleeding and yield a better view for surgeons. The mean occlusion time of the pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins were 44.0±10.0 and 41.3±9.7 minutes, respectively. The mean repair time of the pulmonary artery was 25.3±13.7 minutes. No complications occurred. No patients showed abnormal blood flow through the reconstructed vessel. There were no local recurrences on the pulmonary artery. In conclusion, the technique for blocking the pulmonary artery and veins is feasible and safe in VATS and reduces the risk of abrupt intraoperative bleeding and the chance of converting to open thoracotomy, and extends the indications of VATS lobectomy.

Controlled WS_(2) crystallinity effectively dominating sodium storage performance

WS2 exhibits tremendous potentials for Na-ions storage owing to high capacity(433 mAh g^(-1)). Nevertheless, WS2 layered structure is often exfoliated with rapid capacity decay and sluggish reaction kinetics.In this work, WS2 nanosheets with different crystallinities are controlled by different synthesis methods.The high crystallinity WS2 exhibits high degree of interlayer order and strong interlayer force. It exhibits superior electrochemical properties, at the current density of 200 mA g^(-1) after 300 cycles with reversible capacity of 471 mAh g^(-1). Even at 5.0 A g^(-1), the capacities can still arrive at 240 mAh g^(-1) after 250 cycles, exhibiting stable cycling performance. Further electrochemical research finds that the high degree of interlayer order of layered WS2 structure can perform highly conducive Na+insertion/extraction with greatly improved contribution of intercalation capacity. Moreover, the strong interlayer force can effectively restrain the exfoliating of the WS2 nanosheets, guaranteeing the stability of the structure. Combining the above result reveals that controlling the order and force of the interlayer is an effective way to enhance the electrochemical properties of WS2 as SIBs anode materials. This work can provide new insight for inhibiting the exfoliation of layered compounds to pursue excellent electrochemical performance in Na-ion storage systems.

Activation of urchin-like Ni-doped W_(18)O_(49)/NF by electrochemical tuning for efficient water splitting

The electrochemical conversion is closely correlated with the electrocatalytic activities of the electrocatalyst.Herein,the urchin-like Ni-doped W_(18)O_(49)/NF with enriched active sites was prepared by solvothermal method followed by a low-temperature pyrolysis treatment was reported.Results demonstrate that the incorporation of Ni-doping triggers the lattice distortion of W_(18)O_(49) for the increasement of oxygen defects.Further,high-valent W^(6+)are partially reduced to low-valent W^(4+),wherein the electrons originate from the oxidation process of Ni^(2+)to Ni^(3+).The Ni^(3+)ions show an enhanced orbital overlap with the OER reaction intermediates.The generated W^(4+)ions contribute to release oxygen vacancies,eventually reorganizing Ni-doped W_(18)O_(49)/NF to unique electrochemical active species with a special amorphous-crystalline interface(AM/NiWO_x/NiOOH/NF).Simultaneously,the reconstruction results in an optimized valence band and conduction band.Eventually,the resultant AM/NiWO_x/NiOOH/NF with abundant active sites and improved oxidation/reduction capability exhibits more superior catalytic performance compared with the Ni-doped W_(18)O_(49)/NF counterpart.This study gives more insights in the electrochemical evolution of the tungsten-based oxide and provides effective strategies for optimizing the catalytic activity of materials with inherent hydrogen evolution reaction limitations.

Interactions of variants in the CACNA1C gene with smoking on blood pressure responses to potassium intervention:the GenSalt Study

Objective Calcium Voltage-Gated Channel Subunit Alpha1 C(CACNA1C)gene encodes an alpha-1 subunit of a voltage-dependent calcium channel.This subunit forms the pore through which calcium ions pass into the cell and plays an important role in regulating blood pressure.Smoking habit has been proven become the risk factor of hypertension.This study aimed to investigate the interaction of variants in CACNA1C gene with smoke in blood pressure(BP)responses to dietary sodium and potassium intervention.

Bound states in the continuum on perfect conducting reflection gratings

Bound states can be supported on the surface of a periodically corrugated perfect conductor known as spoof surface plasmon polaritons with their dispersion curves reside below the light line.Here we show that bound states in the continuum(BICs)can also be achieved in such systems.Two types of grating structures are proposed to suppress the radiation leakage and hence generate bound states.The first one is a simple grating with broad grooves in which multiple cavity modes are accommodated.Due to the symmetry incompatibility and the destructive interaction mainly from the TM_(0)and TM_(1)modes,BICs at theΓpoint and at off-Γpoints are both realized.The second one is a dimerized grating with two grooves in each unit cell.The destructive interaction between the modes in the two grooves can suppresses the radiation and BICs at theΓpoint are observed.The Q factors of the whole bands can be further tuned by the dimerization strength effectively.This work may offer new opportunity for the applications of metallic grating in the low frequency bands.

The current status of morning blood pressure control and associated risk factors among treated hypertension patients

Objective To explore the current status of morning blood pressure control and associated risk factors among treated hypertensives,and toprovide useful information for morning blood pressure control.Methods We consecutively enrolled a total of 1307 treated hypertensive patients from Fuwai Hospital during May 2014 to September 2017.

Molecular Cloning and Sequence Analysis of C4H Gene of Mangifera indica L.

Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase( C4H) is a key enzyme in phenylpropanoid pathway in plants. Its activity and abundance directly affect the biosynthesis of flavonoids and aromatic compounds. In this study,degenerate primers were designed according to previously reported C4 H gene sequences to clone C4H cDNA sequence with 3'and 5'RACE-PCR from mango( Mangifera indica L). The full-length cD NA of M. indica C4H is 1 680 bp long. Its open reading frame( ORF)is 1 518 bp,encoding a protein of 505 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 58. 08 kDa. The isoelectric point of the predicted protein is 9. 52. Functional prediction showed that this gene is mainly located in mitochondria. In addition,the tertiary structure of the protein was built using SWISS-MODEL,and the results showed that the protein has three possible conformations. Phylogenetic analysis based on C4H protein sequences revealed that M. indica has a close genetic relationship with olive( Canarium album) and cocoa( Theobroma cacao). By analyzing the expression level of C4H gene in three colored mango cultivars,we found that that the expression level of C4 H gene in Guifei( with red peel) was the highest,and that in Guiqi( with green peel) was the lowest. The results provide a theoretical basis for studying the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis and C4H's impact on the color of mango fruit.