Non-flammable long chain phosphate ester based electrolyte via competitive solventized structures for high-performance lithium metal batteries

Safety remains a persistent challenge for high-energy-density lithium metal batteries(LMBs).The development of safe and non-flammable electrolytes is especially important in harsh conditions such as high temperatures.Herein,a flame-retardant,low-cost and thermally stable long chain phosphate ester based(tributyl phosphate,TBP)electrolyte is reported,which can effectively enhance the cycling stability of highly loaded high-nickel LMBs with high safety through co-solvation strategy.The interfacial compatibility between TBP and electrode is effectively improved using a short-chain ether(glycol dimethyl ether,DME),and a specially competitive solvation structure is further constructed using lithium borate difluorooxalate(LiDFOB)to form the stable and inorganic-rich electrode interphases.Benefiting from the presence of the cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)enriched with LiF and Li_(x)PO_(y)F_(z),the electrolyte demonstrates excellent cycling stability assembled using a 50μm lithium foil anode in combination with a high loading NMC811(15.4 mg cm^(-2))cathode,with 88%capacity retention after 120 cycles.Furthermore,the electrolyte exhibits excellent high-temperature characteristics when used in a 1-Ah pouch cell(N/P=0.26),and higher thermal runaway temperature(238℃)in the ARC(accelerating rate calorimeter)demonstrating high safety.This novel electrolyte adopts long-chain phosphate as the main solvent for the first time,and would provide a new idea for the development of extremely high safety and high-temperature electrolytes.

Unraveling high efficiency multi-step sodium storage and bidirectional redox kinetics synergy mechanism of cobalt-doping vanadium disulfide anode

Sodium-based storage devices based on conversion-type metal sulfide anodes have attracted great atten-tion due to their multivalent ion redox reaction ability.However,they also suffer from sodium polysul-fides(NaPSs)shuttling problems during the sluggish Na^(+) redox process,leading to"voltage failure"and rapid capacity decay.Herein,a metal cobalt-doping vanadium disulfide(Co-VS_(2))is proposed to simulta-neously accelerate the electrochemical reaction of VS_(2) and enhance the bidirectional redox of soluble NaPSs.It is found that the strong adsorption of NaPSs by V-Co alloy nanoparticles formed in situ during the conversion reaction of Co-VS_(2) can effectively inhibit the dissolution and shuttle of NaPSs,and ther-modynamically reduce the formation energy barrier of the reaction path to effectively drive the complete conversion reaction,while the metal transition of Co elements enhances reconversion kinetics to achieve high reversibility.Moreover,Co-VS_(2) also produce abundant sulfur vacancies and unsaturated sulfur edge defects,significantly improve ionic/electron diffusion kinetics.Therefore,the Co-VS_(2) anode exhibits ultrahigh rate capability(562 mA h g^(-1) at 5 A g^(-1)),high initial coulombic efficiency(~90%)and 12,000 ultralong cycle life with capacity retention of 90%in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),as well as impressive energy/power density(118 Wh kg^(-1)/31,250 W kg^(-1))and over 10.000 stable cycles in sodium-ion hybrid capacitors(SIHCs).Moreover,the pouch cell-type SIHC displays a high-energy density of 102 Wh kg^(-1) and exceed 600 stable cycles.This work deepens the understanding of the electrochemical reaction mechanism of conversion-type metal sulfide anodes and provides a valuable solution to the shuttlingofNaPSs inSIBsandSIHCs.

石墨烯气凝胶阻燃涤纶织物的构建及性能

为提高涤纶(PET)织物的阻燃性能,以水热还原自组装的方法制备石墨烯气凝胶(GA)阻燃PET织物。采用扫描电镜对GA的微观形貌进行分析,并对构建工艺参数进行探讨以优化其结构。通过极限氧指数(LOI)、锥形量热仪等方法分析GA的结构对PET织物阻燃性能的影响。研究结果表明,GA/PET织物的最佳制备工艺条件为氧化石墨烯(GO)浓度为5 mg/mL、GO与抗坏血酸的质量比为1:6、还原温度为100℃;当GA含量为26.3%时,GA/PET织物的LOI值高达32.1%,达到难燃材料的级别,且具有良好的抑烟效果,可作为一种新型碳材料应用于阻燃织物领域。

Abnormal white matter microstructure in Parkinson's disease revealed by diffusion tensor imaging A non-randomized concurrent control observation

BACKGROUND： Imaging has been used to determine gray matter volume and metabolism in subjects with depressed Parkinson＇s disease （DPD）. OBJECTIVE： To reveal abnormalities in orbitofrontal white matter and the anterior cingulate bundle in depressed and non-depressed Parkinson＇s disease （NDPD） patients using diffusion tensor imaging. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A non-randomized, concurrent, control, neuroimaging study was performed at the Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Center of Neuroimage, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from July 2008 to January 2009. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 30 Parkinson＇s disease patients, including 14 males and 16 females, were included in the present study. All patients met Brain Bank criteria for idiopathic Parkinson＇s disease formulated by the United Kingdom Parkinson＇s Disease Society. Patients, who underwent previous head surgery, exhibited abnormal density on T2-weighted images, or Mini-Mental State Examination scores 〈 corresponding education level, were excluded from the study. METHODS： All 35 patients underwent MRI scans, including traditional T2-weighted and DTI scans. The patients were assigned to DPD （n = 16） and NDPD （n = 14） groups according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV （DSM-IV） criteria. The fractional anisotropy values of regions of interest were compared between the NDPD and DPD groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Abnormalities in the orbitofrontal white matter and anterior cingulate bundle. RESULTS： Compared with the NDPD group, the DPD group exhibited significantly lower fractional anisotropy values in orbitofrontal white matter and anterior cingulate bundle （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Microstructure abnormalities existed in the orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate regions in DPD patients. This is the first report of abnormalities in the orbitofrontal white matter region in DPD patients.

基于HVPG分层的门脉高压内镜治疗中远期疗效研究

目的探讨基于HVPG分层,采取内镜下治疗预防肝硬化静脉曲张患者再出血的中远期疗效。方法收集符合入组条件的静脉曲张出血患者,记录经急诊止血治疗后早期再出血的情况,按照HVPG水平将患者分为三组,分别给予不同的二级预防治疗:(1)低HVPG组:HVPG≤16 mmHg,给予内镜下套扎治疗(endoscopic variceal ligation,EVL);(2)中HVPG组:16 mmHg<HVPG≤20 mmHg,给予部分脾动脉栓塞术(partial splenic embolization,PSE)联合EVL治疗;(3)高HVPG组:HVPG>20 mmHg,行经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt,TIPS)治疗联合EVL治疗。随访期间所有患者均口服非选择性β受体阻滞剂治疗,随访记录各组患者远期再出血和死亡情况。结果共入组67例患者(低HVPG组22例,中HVPG组27例,高HVPG组18例)。7例出现早期再出血,其中3例患者HVPG测压值大于12 mmHg,小于等于16 mmHg,4例患者HVPG测压值大于20 mmHg,多因素回归分析显示HVPG值和总胆红素水平是早期再出血的独立危险因素。平均随访时间20.94个月,随访期间共有12例出现远期再出血,低HVPG组,中HVPG组以及高HVPG组2年维持无再出血率分别为86.4%vs.77.4%vs.83.3%,高、中HVPG组分别与低HVPG组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对肝硬化静脉曲张出血的患者,通过基于HVPG压力梯度进行危险分层,采用不同二级预防策略,可以使高HVPG和中HVPG组获得与低HVPG组类似的长期再出血预防效果,即在此治疗模式的指导下,选择EVL联合PSE、TIPS等治疗方式可有效预防静脉曲张再出血。

Moiré superlattice effects on interfacial mechanical behavior:A concise review

The moirésuperlattice,arising from the interface of mismatched single crystals,intricately regulates the physical and mechanical properties of materials,giving rise to phenomena such as superconductivity and superlubricity.This study delves into the profound impact of moirésuperlattices on the interfacial mechanical behavior of van der Waals(vdW)layered materials,with a particular focus on tribological properties.A comprehensive review of continuum modeling approaches for vdW layered materials is presented,accentuating the incorporation of moirésuperlattice effects in theoretical models to unravel their distinctive interfacial frictional behavior and thermodynamic properties.The exploration of moirésuperlattices has significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of interface phenomena in vdW layered materials.This progress provides crucial theoretical insights that can inform the design of multifunctional devices based on the unique properties of twisted layered materials.

One-year status of hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement from 85 hospitals in China

Aims:Surveys and research on the applications of the hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG)are important for understanding the current status and future development of this technology in China.This article aimed to investigate the status of hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement in China in 2022.Methods:We investigated the overall status of HVPG technology in China-including hospital distribution,hospital level,annual number of cases,catheters used,average cost,indications,and current challenges by using online questionnaire.By counting the number and percentages of cases of these results,we hope to clarify the current status of HVPG measurements in China.Results:According to the survey,85 hospitals in China used HVPG technology in 2022 distributed across 29 provinces.A total of 4989 HVPG measurements were performed in all of the surveyed hospitals in 2022,of which 2813 cases(56.4%)were measured alone.The average cost of HVPG measurement was 5646.8±2327.9 CNY.Of the clinical teams who performed the measurements(sometimes multiple per hospital),94.3%(82/87)used the balloon method,and the majority of the teams(72.4%,63/87)used embolectomy catheters.Conclusions:This survey clarified the clinical application status of HVPG in China and confirmed that some medical institutions in China have established a foundation for this technology.It is still necessary to continue promoting and popularizing this technology in the future.

POLAR伽马暴瞬时辐射偏振测量与脉冲星导航试验研究进展

伽马射线暴(简称伽马暴,gamma-ray burst,GRB)从发现至今已超过半个世纪,其观测样本得到了极大提高,理论研究也取得了瞩目的成果.但对伽马暴的研究还有诸多未解之谜,例如伽马暴的分类和起源、爆发过程中的喷流成分、辐射机制和磁场构型等.其中,对于伽马暴的辐射机制,科学家提出了多种理论模型,不同的模型对于伽马暴爆发期间产生的伽马射线偏振状态的预测不同.因此,采用测量偏振的方法,可以对伽马暴的爆发机制进行研究,并且理解产生伽马射线的极端相对论喷流的结构及其磁场的构型等物理问题.然而,测量伽马暴瞬时辐射过程中的偏振具有极高的挑战性.伽马暴偏振探测仪(POLAR)是一台专门用于高精度测量伽马暴瞬时辐射偏振的空间望远镜,2016年9月15日搭载于我国的空间实验室“天宫二号”成功发射.POLAR在轨共探测到55个确认的伽马暴,首批给出了5个伽马暴的高精度偏振测量结果,最终统计性地给出了14个伽马暴的偏振测量结果.同时,POLAR还观测到了Crab脉冲星信号和太阳X射线耀发事件等.本文简要介绍POLAR,并给出其在轨伽马暴偏振测量结果以及利用观测到的脉冲星信号所开展的导航试验研究进展情况.此外,简要介绍POLAR的后续实验项目POLAR-2,对其未来的科学探测能力进行展望.

OS1 functions in the allocation of nutrients between the endosperm and embryo in maize seeds

Uncovering the genetic basis of seed develop-ment will provide useful tools for improving both crop yield and nutritional value, However, the genetic regulatory networks of maize (Zea mays) seed development remain largely unknown. The maize opaque endosperm and small germ 1 (osl) mutant has opaque endosperm and a small embryo,Here, we cloned OSi1 and show that it encodes a putative transcription factor containing an RWP-RK domain-Transcriptional analysis indicated that OSi1 expression is elevated in early endosperm development, especially in the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL), conducting zone (CZ), and central starch endospcrm (CSE) cells. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of the osi mutant revealed sharp downregulation of certain genes in specific cell types, including ZmMRP-1 and Megl in BETL cells and a majority of zein-and starch-related genes in CSE cells. Using a haploid induction system, we show that wild-type endosperm could rescue the smaller size of osi embryo, which suggests that nutrients are allocated by tho wild type endosperm. Therefore, our dsta imply that the network regulated by 051 accomplishes a key step in nutrient allocation between endosperm and embryo within maize seeds. Identification of this network will help uncover the mechanisms regulating the nutritional balance between endosperm and embryo.

Effect of impeller design on homogeneity, size and strength of pharmaceutical granules produced by high-shear wet granulation

Small mixer impeller design is not tailored for granulation because impellers are intended for a wide range of processes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the performances of several impellers to provide guidance on the selection and design for the purposes of granulation. Lactose granules were produced using wet granulation with water as a binder. A Kenwood KM070 mixer was used as a standard apparatus and five impeller designs with different shapes and surface areas were used. The efficacy of granulate for- mation was measured by adding an optically sensitive tracer to determine variations in active ingredient content across random samples of granules from the same size classes. It was found that impeller design influenced the homogeneity of the granules and therefore can affect final product performance. The vari- ation in active ingredient content across granules of differing size was also investigated. The results show that small granules were more potent than larger granules,

Cold chain and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission:a review for challenges and coping strategies

Since June 2020,the re-emergence of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemics in parts of China was linked to the cold chain,which attracted extensive attention and heated discussions from the public.According to the typical characteristics of these epidemics,we speculated a possible route of transmission from cold chain to human.A series of factors in the supply chain contributed to the epidemics if the cold chain were contaminated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),such as temperature,humidity,personal hygiene/protection,and disinfection.The workers who worked in the cold chain at the receiving end faced a higher risk of being infected when they were not well protected.Facing the difficult situation,China put forward targeted and powerful countermeasures to block the cold chain-related risk.However,in the context of the unstable pandemic situation globally,the risk of the cold chain needs to be recognized and evaluated seriously.Hence,in this review,we reviewed the cold chain-related epidemics in China,analyzed the possible mechanisms,introduced the Chinese experience,and suggested coping strategies for the global epidemic prevention and control.