Microfluidic reactor with immobilized enzyme-from construction to applications:A review

Microfluidic,as the systems for using microchannel(micron-or sub-micron scale)to process or manipulate microflow,is being widely applied in enzyme biotechnology and biocatalysis.Microfluidic immobilized enzyme reactor(MIER)is a tool with great value for the study of catalytic property and optimal reaction parameter in a flourishing and highly producing manner.In view of its advantages in efficiency,economy,and addressable recognition especially,MIER occupies an important position in the investigation of life science,including molecular biology,bioanalysis and biosensing,biocatalysis etc.Immobilization of enzymes can generally improve their stability,and upon most occasions,the immobilized enzyme is endowed with recyclability.In this review,the enzyme immobilization techniques applied in MIER will be discussed,followed by summarizing the novel developments in the field of MIER for biocatalysis,bioconversion and bioanalysis.The preponderances and deficiencies of the current state-of-the-art preparation ways of MIER are peculiarly discussed.In addition,the prospects of its future study are outlined.

Immobilization of trophic anaerobic acetogen for semi-continuous syngas fermentation

The massive consumption of fossil energy force s people to find new source s of energy.Syngas fermentation has become a hot research field as its high potential in renewable energy production and sustainable development.In this study,trophic anaerobic acetogen Morella thermoacetica was successfully immobilized by calcium alginate embedding method.The ability of the immobilized cells on production of acetic acid through syngas fermentation was compared in both airlift and bubble column bioreactors.The bubble column bioreactor was selected as the better type of bioreactor.The production of acetic acid reached 32.3 g·L^(-1) in bubble column bioreactor with a space-time yield of 2.13 g·L^(-1)·d^(-1).The immobilized acetogen could be efficiently reused without significant lag period,even if exposed to air for a short time.A semi-continuous syngas fermentation was performed using immobilized cells,with an average space-time acetic acid yield of 3.20 g·L^(-1)·d^(-1).After 30 days of fermentation,no significant decrea se of the acetic acid production rate was observed.

Asymmetric bioreduction of γ- and δ-keto acids by native carbonyl reductases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Optically pure(R)-γ-and(R)-δ-lactones can be prepared by intramolecular cyclization of chiral hydroxy acids/esters reduced asymmetrically from γ-and δ-keto acids/esters using Saccharomyces cerevisiae(S.cerevisiae) as a whole-cell biocatalyst.However,some of the enzymes catalyzing these reactions in S.cerevisiae are still unknown up to date.In this report,two carbonyl reductases,OdCRl and OdCR2,were successfully discovered,and cloned from S.cerevisiae using a genome-mining approach,and overexpressed in Escherichia coli(E.coli).Compared with OdCR1,OdCR2 can reduce 4-oxodecanoic acid and 5-oxodecanoic acid asymmetrically with higher stereoselectivity,generating(R)-γ-decalactone(99% ee) and(R)-δ-decalactone(98% ee) in 85% and 92%yields,respectively.This is the first report of native enzymes from S.cerevisiae for the enzymatic synthesis of chiral γ-and δ-lactones which is of wide uses in food and cosmetic industries.

新型扁桃酸消旋酶的基因挖掘和性能表征

消旋酶是实现手性化合物去消旋化制备光学纯化学品的重要工具,来源于恶臭假单胞菌的扁桃酸消旋酶(MR),是目前唯一可以催化两种构型扁桃酸互相转换的消旋酶。通过基因组数据挖掘获得了9个新的扁桃酸消旋酶基因及活性蛋白,其中来源于放射性土壤杆菌Agrobacterium radiobacter的Ar MR酶对扁桃酸和邻氯扁桃酸具有较高的催化活力,而且该酶的异源表达水平也较理想。ArMR催化扁桃酸消旋反应的最适温度为50℃,最适pH为7.8。该酶在30℃、40℃和50℃下的半衰期分别为70.7、7.2、0.17 h。ArMR对(R)-和(S)-扁桃酸的K_M值分别为1.44 mmol/L和0.81 mmol/L,k_(cat)值分别为410 s^(–1)和218 s^(–1);对(R)-和(S)-邻氯扁桃酸的KM值分别为6.48 mmol/L和6.37 mmol/L,而k_(cat)值为0.22 s^(–1)和0.23 s^(–1)。Mg^(2+)和Mn^(2+)对该酶的活力有促进作用,而Zn^(2+)使其完全失活。新型扁桃酸消旋酶的发现和表征为今后此类酶的深入研究和开发提供了更多资源和数据参考。

Multifunctional biocatalysis:An unusual imine reductase

A multifunctional biocatalyst EneIRED capable of catalyzing amine-activated conjugate alkene reduction and subsequent reductive amination was discovered.The enzyme realized the coupling ofα,β-unsaturated carbonyls with amines to efficiently synthesize a broad set of chiral amine diastereomers based on its unusual active site structure and catalytic mechanism.