Characteristics of oceanic mesoscale variabilities associated with the inverse kinetic energy cascade

Oceanic geostrophic turbulence theory predicts significant inverse kinetic energy (KE) cascades at scales larger than the energy injection wavelength. However,the characteristics of the mesoscale variabilities associated with the inverse KE cascade in the real oceans have not been clear enough up to now. To further examine this problem,we analyzed the spectral characteristics of the oceanic mesoscale motions over the scales of inverse KE cascades based on high-resolution gridded altimeter data. The applicability of the quasigeostrophic (QG) turbulence theory and the surface quasigeostrophic (SQG) turbulence theory in real oceans is further explored. The results show that the sea surface height (SSH) spectral slope is linearly related to the eddy-kinetic-energy (EKE) level with a high correlation coefficient value of 0.67. The findings also suggest that the QG turbulence theory is an appropriate dynamic framework at the edge of high-EKE regions and that the SQG theory is more suitable in tropical regions and low-EKE regions at mid-high latitudes. New anisotropic characteristics of the inverse KE cascade are also provided. These results indicate that the along-track spectrum used by previous studies cannot reveal the dynamics of the mesoscale variabilities well.

Sun-tracking Multi-layer Stereo-cultivation System Improves Canopy Light of Strawberry

In order to efficiently solve the shading problem between the upper layer and lower layer in the same cultivation system and between adjacent cultivation systems in multi-layer stereo-cultivation of strawberry,and to improve the fixed A-frame system,a novel cultivation system-sun-tracking system was developed that could keep north-south line of cultivation frame parallel to sunray to make the best use of direct light.In this study,crop canopy light condition of sun-tracking and fixed systems were tested and compared.Results showed that integrated PPF of sun-tracking system is higher than that of fixed system in both middle and lower layers.On sunny day compared with fixed system,integrated PPF on middle and lower layer of suntracking system increased by 16.0%,9.1% in January and 19.6%,4.1% in February,while on cloudy day improvement on light condition of sun-tracking system is not evident as sunny days.Thus sun-tracking system can effectively alleviate shading problem between layers and improve plant canopy light environment.

Spatio-temporal Heterogeneity in the Performance of Rural Revitalization in Chifeng City of China:Based on a Range-wide EBM-GML Model

To solve the problems of rural revitalization performance research,a quantitative model of non-oriented range-wide EBM(Epsilon-Based Measure)-GML(Global-Malmquist)based on VRS(Variable Returns to Scale)conditions including non-desired outputs is constructed.A comprehensive spatio-temporal heterogeneity research index system of rural revitalization performance is also constructed.Taking the typical rural in Chifeng City as an example,the panel data from 2016-2020 are selected for empirical analysis,the conclusions and countermeasures are suggested as follows:1)In general,the rural revitalization performance of Chifeng City increases significantly during the five-year period,with significant spatio-temporal heterogeneity.The overall analysis shows that the overall performance value of rural revitalization in Chifeng City is 0.683 from 2016 to 2020.The highest performance value is 1 and the lowest performance value is 0.389.The performance growth rate increases year by year,with an average annual growth rate of 4.46%.2)From 2016 to 2020,the GML index of rural revitalization performance in Chifeng City is 1.174,showing an increasing trend.Based on the range of change of GML index,Chifeng City can be classified into three types:Continuous improvement,fluctuating improvement and fluctuating decline.3)Niujiayingzi,Guandongche,Zhaidamu,and Qiangangtai rural have the highest degree of technological progress.

基于普通器件实现快1000倍的相机与机器视觉

在数码相机中,我们发现了一个重大缺陷,即从胶片相机继承的图像和视频模型阻碍了相机捕捉快速变化的光子世界。我们提出了一种新的视觉形式,称为视象(vform),这是一个比特序列阵列,其中每个比特表示光子的累积是否达到了一个阈值,从而可以记录和重建任何时刻场景的光强。仅使用消费级CMOS传感器和集成电路,开发了一种比传统相机快1000倍的脉冲相机。将视象看作生物视觉中的脉冲序列,进一步开发了基于脉冲神经网络的机器视觉系统,它可以将机器的速度和生物视觉的机理结合起来,从而实现了比人类视觉快1000倍的高速目标检测和跟踪,并通过辅助裁判和目标瞄准系统证明了脉冲相机和超级视觉系统的效用。视象模型和芯片有望从根本上改变图像和视频的概念以及摄影、电影和视觉媒体等相关行业,并开启一个全新的基于脉冲神经网络的速度自由的机器视觉时代。

Hydrogen sulfide inhibits ethylene-induced petiole abscission in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Abscission is a dynamic physiological process that is ubiquitous in plants and can also be an essential agronomic trait in crops,thus attracting attention from plant growers and breeders.In general,the process of plant organ abscission can be divided into four steps,among which the step to obtain the competence to respond to abscission signals(step 2)is the most complex;however,the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains unclear.In this study,we found that hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)inhibited the abscission of the tomato petiole in a dose-dependent manner,and the abscission of the petiole was accelerated when an H_(2)S scavenger was applied.Further enzymatic activity and gene expression analyses showed that H_(2)S suppressed the activity of enzymes capable of modifying the cell wall by inhibiting the usual upregulation of the transcription of the corresponding genes during the abscission process but not by affecting the activities of these enzymes by direct posttranslational modification.H_(2)S treatment upregulated the expression levels of SlIAA3 and SlIAA4 but downregulated the transcription of ILR-L3 and ILR-L4 in the earlier stages of the abscission process,indicating that H_(2)S probably functioned in the second step of the abscission process by preventing the abscission zone cells from obtaining the competence to respond to abscission signals by modulating the content of the bioactive-free auxin in these cells.Moreover,similar H_(2)S inhibitory effects were also demonstrated in the process of floral organ abscission and anther dehiscence in other plant species,suggesting a ubiquitous role for H_(2)S in cell separation processes.

减数分裂联会复合体异常与不孕不育相关性研究进展

减数分裂是由二倍体的生殖细胞产生单倍体的配子的过程,是有性生殖的核心。联会复合体是同源染色体之间形成的超分子结构,具有稳定同源染色体配对、促进遗传交叉形成等功能。越来越多的研究表明联会复合体异常是造成人类不孕不育的重要原因之一。本文主要综述了联会复合体中央区域异常(如SYCE1/2/3、TEX12、SIX6OS1、SYCP1突变)及侧向元件缺陷(如SYCP2、SYCP3突变)与不孕不育的相关性研究,以期为深入理解减数分裂错误导致生殖健康问题的病理机制提供理论参考。

Effect of structured education program on physiological and psychosocial outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients:A randomized controlled trial

Objective:This study was conducted to compare the effect of structured education program versus traditional diabetes education on insulin injection technique as well as physiologically and psychosocially related outcomes in adults with Type 2 diabetes.Materials and Methods:This study was a randomized controlled trial.Totally,71 Type 2 diabetes patients of using the insulin pen were enrolled and randomly divided into the intervention group(n=36)and the control group(n=35)according to random number table method.Patients in the intervention group received structured education program,while patients in the control group received traditional diabetes education.The levels of glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),blood glucose,and lipids were monitored before and 3 months after intervention,and the insulin injection techniques,diabetes distress,and diabetes self-management skills between groups were assessed after 3 months.Results:Finally,65 participants(intervention group:n=33,control group:n=32)finished the study.After the intervention,HbA1c was lower(7.42±0.80 vs.8.35±1.40,P=0.002),fasting blood glucose(FBG)was lower(7.27±1.06 vs.9.40±3.16,P<0.001),and postprandial blood glucose(PBG)was lower(10.33±2.20 vs.12.77±4.94,P=0.012)in the intervention group than in the control group.No statistically significance was identified between the two groups in scores of Diabetes Distress Scale and summary of diabetes self-care activities.Conclusion:Patients with Type 2 diabetes received structured education program,with greater improvements achieved in HbA1c,FBG,PBG,and measures about insulin injection techniques compared to the traditional education group,but there was no significant difference in diabetes distress or self-management behavior between groups.

Supramolecular Nanohelix Fabricated by Pillararene-Based Host–Guest System for Chirality Amplification, Transfer, and Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Water

Amplified chirality and Förster resonance energy transfer(FRET)-assisted chirality transfer frommolecular to nanoscale level have been shown to play a vital role in co-assembled nanohelix for potential energy transfer in biological systems.Herein,we have constructed a chiral host–guest complex donor system for chiral amplification via induced chirality of pillar[5]arene host and loaded it with an achiral dye acceptor to demonstrate how chirality-assisted excitation energy transfer occurred in the supramolecular nanohelix system in an aqueous medium.

On abelian 2-ramification torsion modules of quadratic fields

For a number field F and a prime number p, the Z_(p)-torsion module of the Galois group of the maximal abelian pro-p extension of F unramified outside p over F, denoted by T_(p)(F), is an important subject in the abelian p-ramification theory. In this paper, we study the group T_(2)(F) = T_(2)(m) of the quadratic field F = Q(m_(1/2)). Firstly, assuming m > 0, we prove an explicit 4-rank formula for quadratic fields that rk4(T_(2)(-m))= rk2(T_(2)(-m))-rank(R), where R is a certain explicitly described Rédei matrix over F_(2). Furthermore, using this formula, we obtain the 4-rank density formula of T_(2)-groups of imaginary quadratic fields. Secondly, for l an odd prime, we obtain the results about the 2-power divisibility of orders of T_(2)(±l) and T_(2)(±2l), both of which are cyclic 2-groups. In particular, we find that #T_(2)(l) ≡ 2#T_(2)(2l) ≡ h_(2)(-2l)(mod 16) if l ≡ 7(mod 8),where h_(2)(-2l) is the 2-class number of Q((-2l)_(1/2)). We then obtain the density results for T_(2)(±l) and T_(2)(±2l)when the orders are small. Finally, based on our density results and numerical data, we propose distribution conjectures about T_(p)(F) when F varies over real or imaginary quadratic fields for any prime p, and about T_(2)(±l)and T_(2)(±2l) when l varies, in the spirit of Cohen-Lenstra heuristics. Our conjecture in the T_(2)(l) case is closely connected to Shanks-Sime-Washington’s speculation on the distributions of the zeros of 2-adic L-functions and to the distributions of the fundamental units.

Continuous-flow synthesis of polysubstituted γ-butyrolactones via enzymatic cascade catalysis

Polysubstituted chiral γ-butyrolactones are the core structural units of many natural products and high value-added flavors and fragrances used in the food and cosmetic industry. Current enzymatic cascade synthesis of these molecules faces the problems of low enzyme activity and phase separation in batch reaction, resulting in low productivity. Herein, we report a new continuous-flow process to synthesize the optically pure Nicotiana tabacum lactone(3S,4S)-4a and whisky lactone(3R,4S)-4b from α,β-unsaturatedγ-ketoesters. A new ene reductase(ER) from Swingsia samuiensi(Ss ER) and a carbonyl reductase(Ss CR)were engineered by directed evolution to improve their activity and thermostability. The continuous-flow preparative reactions were performed in two 3D microfluidic reactors, generating(3S,4S)-4a(99% ee and87% de) and(3R,4S)-4b(99% ee and 98% de) with space-time yields 3 and 7.4 times higher than those of the batch reactions. The significant enhancement in the productivity of enzyme cascade catalysis brought by cutting-edge continuous microfluidic technology will benefit the general multi-enzyme catalytic systems in the future.

Hilbert类多项式在素域F_(p)上的分解

设D为模4余0或1的负整数,令O=O_(D)为虚二次域K=q(√D)中判别式等于D的序.熟知Hilbert类多项式HD(x)是O的j不变量j_(D)=j(C/O)在K上的最小多项式.令n_(D)=(O_(Q(j_(D))):Z[j_(D)])表示Z[j_(D)]在Q(j_(D))的整数环O_(Q(j_(D)))中的指数.设p为任意素数.如果p|n_(D),或者者p|D在K中惯性且n_(D)的p-进离散赋值v_(p)(n_(D))≤3,则本文完全确定了H_(D)(x)在多项式环F_(p)[x]中的因式分解.

Large-Scale CRISPR Screen of LDLR Pathogenic Variants

Familial hypercholesterolemia(FH)is a frequently occurring genetic disorder that is linked to early-onset cardiovascular disease.If left untreated,patients with this condition can develop severe cardiovascular complications.Unfortunately,many patients remain undiagnosed,and even when diagnosed,the treatment is often not optimal.Although mutations in the LDLR gene are the primary cause of FH,predicting whether novel variants are pathogenic is not a straightforward task.Understanding the functionality of LDLR variants is crucial in uncovering the genetic basis of FH.Our study utilized CRISPR/Cas9 cytosine base editors in pooled screens to establish a novel approach for functionally assessing tens of thousands of LDLR variants on a large scale.A total of more than 100 single guide RNAs(sgRNAs)targeting LDLR pathogenic mutations were successfully screened with relatively high accuracy.Out of these,5 sgRNAs were further subjected to functional verification studies,including 1 in the promoter,1 in the antisense RNA,1 in the exon,and 2 in the intron.Except for the variant caused by the sgRNA located at intron 16,the functionalities of the other LDLR variants were all downregulated.The high similarity of LDLR intron sequences may lead to some false positives.Overall,these results confirm the reliability of the large-scale screening strategy for functional analysis of LDLR variants,and the screened candidate pathogenic mutations could be used as an auxiliary means of clinical gene detection to prevent FH-induced heart disease.

A Review on Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Development in the UK

This paper focuses on the development of electric vehicle(EV)charging infrastructure in the UK,which is a vital part of the delivering ultra-low-emission vehicle(ULEV)and will transition into low emission energy systems in the near future.Following a brief introduction to global landscape of EV and its infrastructure,this paper presents the EV development in the UK.It then unveils the government policy in recent years,charging equipment protocols or standards,and existing EV charging facilities.Circuit topologies of charging infrastructure are reviewed.Next,three important factors to be considered in a typical site,i.e.,design,location and cost,are discussed in detail.Furthermore,the management and operation of charging infrastructure including different types of business models are summarized.Last but not least,challenges and future trends are discussed.

Aggregator Service for PV and Battery Energy Storage Systems of Residential Building

Distributed energy resources(DERs),including photovoltaic(PV)systems,small wind turbines,and energy storage systems(ESSs)are being increasingly installed in many residential units and the industry sector at large.DER installations in apartment buildings,however,pose a more complex issue particularly in the context of property ownership and the distribution of DR benefits.In this paper,a novel aggregator service is proposed to provide centralized management services for residents and DER asset owners in apartment buildings.The proposed service consists of a business model for billing and benefits distribution,and a model predictive control(MPC)control algorithm for managing and optimizing DER operations.Both physical and communication structures are proposed to ensure the implementation of such aggregator services for buildings.Three billing tariffs,i.e.,flat rate,time-of-use(TOU),and real time pricing(RTP)are compared by way of case studies.The results indicate that the proposed aggregator service is compatible with the business model.It is shown to offer good performance in load shifting,bill savings,and energy trading of DERs.Overall,the aggregator service is expected to provide benefits in reducing the pay back periods of the investment.

Abel p-分歧扭子群和新Cohen-Lenstra猜想

本文首先回顾数域K的Abel p-分歧理论特别是其T_(p)-群,并给出一般Cohen-Lenstra猜想的架构.对于全体实(虚)二次域及其几类子族,本文提出T_(p)(K)的分布满足新的Cohen-Lenstra猜想.后者解释了Shanks等(1999)对于2-进L函数特殊值的分布猜测,并给出基本单位迹的分布猜想.本文给出理论结果和计算数据来支持这些猜想.

Load Prediction Methods Using Machine Learning for Home Energy Management Systems Based on Human Behavior Patterns Recognition

Load forecasting can enhance the reliability and efficiency of operations in a home energy management system(HEMS).The rise of big data with machine learning in recent years makes it a potential solution.This paper proposes two new energy load forecasting methods,enhancing the traditional sequence to sequence long short-term memory(S2S-LSTM)model.Method 1 integrates S2S-LSTM with human behavior patterns recognition,implemented and compared by 3 types of algorithms:density based spatial clustering of applications with noise(DBSCAN),K-means and Pearson correlation coefficient(PCC).Among them,PCC is proven to be better than the others and suitable for a large number of residential customers.Method 2 further improves Method 1’s performance with a modified multi-layer Neural Network architecture,which is constituted by fully-connected,dropout and stable improved softmax layers.It optimizes the process of supervised learning in LSTM and improves the stability and accuracy of the prediction model.The performances of both proposed methods are evaluated on a dataset of 8-week electricity consumptions from 2337 residential customers.

Review on Optimization of Forecasting and Coordination Strategies for Electric Vehicle Charging

The rapid development of electric vehicles(EVs)has benefited from the fact that more and more countries or regions have begun to attach importance to clean energy and environmental protection.This paper focuses on the optimization of EV charging,which cannot be ignored in the rapid development of EVs.The increase in the penetration of EVs will generate new electrical loads during the charging process,which will bring new challenges to local power systems.Moreover,the uncoordinated charging of EVs may increase the peak-to-valley difference in the load,aggravate harmonic distortions,and affect auxiliary services.To stabilize the operations of power grids,many studies have been carried out to optimize EV charging.This paper reviews these studies from two aspects:EV charging forecasting and coordinated EV charging strategies.Comparative analyses are carried out to identify the advantages and disadvantages of different methods or models.At the end of this paper,recommendations are given to address the challenges of EV charging and associated charging strategies.

Firm-level Strategic Competition and Peer Effects in Corporate Investment among Chinese Firms

This study investigates the influence of strategic competition on peer effects in corporate investment by using a sample of 28,522 observations of Chinese listed companies from 2008 to 2020.The study develops a linear-in means model and uses an instrumental variables approach,and uses the competitive strategy measure(CSM)and Lerner index as proxies of competitive strategies and competitive positions to capture the firm-level competition.The empirical results demonstrate that when firms compete as strategic substitutes and when firms are in higher competitive positions,the peer effects in corporate investment are significant and positive.In addition,in circumstances of high information asymmetry,firms competing as strategic substitutes and firms in high competitive positions rely more on information related to investment from peer firms.Moreover,industry policies and barriers do not significantly influence peer effects in investment.This study offers new empirical evidence regarding peer effects in corporate investment in China.

Investigation of the tetraquark states QqQq in the improved chromomagnetic interaction model

In the framework of the improved chromomagnetic interaction model,we complete a systematic study of the S-wave tetraquark states QqQq(Q=c,b,and q=u,d,s)with different quantum numbers:J^(PC)=0^(+(+)),1^(+(±)),and 2^(+(+)).The mass spectra of tetraquark states are predicted,and the possible decay channels are analyzed by considering both the angular momentum and C-parity conservation.The recently observed hidden-charm tetraquark states with strangeness,such as Z_(cs)(3985)^(-),X(3960),and Z_(cs)(4220)^(+),can be well explained in our model.Additionally,according to the wave function of each tetraquark state,we find that the low-lying states of each QqQq configuration have a large overlap to the QQ and qq meson basis,instead of the Qq and qQ meson basis.This indicates that one can search these tetraquark states in future experiments via the channel of QQ and qq mesons.

UA(1)symmetry restoration at high baryon density

We study the relation between chiral and UA(1)symmetries in the quark-meson model.Although quarks and mesons are described in mean field approximation,the topological susceptibility characterizing the UA(1)breaking comprises two components:one controlled by the condensate and the other by the meson fluctuation.The UA(1)restoration is governed by the competition of these components.In a hot medium,the condensates melt.However,the fluctuation is enhanced.Therefore,the UA(1)symmetry cannot be solely restored via the temperature effect.Nevertheless,the baryon density reduces the condensates and fluctuation,and thereby,the UA(1)symmetry can only be restored in a dense or dense and hot medium.The strange condensate plays a weak role in the susceptibility,and the chiral and UA(1)symmetry restorations occur almost at the same critical point.