The gravitational wave spacecraft is a complex multi-input multi-output dynamic system.The gravitational wave detection mission requires the spacecraft to achieve single spacecraft with two laser links and high-precis...The gravitational wave spacecraft is a complex multi-input multi-output dynamic system.The gravitational wave detection mission requires the spacecraft to achieve single spacecraft with two laser links and high-precision control.Establishing one spacecraftwith two laser links,compared to one spacecraft with a single laser link,requires an upgraded decoupling algorithmfor the link establishment.The decoupling algorithmwe designed reassigns the degrees of freedomand forces in the control loop to ensure sufficient degrees of freedomfor optical axis control.In addressing the distinct dynamic characteristics of different degrees of freedom,a transfer function compensation method is used in the decoupling process to further minimize motion coupling.The open-loop frequency response of the systemis obtained through simulation.The upgraded decoupling algorithms effectively reduce the open-loop frequency response by 30 dB.The transfer function compensation method efficiently suppresses the coupling of low-frequency noise.展开更多
The quantitative analysis of sediment sources in a sink is an important scientific topic and challenge in provenance research.The characteristics of heavy minerals,combined with the geochemical constituents of detrita...The quantitative analysis of sediment sources in a sink is an important scientific topic and challenge in provenance research.The characteristics of heavy minerals,combined with the geochemical constituents of detrital grains,provide a reliable provenance-tracing approach.We developed a mineral identification method to analyze the multiple grain-size fraction of sediments,from which the elemental geochemistry of hornblende was used to compare the characteristics of sediments from the Huaihe River and Huanghe(Yellow)River in eastern China.Elements that were statistically identified as being able to discriminate sediment provenance were employed to perform a quantitative analysis of the sources of sediments of the abandoned Huanghe River.Results reveal that the Huaihe River is characterized by a high amphibole content of>60%and that the Huanghe and abandoned Huanghe rivers have greater abundances of limonite and carbonate minerals compared with those of the Huaihe River.The contents of trace elements and rare earth elements in hornblende show that the sediments of the abandoned Huanghe River are similar to those of the Huanghe River but different from those of the Huaihe River.Furthermore,chemical mass balance was used to calculate the relative contributions of different provenances of sediment from the abandoned Huanghe River,and nine trace elements of hornblende were identified as discriminators of provenance.Approximately 2%of the hornblende in the abandoned Huanghe River is derived from the Huaihe River and 98%from the Huanghe River.Considering the proportion of hornblende in the total sediment,it is inferred that the contribution of Huaihe River sediment to the abandoned Huanghe River is approximately 0.5%.This study shows that mineral analysis using multiple grain-size fractions(within the wide range of 1Φto 6Φ)with assessment in elemental geochemistry of hornblende can characterize the provenance of fluvial material in coastal zones.展开更多
Continental shelf islands are contributors of terrestrial sediment supply to shelf regions,and the sediment flux from these islands shall be quantified.We calculated the sediment flux of continental shelf islands in t...Continental shelf islands are contributors of terrestrial sediment supply to shelf regions,and the sediment flux from these islands shall be quantified.We calculated the sediment flux of continental shelf islands in the southeastern China using two empirical equations under two preconditions.The first,the sediment load/yield of the islands has the same pattern as the adjacent small,mountainous rivers along the coastline;and the second,each of the islands was treated as a single catchment.The results show that the sediment supply from these islands reached an order of magnitude of 1 Mt/a,which is comparable to the supply from the local smaller rivers.A sensitivity analysis indicates that this value represents the lower limit of estimate;if the accurate amount of sub-catchments of any island is considered,then this value will be enhanced slightly.This study demonstrates that the sediment supply from continental shelf islands to oceans is an important factor affecting the regional sedimentation and,therefore,should be paid with attention.展开更多
The relationship between storm activity and global warming remains uncertain.To better understand storm–climate relationships,coastal lagoon deposits are increasingly being investigated because they could provide hig...The relationship between storm activity and global warming remains uncertain.To better understand storm–climate relationships,coastal lagoon deposits are increasingly being investigated because they could provide high-resolution storm records long enough to cover past climate changes.However,site-specific sediment dynamics and high barriers may bias storm reconstructions.Here,we aimed to investigate these factors through the reconstruction of five distinct storm records(XCL-01,XC-03,XC-06,XC-07,XC-08)from different water depths in a lagoon with a high barrier(i.e.,Xincun Lagoon of Hainan Island).Sediment cores were characterized using high-resolution grain size and XRF measurements,to identify storm events.These data were coupled with a numerical simulation to obtain bed shear stress data with high-spatial resolution to better understand storm-induced sediment transport mechanisms.^(210) Pb dating and Pb pollution chronostratigraphic markers indicated that the chronology of the storm deposit sequences of the cores span the period between 117 a and 348 a.The grain size and XRF results indicated numerous,highly variable and short-duration fluctuations,suggesting that storm-induced coarse-grained sediments were deposited at these core sites.The inconsistent storm events recorded in these cores suggest that these sites have different preservation potentials for storm deposits.However,the consistence between storm sediment records and historical documents for Core XCL-01 indicates that high-barrier lagoons could provide long-term storm event records with high preservation potential.展开更多
Hurricane Ike,which struck the United States in September 2008,was the ninth most expensive hurricane in terms of damages.It caused nearly USD 30 billion in damage after making landfall on the Bolivar Peninsula,Texas....Hurricane Ike,which struck the United States in September 2008,was the ninth most expensive hurricane in terms of damages.It caused nearly USD 30 billion in damage after making landfall on the Bolivar Peninsula,Texas.We used the Delft3dFM/SWAN hydrodynamic and spectral wave model to simulate the storm surge inundation around Galveston Bay during Hurricane Ike.Damage curves were established through the relationship between eight hydrodynamic parameters(water depth,flow velocity,unit discharge,flow momentum flux,significant wave height,wave energy flux,total water depth(flow depth plus wave height),and total(flow plus wave)force)simulated by the model and National Flood Insurance Program(NFIP)insurance damage data.The NFIP insurance database contains a large amount of building damage data,building stories,and elevation,as well as other information from the Ike event.We found that the damage curves are sensitive to the model grid resolution,building elevation,and the number of stories.We also found that the resulting damage functions are steeper than those developed for residential structures in many other locations.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most common cognitive disorder in the elderly.Its main clinical manifestations are cognitive decline(C),behavioral and psychological symptoms(B),and a decline in the activities of dai...Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most common cognitive disorder in the elderly.Its main clinical manifestations are cognitive decline(C),behavioral and psychological symptoms(B),and a decline in the activities of daily living(A),also known as ABC symptoms.Early identification and evaluation of ABC symptoms are helpful for establishing the accurate diagnosis,comprehensive treatment,and prognosis of AD.To guide Chinese clinical practice for optimization of the comprehensive management of AD,in 2018,The Academy of Cognitive Disorder of China gathered 22 neurologists and gerontologists in China to build a consensus on the comprehensive management of AD.Based on a review of the evidence,the consensus summarizes the pathogenesis,pathological changes,clinical manifestations,evaluation,diagnosis,drug and non-drug treatment,and patient care for AD.Focus group discussion was used to establish a flowchart of comprehensive ABC management for AD patients.The new consensus provides a feasible AD management process for clinicians.展开更多
The cognitive disease consensus was prepared by panels of health and public representatives based on actual clinical practice in Geriatric Departments in Chinese hospitals and a systematic literature review. This cons...The cognitive disease consensus was prepared by panels of health and public representatives based on actual clinical practice in Geriatric Departments in Chinese hospitals and a systematic literature review. This consensus reflects the medical knowledge accumulated by those experts and provides information about professional medical care and advice.A multidisciplinary panel of specialists(neurologists,psychiatrists, and nursing specialists) reports an expert consensus on the medical knowledge accumulated from those experts and provides information about professional medical care and advice. The recommendations focus on the care and management of older adults with mild cognitive impairment,the objectives and methods of maintaining cognition and training, the assessments and measures of daily care for patients at different stages of dementia, the assessments and coping strategies for the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, principles and suggestions for an appropriate living environment, arrangements for recreational activities, the care and management of patients with endstage dementia, and suggestions for addressing stress in caregivers.展开更多
Sensing of pathogenic nucleic acids by pattern recognition receptors(PRR)not only initiates anti-microbe defense but causes inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.E3 ubiquitin ligase(s)critical in innate response need t...Sensing of pathogenic nucleic acids by pattern recognition receptors(PRR)not only initiates anti-microbe defense but causes inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.E3 ubiquitin ligase(s)critical in innate response need to be further identified.Here we report that the tripartite motif-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM41 is required to innate antiviral response through facilitating pathogenic nucleic acids-triggered signaling pathway.TRIM41 deficiency impairs the production of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons in macrophages after transfection with nucleic acid-mimics and infection with both DNA and RNA viruses.In vivo,TRIM41 deficiency leads to impaired innate response against viruses.Mechanistically,TRIM41 directly interacts with BCL10(B cell lymphoma 10),a core component of CARD proteins-BCL10—MALT1(CBM)complex,and modifies the Lys63-linked polyubiquitylation of BCL10,which,in turn,hubs NEMO for activation of NF-kB and TANK-binding kinase 1(TBK1)—interferon regulatory factor 3(IRF3)pathways.Our study suggests that TRIM41 is the potential universal E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for Lys63 linkage of BCL10 during innate antiviral response,adding new insight into the molecular mechanism for the control of innate antiviral response.展开更多
Background:Healthcare resource utilisation for Alzheimer’s disease(AD)in China is not well understood.This Delphi panel study aimed to describe the clinical management pathways for moderate and severe AD patients in ...Background:Healthcare resource utilisation for Alzheimer’s disease(AD)in China is not well understood.This Delphi panel study aimed to describe the clinical management pathways for moderate and severe AD patients in urban China and to define the amount and cost of healthcare resources used.Methods:A panel of 11 experts was recruited from urban China to participate in two rounds of preparatory interviews.In the first round,9 physicians specialised in dementia gave a qualitative description of the clinical management of AD patients.In the second round,2 hospital administrators were asked about the cost of AD management and care.Results from the interviews were discussed by the experts in a Delphi panel meeting,where consensus was reached on quantitative aspects of AD management,including the rate of healthcare resource utilisation,the respective unit costs and caregiving time.Results:Interviewees reported that mild AD is under-recognised in China;most patients are diagnosed with moderate to severe AD.Loss of independence and agitation/aggression are the main drivers for healthcare resource utilisation and contribute to a heavier caregiver burden.It was estimated that 70%moderate AD patients are independent/non-aggressive at the time of diagnosis,15%are independent/aggressive,10%are dependent/non-aggressive,and 5%are dependent/aggressive.Dependent/aggressive AD patients are more likely to be hospitalised(70–90%)than accepted in a nursing home(0–20%),while the opposite is true for dependent/non-aggressive patients(5–35%for hospitalisation vs.80%for nursing home).Independent AD patients require 1–3 hours/day of caregiver time,while dependent patients can require up to 12–15 hours/day.Experts agreed that AD complicates the management of age-related comorbidities,found in 70–80%of all AD patients,increasing the frequency and cost of hospitalisation.Conclusions:The Delphi panel approach was an efficient method of gathering data about the amount of healthcare resources used and associated costs for moderate and severe AD patients in urban China.The results of this study provide a useful source of information for decision makers to improve future healthcare policies and resource planning,as well as to perform economic evaluations of AD therapies.展开更多
A hertz-linewidth ultra-stable laser(USL), which will be used to detect the clock transition line, in a strontium optical clock will be launched into the China Space Station(CSS) in late 2022. As the core of the USL, ...A hertz-linewidth ultra-stable laser(USL), which will be used to detect the clock transition line, in a strontium optical clock will be launched into the China Space Station(CSS) in late 2022. As the core of the USL, an interference-filter-based externalcavity diode laser(IF-ECDL) was developed. The IF-ECDL has a compact, stable, and environmentally insensitive design.Performances of the IF-ECDL are presented. The developed IF-ECDL can pass the aerospace environmental tests, indicating that the IF-ECDL can be suitable for space missions in the CSS.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2203700).
文摘The gravitational wave spacecraft is a complex multi-input multi-output dynamic system.The gravitational wave detection mission requires the spacecraft to achieve single spacecraft with two laser links and high-precision control.Establishing one spacecraftwith two laser links,compared to one spacecraft with a single laser link,requires an upgraded decoupling algorithmfor the link establishment.The decoupling algorithmwe designed reassigns the degrees of freedomand forces in the control loop to ensure sufficient degrees of freedomfor optical axis control.In addressing the distinct dynamic characteristics of different degrees of freedom,a transfer function compensation method is used in the decoupling process to further minimize motion coupling.The open-loop frequency response of the systemis obtained through simulation.The upgraded decoupling algorithms effectively reduce the open-loop frequency response by 30 dB.The transfer function compensation method efficiently suppresses the coupling of low-frequency noise.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41576057,41876092)。
文摘The quantitative analysis of sediment sources in a sink is an important scientific topic and challenge in provenance research.The characteristics of heavy minerals,combined with the geochemical constituents of detrital grains,provide a reliable provenance-tracing approach.We developed a mineral identification method to analyze the multiple grain-size fraction of sediments,from which the elemental geochemistry of hornblende was used to compare the characteristics of sediments from the Huaihe River and Huanghe(Yellow)River in eastern China.Elements that were statistically identified as being able to discriminate sediment provenance were employed to perform a quantitative analysis of the sources of sediments of the abandoned Huanghe River.Results reveal that the Huaihe River is characterized by a high amphibole content of>60%and that the Huanghe and abandoned Huanghe rivers have greater abundances of limonite and carbonate minerals compared with those of the Huaihe River.The contents of trace elements and rare earth elements in hornblende show that the sediments of the abandoned Huanghe River are similar to those of the Huanghe River but different from those of the Huaihe River.Furthermore,chemical mass balance was used to calculate the relative contributions of different provenances of sediment from the abandoned Huanghe River,and nine trace elements of hornblende were identified as discriminators of provenance.Approximately 2%of the hornblende in the abandoned Huanghe River is derived from the Huaihe River and 98%from the Huanghe River.Considering the proportion of hornblende in the total sediment,it is inferred that the contribution of Huaihe River sediment to the abandoned Huanghe River is approximately 0.5%.This study shows that mineral analysis using multiple grain-size fractions(within the wide range of 1Φto 6Φ)with assessment in elemental geochemistry of hornblende can characterize the provenance of fluvial material in coastal zones.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41625021,41876092,41576095,41906021)。
文摘Continental shelf islands are contributors of terrestrial sediment supply to shelf regions,and the sediment flux from these islands shall be quantified.We calculated the sediment flux of continental shelf islands in the southeastern China using two empirical equations under two preconditions.The first,the sediment load/yield of the islands has the same pattern as the adjacent small,mountainous rivers along the coastline;and the second,each of the islands was treated as a single catchment.The results show that the sediment supply from these islands reached an order of magnitude of 1 Mt/a,which is comparable to the supply from the local smaller rivers.A sensitivity analysis indicates that this value represents the lower limit of estimate;if the accurate amount of sub-catchments of any island is considered,then this value will be enhanced slightly.This study demonstrates that the sediment supply from continental shelf islands to oceans is an important factor affecting the regional sedimentation and,therefore,should be paid with attention.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41706096 and 41530962the Research Startup Project of Jiangsu Normal University under contract No.19XSRX006+2 种基金the Opening Foundation of Hainan Key Laboratory of Marine Geological Resources and Environment under contract No.HNHYDZZYHJKF005the High-level Talent Program of Basic and Applied Basic Research Programs(Field of Natural Science)in Hainan Province under contract No.2019RC349a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。
文摘The relationship between storm activity and global warming remains uncertain.To better understand storm–climate relationships,coastal lagoon deposits are increasingly being investigated because they could provide high-resolution storm records long enough to cover past climate changes.However,site-specific sediment dynamics and high barriers may bias storm reconstructions.Here,we aimed to investigate these factors through the reconstruction of five distinct storm records(XCL-01,XC-03,XC-06,XC-07,XC-08)from different water depths in a lagoon with a high barrier(i.e.,Xincun Lagoon of Hainan Island).Sediment cores were characterized using high-resolution grain size and XRF measurements,to identify storm events.These data were coupled with a numerical simulation to obtain bed shear stress data with high-spatial resolution to better understand storm-induced sediment transport mechanisms.^(210) Pb dating and Pb pollution chronostratigraphic markers indicated that the chronology of the storm deposit sequences of the cores span the period between 117 a and 348 a.The grain size and XRF results indicated numerous,highly variable and short-duration fluctuations,suggesting that storm-induced coarse-grained sediments were deposited at these core sites.The inconsistent storm events recorded in these cores suggest that these sites have different preservation potentials for storm deposits.However,the consistence between storm sediment records and historical documents for Core XCL-01 indicates that high-barrier lagoons could provide long-term storm event records with high preservation potential.
基金funded by NSF award 2228486 under the program Strengthening America’s Infrastructurefunding from the China Scholarship Council,Grant No.202206140090。
文摘Hurricane Ike,which struck the United States in September 2008,was the ninth most expensive hurricane in terms of damages.It caused nearly USD 30 billion in damage after making landfall on the Bolivar Peninsula,Texas.We used the Delft3dFM/SWAN hydrodynamic and spectral wave model to simulate the storm surge inundation around Galveston Bay during Hurricane Ike.Damage curves were established through the relationship between eight hydrodynamic parameters(water depth,flow velocity,unit discharge,flow momentum flux,significant wave height,wave energy flux,total water depth(flow depth plus wave height),and total(flow plus wave)force)simulated by the model and National Flood Insurance Program(NFIP)insurance damage data.The NFIP insurance database contains a large amount of building damage data,building stories,and elevation,as well as other information from the Ike event.We found that the damage curves are sensitive to the model grid resolution,building elevation,and the number of stories.We also found that the resulting damage functions are steeper than those developed for residential structures in many other locations.
文摘Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most common cognitive disorder in the elderly.Its main clinical manifestations are cognitive decline(C),behavioral and psychological symptoms(B),and a decline in the activities of daily living(A),also known as ABC symptoms.Early identification and evaluation of ABC symptoms are helpful for establishing the accurate diagnosis,comprehensive treatment,and prognosis of AD.To guide Chinese clinical practice for optimization of the comprehensive management of AD,in 2018,The Academy of Cognitive Disorder of China gathered 22 neurologists and gerontologists in China to build a consensus on the comprehensive management of AD.Based on a review of the evidence,the consensus summarizes the pathogenesis,pathological changes,clinical manifestations,evaluation,diagnosis,drug and non-drug treatment,and patient care for AD.Focus group discussion was used to establish a flowchart of comprehensive ABC management for AD patients.The new consensus provides a feasible AD management process for clinicians.
文摘The cognitive disease consensus was prepared by panels of health and public representatives based on actual clinical practice in Geriatric Departments in Chinese hospitals and a systematic literature review. This consensus reflects the medical knowledge accumulated by those experts and provides information about professional medical care and advice.A multidisciplinary panel of specialists(neurologists,psychiatrists, and nursing specialists) reports an expert consensus on the medical knowledge accumulated from those experts and provides information about professional medical care and advice. The recommendations focus on the care and management of older adults with mild cognitive impairment,the objectives and methods of maintaining cognition and training, the assessments and measures of daily care for patients at different stages of dementia, the assessments and coping strategies for the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, principles and suggestions for an appropriate living environment, arrangements for recreational activities, the care and management of patients with endstage dementia, and suggestions for addressing stress in caregivers.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770937,31970848,82001677,31970892,81788101,31570914,and 81222039)National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0507401)+1 种基金the"Shuguang Program"of the Shanghai Education Development Foundation and the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(15SG32)the Program of Shanghai Subject Chief Scientist(18XD1405200).
文摘Sensing of pathogenic nucleic acids by pattern recognition receptors(PRR)not only initiates anti-microbe defense but causes inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.E3 ubiquitin ligase(s)critical in innate response need to be further identified.Here we report that the tripartite motif-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM41 is required to innate antiviral response through facilitating pathogenic nucleic acids-triggered signaling pathway.TRIM41 deficiency impairs the production of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons in macrophages after transfection with nucleic acid-mimics and infection with both DNA and RNA viruses.In vivo,TRIM41 deficiency leads to impaired innate response against viruses.Mechanistically,TRIM41 directly interacts with BCL10(B cell lymphoma 10),a core component of CARD proteins-BCL10—MALT1(CBM)complex,and modifies the Lys63-linked polyubiquitylation of BCL10,which,in turn,hubs NEMO for activation of NF-kB and TANK-binding kinase 1(TBK1)—interferon regulatory factor 3(IRF3)pathways.Our study suggests that TRIM41 is the potential universal E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for Lys63 linkage of BCL10 during innate antiviral response,adding new insight into the molecular mechanism for the control of innate antiviral response.
基金by Lundbeck Ltd.The authors acknowledge Costello Medical Singapore Pte.Ltd.for editorial and administrative assistance.
文摘Background:Healthcare resource utilisation for Alzheimer’s disease(AD)in China is not well understood.This Delphi panel study aimed to describe the clinical management pathways for moderate and severe AD patients in urban China and to define the amount and cost of healthcare resources used.Methods:A panel of 11 experts was recruited from urban China to participate in two rounds of preparatory interviews.In the first round,9 physicians specialised in dementia gave a qualitative description of the clinical management of AD patients.In the second round,2 hospital administrators were asked about the cost of AD management and care.Results from the interviews were discussed by the experts in a Delphi panel meeting,where consensus was reached on quantitative aspects of AD management,including the rate of healthcare resource utilisation,the respective unit costs and caregiving time.Results:Interviewees reported that mild AD is under-recognised in China;most patients are diagnosed with moderate to severe AD.Loss of independence and agitation/aggression are the main drivers for healthcare resource utilisation and contribute to a heavier caregiver burden.It was estimated that 70%moderate AD patients are independent/non-aggressive at the time of diagnosis,15%are independent/aggressive,10%are dependent/non-aggressive,and 5%are dependent/aggressive.Dependent/aggressive AD patients are more likely to be hospitalised(70–90%)than accepted in a nursing home(0–20%),while the opposite is true for dependent/non-aggressive patients(5–35%for hospitalisation vs.80%for nursing home).Independent AD patients require 1–3 hours/day of caregiver time,while dependent patients can require up to 12–15 hours/day.Experts agreed that AD complicates the management of age-related comorbidities,found in 70–80%of all AD patients,increasing the frequency and cost of hospitalisation.Conclusions:The Delphi panel approach was an efficient method of gathering data about the amount of healthcare resources used and associated costs for moderate and severe AD patients in urban China.The results of this study provide a useful source of information for decision makers to improve future healthcare policies and resource planning,as well as to perform economic evaluations of AD therapies.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFC2201300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11903041)。
文摘A hertz-linewidth ultra-stable laser(USL), which will be used to detect the clock transition line, in a strontium optical clock will be launched into the China Space Station(CSS) in late 2022. As the core of the USL, an interference-filter-based externalcavity diode laser(IF-ECDL) was developed. The IF-ECDL has a compact, stable, and environmentally insensitive design.Performances of the IF-ECDL are presented. The developed IF-ECDL can pass the aerospace environmental tests, indicating that the IF-ECDL can be suitable for space missions in the CSS.
