352-Gbit/s single line rate THz wired transmission based on PS-4096QAM employing hollow-core fiber

We successfully demonstrate 32-Gbaud Probabilistically Shaped 4096-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(PS-4096QAM)TeraHertz(THz)signal wired transmission at 325 GHz over the 1-m Hollow-Core Fiber(HCF)in a photon-assisted THz-wave communication system.By employing advanced Digital Signal Processing(DSP)and the PS technique,the 352-Gbit/s line rate(288-Gbit/s net rate)delivery with a net Spectral Efficiency(SE)of 9 bit/s/Hz is realized in the experiment,satisfying the 0.86-Normalized Generalized Mutual Information(NGMI)Low-Density Parity-Check(LDPC)threshold.

Efficacy of platinum in advanced triple-negative breast cancer with germline BRCA mutation determined by next generation sequencing

Objective:To compare the efficacy of platinum-and non-platinum-based regimens as first-line treatment for advanced triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)and analyze the relationship between their efficacy and BRCA gene status.Methods:Retrospectively analyze clinical data of 220 patients diagnosed pathologically with advanced TNBC and treated at the Department of Breast Oncology,Peking University Cancer Hospital from 2013 to 2018 and evaluate the efficacy of chemotherapy.A total of 114 patients had BRCA1/2 gene tested by next generation sequencing(NGS)using peripheral blood,and we analyzed the correlation between their efficacy and BRCA1/2 gene status.Results:Non-platinum-based chemotherapy(NPCT)was administered to 129 and platinum-based chemotherapy(PBCT)to 91 study patients.The clinical benefit rate(CBR)and median progression-free survival(PFS)were not statistically different between NPCT and PBCT groups.The median overall survival(OS)was 30.0 and 22.5 months for PBCT and NPCT group,respectively[P=0.090,hazard ratios(HR)=0.703].BRCA status was assessed in 114 patients,14 of whom had deleterious germline BRCA1/2(g BRCA)mutations(seven in each group).In PBCT group,the CBR was 85.7%and 35.1%for patients with and without deleterious g BRCA mutations,respectively(P=0.039).The median PFS were 14.9 and 5.3 months and median OS were 26.5 and 15.5 months for patients with and without deleterious g BRCA mutations,respectively(P=0.001,P=0.161,respectively).Patients in PBCT group had significantly greater rates of grade 3-4 anemia(5.5%vs.0%)and thrombocytopenia(8.8%vs.0%),whereas palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia(12.4%vs.0%)and peripheral neuropathy(8.6%vs.1.1%)occurred more frequently in NPCT group.Conclusions:Platinum-based regimens are more effective in patients with deleterious g BRCA mutations,but no difference in patients without BRCA gene mutations,so non-platinum is an option in patients without BRCA gene mutations considering the toxicity and side effect.And we recommend that patients with advanced TNBC should have BRCA gene test.

Field Transmission of 100G and Beyond:Multiple Baud Rates and Mixed Line Rates Using Nyquist-WDM Technology

In this paper, we describe successful joint experiments with Deutsche Telecom on long-haul transmission of 100G and beyond over standard single mode fiber （SSMF） and with in-line EDFA-only amplification. The transmission link consists of 8 nodes and 950 km installed SSMF in DT＇ s optical infrastructure. Laboratory SSMF was added for extended optical reach. The first field experiment involved transmission of 8 x 216.8 Gbit/s Nyquist-WDM signals over 1750 km with 21.6 dB average loss per span. Each channel, modulated by a 54.2 Gbaud PDM-CSRZ-QPSK signal, is on a 50 GHz grid, which produces a net spectral efficiency （SE） of 4 bit/s/Hz. We also describe mixed-data-rate transmission coexisting with 1T, 400G, and 100G channels. The 400G channel uses four independent subcarriers modulated by 28 Gbaud PDM-QPSK signals. This yields a net SE of 4 bit/s/Hz, and 13 optically generated subcarriers from a single optical source are used in the 1T channel with 25 Gbaud PDM-QPSK modulation. The 100G signal uses real-time coherent PDM-QPSK transponder with 15% overhead of soft-decision forward-error correction （SD-FEC）. The digital post filter and 1 -bit maximum-likelihood sequence estimation （MLSE） are introduced at the receiver DSP to suppress noise, linear crosstalk, and filtering effects. Our results show that future 400G and 1T channels that use Nyquist WDM can transmit over long-haul distances with higher SE and using the same QPSK format.

Recent progress on high-speed optical transmission

The recently reported high spectral efficiency （SE） and high-baud-rate szgnal transmission are all Daseo on digital coherent optical communications and digital signal processing （DSP）. DSP simplifies the re- ception of advanced modulation formats and also enables the major electrical and optical impairments to be processed and compensated in the digital domain, at the transmitter or receiver side. In this paper, we summarize the research progress on high-speed signal generation and detection and also show the progress on DSP for high-speed signal detection. We also report the latest progress on multi-core and multi-mode multiplexing.

Occurrence Regularity of Tobacco Cutworm Moth (Spodoptera Litura) in Low-Altitude Tobacco Cultivation Areas in Lincang

[ Objective ] The paper was to study the occurrence and damage regularity of tobacco cutworm moth （Spodoptera Litura Fabricius） in low-altitude area in Lincang city. [ Method] The adult sex attractant monitoring, field investigation of occurrence and damage, and observation of continuous generation development of natural populations were carried out in natural flue-cured tobacco fields. [ Result] In field growth period of flue-cured tobacco under low-altitude of 1 000 - 1300 m, tobacco cutworm moth occurred for 4 generations, the duration of each generation was about 33 d, and the main injurious generation was the third generation. [ Conclusion] The paper provided reference for comprehensive control of tobacco cutworm moth in the low altitude areas.

Application of three dimensional conformal radiation therapy combined with high-intensity focused ultrasound for prostate cancer

Objective:Prostate cancer is a form of cancer that develops in the prostate,a gland in the male reproductive system.Prostate cancer tends to develop in men over the age of fifty;it is one of the most prevalent types of cancer in men.This article introduced a new method of prostate cancer treatment with the combination of three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU),its efficacy was evaluated.Methods:From January 2004 to December 2009,95 patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer,among them,48 patients were received combined therapy with total irradiation of TD 60 Gy/30 Fx and 5 fractions of HIFU treatment,while 47 patients were received with pure 3D-CRT with total irradiation of TD (66-72) Gy/(33-36) Fx.Various indicators were evaluated,such as the local control rate and distant metastasis rate,the changes in blood PSA and fPSA,changes in T-lymphocyte subsets and NK cells,as well as acute adverse reaction of normal tissue.Results:The local response rate difference between the two groups had statistical significance (P < 0.05);the changes in blood PSA and fPSA were significant (P < 0.05);CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+ and NK cells of the combined group increased obviously (P < 0.01),while the latter group had no increase (P > 0.05);the combined group had lower blood cells reduction and II-level acute adverse reaction of rectum,bladder and caput humeri than the pure group,but the II-level acute adverse reaction of urogenital canal in the combined group was higher (P < 0.05).Conclusion:The combined therapy with 3D-CRT and HIFU is a good way for the treatment of aged-related prostate cancer.It can ease the symptoms,control the disease and lengthen the survival time.

Digital Signal Processing for Optical Access Networks

In this paper, we investigate advanced digital signal process ing （DSP） at the transmitter and receiver side for signal pre equalization and postequalization in order to improve spec trum efficiency （SE） and transmission distance in an optical access network. A novel DSP scheme for this optical super Nyquist filtering 9 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation （9 QAM） like signals based on muhimodulus equalization with out post filtering is proposed. This scheme recovers the Ny quist filtered Quadrature PhaseShift Keying （QPSK） signal to a 9QAMlike one. With this technique, SE can be increased to 4 b/s/Hz for QPSK signals. A novel digital superNyquist signal generation scheme is also proposed to further suppress the Nyquist signal bandwidth and reduce channel crosstalk without the need for optical prefiltering. Only optical cou plers are needed for superNyquist wavelengthdivisionmulti plexing （WDM） channel multiplexing. We extend the DSP for shorthaul optical transmission networks by using highorder QAMs. We propose a highspeed Can＇ierless Amplitude/Phase 64 QAM （CAP64 QAM） system using directly modulated la ser （DML） based on direct detection and digital equalization. Decisiondirected least mean square is used to equalize the CAP64QAM. Using this scheme, we generate and transmit up to 60 Gbit/s CAP64QAM over 20 km standard single mode fiber based on the DML and direct detection. Finally, several key problems are solved for real time orthogonalfre quencydivisionmultiplexing （OFDM） signal transmission aml processing. With coherent detection, up to 100 Glfit/s 16 QAMOFDM realtime transmission is possible.

Terabit Superchannel Transmission: A Nyquist-WDM Approach

In this work, we focus on enhancing the network reach in terabit superchannel transmission by using a noise-suppressed Nyquist wavelength division multiplexing （NS-N-WDM） technique for polarization multiplexing quadrature phase-shift keying （PM-QPSK） subchannels at different symbol-rate-to-subchannel-spacing ratios up to 1.28. For the first time, we experimentally compare the transmission reach of this emerging technique with that of no-guard-interval coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing （NGI-CO-OFDM） on the same testbed. At BER of 2 x 10 3 and 100 Gbit/s per channel, an NGI-CO-OFDM terabit superchannel can transmit over a maximum of 3200 km SMF-28 with EDFA-only amplification, and an NS-N-WDM terabit superchannel can transmit over a maximum of 2800 km SMF-28 with EDFA-only amplification. Assuming different coding gain, 11 x 112 Gbit/s per channel with hard-decision （HD） forward-error correction （FEC） and 11 × 128 Gbit/s per channel NS-N-WDM transmission with soft-decision （SD） FEC can be achieved over a maximum of 2100 km and 2170 km, respectively. These are almost equal and were achieved using digital noise filtering and one-bit maximum likelihood sequence estimation （MLSE） at the receiver DSP. Characteristics including the back-to-back （BTB） curves, the ADC bandwidth requirement, and the tolerance to unequal subchannel power of an NS-N-WDM superchannel were also evaluated.

Photonics-assisted joint radar jamming and secure communication in the millimeter-wave band based on CE-LFM-OFDM

This paper reports a photonics-assisted millimeter-wave (mm-wave) joint radar jamming and secure communication system constructed through a photonic upconversion technique. In the experiments, a 30 GHz constant envelope linear frequency-modulated orthogonal frequency division modulation(CE-LFM-OFDM) signal with an instantaneous bandwidth of 1 GHz is synthesized by encoding 1 GBaud encrypted 16-quadrature amplitude modulation(16-QAM) OFDM signal. The velocity deception jamming is achieved with a spurious suppression ratio over 30 dB. Furthermore, we efficiently execute range deception jamming with a time shift of 10 ns. Simultaneously, the encrypted 16-QAM OFDM signal is successfully transmitted over a 1.2 m wireless link, with a data rate of 4 Gbit/s.

面向6G的太赫兹光纤一体融合通信系统:架构、关键技术与验证

太赫兹通信被普遍认为是未来6G移动通信系统的核心组成部分.通过对国内外太赫兹无线通信系统中太赫兹上变频与下变频主要技术路线进行分析与对比,本文提出了一种超宽带太赫兹光纤一体融合实时系统新型架构,借助于商业成熟的数字相干光模块(digital coherent optics,DCO),解决超高容量6G太赫兹实时无线通信难题.该架构系统性融合双偏振光子上变频太赫兹产生和光电混合下变频太赫兹接收技术,解决“光纤–太赫兹–光纤”无缝融合的应用难题.考虑到光电器件带宽受限,利用超宽带太赫兹信号多维调制技术,提升频谱效率和传输容量.针对复杂时变的太赫兹光纤混合信道,提出基于深度神经网络(deep neural network,DNN)的智能非线性联合补偿技术,有效解决太赫兹光纤混合信道信噪比受限问题.基于上述架构和关键技术,完成了世界上首个360~430 GHz光子太赫兹100/200 GbE实时无线传输通信实验,创造了目前世界上太赫兹无线通信的最高实时传输纪录,通信速率较5G提升10~20倍.本文提出的技术方案可实现与高速光纤网络的无缝融合,在太赫兹与光信号之间平滑转换,且能够充分复用商用化DCO,兼容IEEE 802.3和ITU-T G.798物理层传输协议,显著降低研发技术门槛和成本,大大加速6G太赫兹技术商用化进程.本文还从大容量、长距离和集成化等方面,对太赫兹光纤一体融合通信系统的未来发展方向及关键技术进行展望.

Photonics 60 GBaud PDM-16QAM fiber-wireless 2×2 MIMO delivery at THz-band

The terahertz photonics technique has bright application prospects in future sixth-generation(6G)broadband communication.In this study,we have experimentally demonstrated a photonics-assisted record-breaking net bit rate of 417 Gbit/s per wavelength signals delivery in a fiber-wireless converged communication system supported by advanced digital-signalprocessing(DSP)algorithms and a polarization multiplexing-based multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)scheme.In the experiment,up to 60 GBaud(480 Gbit/s)polarization-division-multiplexing 16-ary quadrature-amplitude-modulation(PDM16QAM)signals are transmitted over 20 km fibers and 3 m wireless 2×2 MIMO links at 318 GHz with the bit error rate(BER)under 1.56×10^(−2).It is the first demonstration to our knowledge of signals delivery exceeding 400 Gbit/s per wavelength in a photonics-assisted fiber-wireless converged 2×2 MIMO communication system.

AFAP1-AS1: a rising star among oncogenic long non-coding RNAs

Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have become a hotspot in biomedical research.This interest reflects their extensive involvement in the regulation of the expression of other genes,and their influence on the occurrence and development of a variety of human diseases.Actin filament associated protein 1-Antisense RNA 1(AFAP1-AS1)is a recently discovered oncogenic lncRNA.It is highly expressed in a variety of solid tumors,and regulates the expression of downstream genes and signaling pathways through adsorption and competing microRNAs,or by the direct binding to other proteins.Ultimately,AFAP1-AS1 promotes proliferation,chemotherapy resistance,and resistance to apoptosis,maintains stemness,and enhances invasion and migration of tumor cells.This paper summarizes the research concerning AFAP1-AS1 in malignant tumors,including the clinical application prospects of AFAP1-AS1 as a potential molecular marker and therapeutic target of malignant tumors.We also discuss the limitations in the knowledge of AFAP1-AS1 and directions of further research.AFAP1-AS1 is expected to provide an example for studies of other lncRNA molecules.

Combining long-term and short-term user interest for personalized hashtag recommendation

Hashtags, terms prefixed by a hash-symbol #, are widely used and inserted anywhere within short messages （tweets） on micro-blogging systems as they present rich sen- timent information on topics that people are interested in. In this paper, we focus on the problem of hashtag recommenda- tion considering their personalized and temporal aspects. As far as we know, this is the first work addressing this issue spe- cially to recommend personalized hashtags combining long- term and short-term user interest. We introduce three features to capture personal and temporal user interest： 1） hashtag textual information; 2） user behavior; and 3） time. We of- fer two recommendation models for comparison： a linear- combined model, and an enhanced session-based temporal graph （STG） model, Topic-STG, considering the features to learn user preferences and subsequently recommend person- alized hashtags. Experiments on two real tweet datasets illus- trate the effectiveness of the proposed models and algorithms.

Photonic aided vector millimeter-wave signal generation without digital-to-analog converter

A novel scheme of photonic aided vector millimeter-wave(mm-wave)signal generation without a digital-to-analog converter(DAC)is proposed.Based on our scheme,a 20 Gb/s 4-ary quadrature amplitude modulation(4-QAM)mm-wave signal is generated without using a DAC.The experiment results demonstrate that the bit error rate(BER)of 20 Gb/s 4-QAM mmwave signal can reach below the hard-decision forward-error-correction threshold after a delivery over 1 m wireless distance.Because the DAC is not required,it can reduce the system cost.Besides,by using photonic technology,the system is easily integrated to create large-scale production and application in high-speed optical communication.

Delivery of 40 Gbit/s W-band signal over 4600 m wireless distance employing advanced digital signal processing

We experimentally built a photonics-aided long-distance large-capacity millimeter-wave wireless transmission system and demonstrated a delivery of 40 Gbit/s W-band 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM)signal over 4600 m wireless distance at 88.5 GHz.Advanced offline digital signal processing algorithms are proposed and employed for signal recovery,which makes the bit-error ratio under 2.4×10^(−2).To the best of our knowledge,this is the first field-trial demonstration of>4 km W-band 16QAM signal transmission,and the result achieves a record-breaking product of wireless transmission capacity and distance,i.e.,184(Gbit/s)·km,for high-speed and long-distance W-band wireless communication.

Spectrally efficient single carrier 400G optical signal transmission

In this paper,the recent progress on spectrally efficient single carrier(SC)400G optical signal transmission was summarized.By using quadrature phase shift keying(QPSK),16 quadrature amplitude modulation(16QAM)and 64QAM,we can realize transmission distance over 10000,6000 and 3000 km,respectively,with large area fiber and all-Raman amplification.To improve the system performance and generate high-order QAM,advanced digital signal processing algorithms such as probabilistic shaping and look-up table pre-distortion are employed to improve the transmission performance.

Dual-services generation using an integrated polarization multiplexing modulator

We proposed and demonstrated a new scheme for simultaneous generation of independent wired and wireless signals employing an integrated polarization multiplexing modulator. In the experimental system, a 10 Gb/s wired signal is imposed on the original optical carrier with one polarization, while a wireless signal with a bit rate larger than 4 Gb/s is carried on the generated millimeter wave of 76.44 GHz, which has polarization orthogonal to the wired signal. The dual services are successfully delivered over a 15 km standard single mode fiber;the power penalties of the wired and wireless signals are around 0.4 d B and 1.5 dB, respectively.

Novel schemes to generate multi-level modulation formats for ultra-capacity coherent detection transmission systems

We summarize several novel schemes to generate multi-level modulation formats for high capacity transmission system with high spectral efficiency. We show that multi-level 8QAM, 16QAM, 32QAM, and 64QAM （QAM： quatlrature amplitude modulation） optical signals can be generated by commercial optical and electrical devices. Employing these multilevel modulation formats, we have realized PDM-8QAM （PDM： polarization division multiplexing） 32 Tb/s and PDM-36QAM 64-Tb/s signals transmission over 580-and 320-km fibers, respectively.

ORDER DECISION MAKING BASED ON DIFFERENT STATEMENT STRATEGIES UNDER STOCHASTIC MARKET DEMAND

Based on the stochastic market demand, this paper considers the order decision-making strategies of the supply chain by introducing statement strategies. Consequently, the time-variant variance in the demands of the market is incorporated into the model. The retailer simultaneously determines the purchase time （i.e., lead time） and order quantity, and the manufacturer determines the statement strategy and the reserved profit rate. The results show that the no overtime statement strategy can induce the retailer to place more orders in advance by limiting the available order quantity within the available time. Finally, we also adopt numerical examples to support the conclusion of this paper.

Editorial for Focus Issue on Enabling Science and Technology for High-Speed Optical Communications

Fiber optics underpins the communications infrastructure for the information society today. Cables consisting of hair-like fibers speed data around the globe in the form of rapid pulses of light. Modern telecom infrastructure facilitating high-speed broadband internet would not be possible without it. Rapid progress of advanced modulation formats, coding, optical amplification, coherent detection, and digital signal processing has made significant impact in the field of optical communications.