The incidence of prostate cancer(PCa)within Asian population used to be much lower than in the Western population;however,in recent years the incidence and mortality rate of PCa in some Asian countries have grown rapi...The incidence of prostate cancer(PCa)within Asian population used to be much lower than in the Western population;however,in recent years the incidence and mortality rate of PCa in some Asian countries have grown rapidly.This collaborative report summarized the latest epidemiology information,risk factors,and racial differences in PCa diagnosis,current status and new trends in surgery management and novel agents for castration-resistant prostate cancer.We believe such information would be helpful in clinical decision making for urologists and oncologists,health-care ministries and medical researchers.展开更多
Objective:To test the diagnostic performance of percent free prostate-specific antigen(%fPSA)in predicting any prostate cancer(PCa)and high-grade prostate cancer(HGPCa)in a retrospective multi-center biopsy cohort wit...Objective:To test the diagnostic performance of percent free prostate-specific antigen(%fPSA)in predicting any prostate cancer(PCa)and high-grade prostate cancer(HGPCa)in a retrospective multi-center biopsy cohort with a PSA level of 4.0e10.0 ng/mL in China.Methods:Consecutive patients with a PSA of 4.0-10.0 ng/mL who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy were enrolled at 16 Chinese medical centers from January 1st,2010 to December 31st,2013.Total and free serum PSA determinations were performed using three types of electro-chemiluminescence immunoassays recalibrated to the World Health Organization(WHO)standard.The diagnostic accuracy of PSA,%fPSA,and %fPSA in combination with PSA(%fPSA t PSA)was determined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC).Results:A total of 2310 consecutive men with PSA levels between 4.0 and 10.0 ng/mL were included,and the detection rate of PCa was 25.1%.The AUC of%fPSA and %fPSA t PSA in predicting any PCa was superior to PSA alone in men aged≥60 years(0.623 vs.0.534,p<0.0001)but not in men aged 40e59 years(0.517 vs.0.518,p=0.939).Similar result was yield in predicting HGPCa.Conclusion:In a clinical setting of Chinese men with 4.0e10.0 ng/mL PSA undergoing initial prostate biopsy,adding %fPSA to PSA can moderately improve the diagnostic accuracy for any PCa and HGPCa compared with PSA alone in patients≥60 but not in patients aged 40-59 years.展开更多
Objective:Several reports have proposed that lnc RNAs,as potential biomarkers,participate in the progression and growth of malignant tumors.HIF1 A-AS2 is a novel lnc RNA and potential biomarker,involved in the genesis...Objective:Several reports have proposed that lnc RNAs,as potential biomarkers,participate in the progression and growth of malignant tumors.HIF1 A-AS2 is a novel lnc RNA and potential biomarker,involved in the genesis and development of carcinomas.However,the molecular mechanism of HIF1 A-AS2 in renal carcinoma is unclear.Methods:The relative expression levels of HIF1 A-AS2 and miR-30 a-5 p were detected using RT-qPCR in renal carcinoma tissues and cell lines.Using loss-of-function and overexpression,the biological effects of HIF1 A-AS2 and miR-30 a-5 p in kidney carcinoma progression were characterized.Dual luciferase reporter gene analysis and Western blot were used to detect the potential mechanism of HIF1 A-AS2 in renal carcinomas.Results:HIF1 A-AS2 was upregulated in kidney carcinoma tissues when compared with para-carcinoma tissues(P<0.05).In addition,tumor size,tumor node mestastasis stage and differentiation were identified as being closely associated with HIF1 A-AS2 expression(P<0.05).Knockdown or overexpression of HIF1 A-AS2 either restrained or promoted the malignant phenotype and WNT/β-catenin signaling in renal carcinoma cells(P<0.05).Mi R-30 a-5 p was downregulated in renal cancers and partially reversed HIF1 A-AS2 functions in malignant renal tumor cells.HIF1 A-AS2 acted as a micro RNA sponge that actively regulated the relative expression of SOX4 in sponging miR-30 a-5 p and subsequently increased the malignant phenotypes of renal carcinomas.HIF1 A-AS2 showed a carcinogenic effect and miR-30 a-5 p acted as an antagonist of the anti-oncogene effects in the pathogenesis of renal carcinomas.Conclusions:The HIF1 A-AS2-miR-30 a-5 p-SOX4 axis was associated with the malignant progression and development of renal carcinoma.The relative expression of HIF1 A-AS2 was negatively correlated with the expression of miR-30 a-5 p,and was closely correlated with SOX4 mRNA levels in renal cancers.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)in bladder cancer.Methods:We enrolled healthy volunteers and patients who were clinically suspected to have bladder cancer and cond...Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)in bladder cancer.Methods:We enrolled healthy volunteers and patients who were clinically suspected to have bladder cancer and conducted FISH tests and cytology examinations from August 2007 to December 2008.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed and the area under curve(AUC)values were calculated for both the FISH and urine cytology tests.Results:A cohort of 988 healthy volunteers was enrolled to establish a reference range for the normal population.A total of 4807 patients with hematuria were prospectively,randomly enrolled for the simultaneous analysis of urine cytology,FISH testing,and a final diagnosis as determined by the pathologic findings of a biopsy or a surgically-excised specimen.Overall,the sensitivity of FISH in detecting transitional-cell carcinoma was 82.7%,while that of cytology was 33.4%(p<0.001).The sensitivity values of FISH for non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder transitional-cell carcinoma were 81.7%and 89.6%,respectively(p=0.004).The sensitivity values of FISH for low and high grade bladder cancer were 82.6%and 90.1%,respectively(p=0.002).Conclusion:FISH is significantly more sensitive than voided urine cytology for detecting bladder cancer in patients evaluated for gross hematuria at all cancer grades and stages.Higher sensitivity using FISH was obtained in high grade and muscle invasive tumors.展开更多
Recent studies suggested that LIM and SH3 protein 1(LASP-1)is a promising therapeutic target for renal cell cancer(RCC).This study aimed to explore the role of LASP-1 in RCC.For this purpose,LASP-1 expression in RCC t...Recent studies suggested that LIM and SH3 protein 1(LASP-1)is a promising therapeutic target for renal cell cancer(RCC).This study aimed to explore the role of LASP-1 in RCC.For this purpose,LASP-1 expression in RCC tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis.Cell proliferation,migration,invasion,and gene expression were detected by CCK-8 assay,Transwell assay,and Western blot analysis.The results showed that LASP-1 was highly expressed in RCC,and its expression level,t was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and tumor,nodes,and metastases(TNM)stage.The knockdown of LASP-1 expression significantly inhibited the proliferation of RCC cells,increased the apoptosis rate,and inhibited RCC cell invasion and migration by inhibiting epithelial–mesenchymal transition.We conclude that LASP-1 promotes RCC progression and metastasis and is a promising therapeutic target for RCC.展开更多
Objective:The aim of the study was to investigate the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of MMP-2(TIMP-2) mRNA in transitional cell carcinomas of bladder and discuss their clinical s...Objective:The aim of the study was to investigate the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of MMP-2(TIMP-2) mRNA in transitional cell carcinomas of bladder and discuss their clinical significances.Methods:Using RT-PCR and real time quantitative PCR(RQ-PCR) technique,the expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 mRNA of 45 cases of bladder carcinoma(tumor group) and 10 cases of normal bladder tissue(control group) were analyzed.Results:MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were not expressed in control group.MMP-2 was expressed in 30 cases tumor samples and TIMP-2 was expressed in 26 cases.The expression of MMP-2 mRNA in non-muscle invasive bladder cancers and grade I cancers was lower than that in muscle invasive bladder cancers and grades II-III cancers respectively.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The expression of MMP-2 in recurrent patients was higher than that in incipient patients.TIMP-2 mRNA expression decreased with grades and stage.The expression of TIMP-2 in non-muscle invasive bladder cancers and grade I cancers was higher than that in muscle invasive bladder cancers and grades II-III cancers respectively.There was statistical difference between two groups(P < 0.05).TIMP-2 expression in incipient patients was higher than that in recurrent patients,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).Conclusion:These results suggest that MMP-2 and TIMP-2 play an important role in the invasion step of transitional cell carcinoma of bladder.MMP-2 may become a new approach to the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma.展开更多
Objective: To establish an orthotopic bladder cancer model bearing human bladder cancer for experimental research, and monitor tumor progression by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: The mucosa was mechanicall...Objective: To establish an orthotopic bladder cancer model bearing human bladder cancer for experimental research, and monitor tumor progression by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: The mucosa was mechanically damaged transurethrally under direct vision, and then human bladder cancer cell line T24 was inoculated into the bladders of BALB/c nude mice to establish orthotopic bladder cancer model. To find a suitable concentration of Gd-DTPA for this re- search. MRI was performed weekly to assess tumor growth, using Gd-DTPA as contrast agent. The pathologic morphology of the bladders and other specimens were observed with HE stain. Results: All the 25 mice developed bladder cancer after inoculation. The best concentration of Gd-DTPA was 1.408 mg/mL. On MRI, no change in the bladders was observed on day 7 after inoculation, filling defect in the bladders, accordant to actual tumor size, was detected on days 14, 21 and 28. Pathologic examination showed that tumor grew in the mucosa or superficial muscle of bladder on day 7, confined in muscle layer on days 14–28, and invaded serosa on day 35. Conclusion: Transurethrally damaged bladder mucosa under direct vision and instilled bladder cancer cell T24, we successfully established an orthotopic bladder cancer model. Tumor growth simulated the progression of human bladder cancer approximately. MRI was a reliable way for dynamic detection of murine orthotopic bladder tumor.展开更多
With the development of aggregation-induced emission(AIE)materials,the draw-backs of conventionalfluorescence materials subjected to aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)have been resolved.This has allowed for the improvem...With the development of aggregation-induced emission(AIE)materials,the draw-backs of conventionalfluorescence materials subjected to aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)have been resolved.This has allowed for the improvement of novel AIEfluorescent materials that exhibit enhanced photostability,a higher signal-to-noise ratio,and better imaging quality.Meanwhile,the enhanced phototherapeutic effect of AIE materials has garnered widespread attention in the realm of tumor treatment.The distinct physiological and anatomical characteristics of the urinary system make it suitable for the use of AIE materials.Additionally,AIE-based pho-totherapy provides a superior solution to deal with the weaknesses of conventional treatments for urologic neoplasms.In this review,the scientific advancement on the use of AIE materials in urinary system diseases since the emergence of the AIE con-cept is reviewed in detail.The review highlights the promise of AIE materials for biomarkers detection,fluorescence imaging(FLI)in vivo and in vitro,AIE-based phototherapy,and synergistic therapy from both diagnostic and therapeutic view-points.It isfirmly believed that AIE materials hold immense untapped potential for the diagnosis and treatment of urologic disease,as well as all diseases of the human body.展开更多
基金supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University scheme of the Ministry of Education of China(NO.IRT1111)the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB518300)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81101946)the Shanghai Pujiang Program(12PJD008)Prostate Cancer Foundation Young Investigator Award,Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission Outstanding Young Investigator(XYQ2013077).
文摘The incidence of prostate cancer(PCa)within Asian population used to be much lower than in the Western population;however,in recent years the incidence and mortality rate of PCa in some Asian countries have grown rapidly.This collaborative report summarized the latest epidemiology information,risk factors,and racial differences in PCa diagnosis,current status and new trends in surgery management and novel agents for castration-resistant prostate cancer.We believe such information would be helpful in clinical decision making for urologists and oncologists,health-care ministries and medical researchers.
文摘Objective:To test the diagnostic performance of percent free prostate-specific antigen(%fPSA)in predicting any prostate cancer(PCa)and high-grade prostate cancer(HGPCa)in a retrospective multi-center biopsy cohort with a PSA level of 4.0e10.0 ng/mL in China.Methods:Consecutive patients with a PSA of 4.0-10.0 ng/mL who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy were enrolled at 16 Chinese medical centers from January 1st,2010 to December 31st,2013.Total and free serum PSA determinations were performed using three types of electro-chemiluminescence immunoassays recalibrated to the World Health Organization(WHO)standard.The diagnostic accuracy of PSA,%fPSA,and %fPSA in combination with PSA(%fPSA t PSA)was determined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC).Results:A total of 2310 consecutive men with PSA levels between 4.0 and 10.0 ng/mL were included,and the detection rate of PCa was 25.1%.The AUC of%fPSA and %fPSA t PSA in predicting any PCa was superior to PSA alone in men aged≥60 years(0.623 vs.0.534,p<0.0001)but not in men aged 40e59 years(0.517 vs.0.518,p=0.939).Similar result was yield in predicting HGPCa.Conclusion:In a clinical setting of Chinese men with 4.0e10.0 ng/mL PSA undergoing initial prostate biopsy,adding %fPSA to PSA can moderately improve the diagnostic accuracy for any PCa and HGPCa compared with PSA alone in patients≥60 but not in patients aged 40-59 years.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Grant Nos.81702511,81472401,81772708,and 2016YFA0201204)the Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline(Grant No.ZDXKA2016012)+1 种基金the Clinical Medicine Center of Suzhou(Grant No.SZZXJ201501)programs for Recruitment of Clinical Medical Top Team of Suzhou。
文摘Objective:Several reports have proposed that lnc RNAs,as potential biomarkers,participate in the progression and growth of malignant tumors.HIF1 A-AS2 is a novel lnc RNA and potential biomarker,involved in the genesis and development of carcinomas.However,the molecular mechanism of HIF1 A-AS2 in renal carcinoma is unclear.Methods:The relative expression levels of HIF1 A-AS2 and miR-30 a-5 p were detected using RT-qPCR in renal carcinoma tissues and cell lines.Using loss-of-function and overexpression,the biological effects of HIF1 A-AS2 and miR-30 a-5 p in kidney carcinoma progression were characterized.Dual luciferase reporter gene analysis and Western blot were used to detect the potential mechanism of HIF1 A-AS2 in renal carcinomas.Results:HIF1 A-AS2 was upregulated in kidney carcinoma tissues when compared with para-carcinoma tissues(P<0.05).In addition,tumor size,tumor node mestastasis stage and differentiation were identified as being closely associated with HIF1 A-AS2 expression(P<0.05).Knockdown or overexpression of HIF1 A-AS2 either restrained or promoted the malignant phenotype and WNT/β-catenin signaling in renal carcinoma cells(P<0.05).Mi R-30 a-5 p was downregulated in renal cancers and partially reversed HIF1 A-AS2 functions in malignant renal tumor cells.HIF1 A-AS2 acted as a micro RNA sponge that actively regulated the relative expression of SOX4 in sponging miR-30 a-5 p and subsequently increased the malignant phenotypes of renal carcinomas.HIF1 A-AS2 showed a carcinogenic effect and miR-30 a-5 p acted as an antagonist of the anti-oncogene effects in the pathogenesis of renal carcinomas.Conclusions:The HIF1 A-AS2-miR-30 a-5 p-SOX4 axis was associated with the malignant progression and development of renal carcinoma.The relative expression of HIF1 A-AS2 was negatively correlated with the expression of miR-30 a-5 p,and was closely correlated with SOX4 mRNA levels in renal cancers.
基金This clinical research was funded by the Ministry of Health People’s Republic of China(No.WKJ2007-3-001).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)in bladder cancer.Methods:We enrolled healthy volunteers and patients who were clinically suspected to have bladder cancer and conducted FISH tests and cytology examinations from August 2007 to December 2008.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed and the area under curve(AUC)values were calculated for both the FISH and urine cytology tests.Results:A cohort of 988 healthy volunteers was enrolled to establish a reference range for the normal population.A total of 4807 patients with hematuria were prospectively,randomly enrolled for the simultaneous analysis of urine cytology,FISH testing,and a final diagnosis as determined by the pathologic findings of a biopsy or a surgically-excised specimen.Overall,the sensitivity of FISH in detecting transitional-cell carcinoma was 82.7%,while that of cytology was 33.4%(p<0.001).The sensitivity values of FISH for non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder transitional-cell carcinoma were 81.7%and 89.6%,respectively(p=0.004).The sensitivity values of FISH for low and high grade bladder cancer were 82.6%and 90.1%,respectively(p=0.002).Conclusion:FISH is significantly more sensitive than voided urine cytology for detecting bladder cancer in patients evaluated for gross hematuria at all cancer grades and stages.Higher sensitivity using FISH was obtained in high grade and muscle invasive tumors.
基金Xuzhou Science and Technology Bureau Project(KC16SH012).
文摘Recent studies suggested that LIM and SH3 protein 1(LASP-1)is a promising therapeutic target for renal cell cancer(RCC).This study aimed to explore the role of LASP-1 in RCC.For this purpose,LASP-1 expression in RCC tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis.Cell proliferation,migration,invasion,and gene expression were detected by CCK-8 assay,Transwell assay,and Western blot analysis.The results showed that LASP-1 was highly expressed in RCC,and its expression level,t was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and tumor,nodes,and metastases(TNM)stage.The knockdown of LASP-1 expression significantly inhibited the proliferation of RCC cells,increased the apoptosis rate,and inhibited RCC cell invasion and migration by inhibiting epithelial–mesenchymal transition.We conclude that LASP-1 promotes RCC progression and metastasis and is a promising therapeutic target for RCC.
文摘Objective:The aim of the study was to investigate the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of MMP-2(TIMP-2) mRNA in transitional cell carcinomas of bladder and discuss their clinical significances.Methods:Using RT-PCR and real time quantitative PCR(RQ-PCR) technique,the expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 mRNA of 45 cases of bladder carcinoma(tumor group) and 10 cases of normal bladder tissue(control group) were analyzed.Results:MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were not expressed in control group.MMP-2 was expressed in 30 cases tumor samples and TIMP-2 was expressed in 26 cases.The expression of MMP-2 mRNA in non-muscle invasive bladder cancers and grade I cancers was lower than that in muscle invasive bladder cancers and grades II-III cancers respectively.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The expression of MMP-2 in recurrent patients was higher than that in incipient patients.TIMP-2 mRNA expression decreased with grades and stage.The expression of TIMP-2 in non-muscle invasive bladder cancers and grade I cancers was higher than that in muscle invasive bladder cancers and grades II-III cancers respectively.There was statistical difference between two groups(P < 0.05).TIMP-2 expression in incipient patients was higher than that in recurrent patients,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).Conclusion:These results suggest that MMP-2 and TIMP-2 play an important role in the invasion step of transitional cell carcinoma of bladder.MMP-2 may become a new approach to the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma.
基金Supported by the grants from the Talented Scholar Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. RC2003094)the Sci-Tech research Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. H200517)"The Six Talent Peak" Project Foundation of Jiangsu Province (06-B-021)
文摘Objective: To establish an orthotopic bladder cancer model bearing human bladder cancer for experimental research, and monitor tumor progression by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: The mucosa was mechanically damaged transurethrally under direct vision, and then human bladder cancer cell line T24 was inoculated into the bladders of BALB/c nude mice to establish orthotopic bladder cancer model. To find a suitable concentration of Gd-DTPA for this re- search. MRI was performed weekly to assess tumor growth, using Gd-DTPA as contrast agent. The pathologic morphology of the bladders and other specimens were observed with HE stain. Results: All the 25 mice developed bladder cancer after inoculation. The best concentration of Gd-DTPA was 1.408 mg/mL. On MRI, no change in the bladders was observed on day 7 after inoculation, filling defect in the bladders, accordant to actual tumor size, was detected on days 14, 21 and 28. Pathologic examination showed that tumor grew in the mucosa or superficial muscle of bladder on day 7, confined in muscle layer on days 14–28, and invaded serosa on day 35. Conclusion: Transurethrally damaged bladder mucosa under direct vision and instilled bladder cancer cell T24, we successfully established an orthotopic bladder cancer model. Tumor growth simulated the progression of human bladder cancer approximately. MRI was a reliable way for dynamic detection of murine orthotopic bladder tumor.
基金Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program,Grant/Award Numbers:BE2020655,BE2020654General Program of Jiangsu Health Commission,Grant/Award Number:H2019040Gusu Health Personnel Training Project of Suzhou City,Grant/Award Number:GSWS2019033。
文摘With the development of aggregation-induced emission(AIE)materials,the draw-backs of conventionalfluorescence materials subjected to aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)have been resolved.This has allowed for the improvement of novel AIEfluorescent materials that exhibit enhanced photostability,a higher signal-to-noise ratio,and better imaging quality.Meanwhile,the enhanced phototherapeutic effect of AIE materials has garnered widespread attention in the realm of tumor treatment.The distinct physiological and anatomical characteristics of the urinary system make it suitable for the use of AIE materials.Additionally,AIE-based pho-totherapy provides a superior solution to deal with the weaknesses of conventional treatments for urologic neoplasms.In this review,the scientific advancement on the use of AIE materials in urinary system diseases since the emergence of the AIE con-cept is reviewed in detail.The review highlights the promise of AIE materials for biomarkers detection,fluorescence imaging(FLI)in vivo and in vitro,AIE-based phototherapy,and synergistic therapy from both diagnostic and therapeutic view-points.It isfirmly believed that AIE materials hold immense untapped potential for the diagnosis and treatment of urologic disease,as well as all diseases of the human body.