Cotton fiber is one of the main raw materials for the textile industry.In recent years,many cotton fiber quality QTL have been identified,but few were applied in breeding.In this study,a genome wide association study(...Cotton fiber is one of the main raw materials for the textile industry.In recent years,many cotton fiber quality QTL have been identified,but few were applied in breeding.In this study,a genome wide association study(GWAS)of fiber-quality traits in 265 upland cotton breeding intermediate lines(GhBreeding),combined with genome-wide selective sweep analysis(GSSA)and genomic selection(GS),revealed 25 QTL.Most of these QTL were ignored by only using GWAS.The CRISPR/Cas9 mutants of GhMYB_D13 had shorter fiber,which indicates the credibility of QTL to a certain extent.Then these QTL were verified in other cotton natural populations,5 stable QTL were found having broad potential for application in breeding.Additionally,among these 5 stable QTL,superior genotypes of 4 showed an enrichment in most improved new varieties widely cultivated currently.These findings provide insights for how to identify more QTL through combined multiple genomic analysis to apply in breeding.展开更多
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma continues to heavily burden clinicians worldwide. Researchers have discovered the genomic landscape of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which holds promise for an era of personali...Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma continues to heavily burden clinicians worldwide. Researchers have discovered the genomic landscape of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which holds promise for an era of personalized oncology care. One of the most pressing problems facing this issue is to improve the understanding of the newly available genomic data, and identify the driver-gene mutations, pathways, and networks. The emergence of a legion of novel targeted agents has generated much hope and hype regarding more potent treatment regimens, but the accuracy of drug selection is still arguable. Other problems, such as cancer heterogeneity, drug resistance, exceptional responders, and side effects, have to be surmounted. Evolving topics in personalized oncology, such as interpretation of genomics data, issues in targeted therapy, research approaches for targeted therapy, and future perspectives, will be discussed in this editorial.展开更多
Tea represents an abundant source of naturally occurring polyphenols.Tea polyphenols(TPs)have received growing attentions for its wide consumption in the world,and more importantly its pleiotropic bioeffects for human...Tea represents an abundant source of naturally occurring polyphenols.Tea polyphenols(TPs)have received growing attentions for its wide consumption in the world,and more importantly its pleiotropic bioeffects for human health.After ingestion,TPs may undergo absorption and phase II reaction in the small intestine,and most undigested proportion would be submitted to the colon to interact with gut microbiota.Interactions between gut microbiota and TPs are bidirectional,including not only bacteria-mediated TPs metabolism,e.g.,removal of gallic acid moiety and ring fission to release phenolic acid catabolites,but also TPs-based modification of bacterial profiles.Crosstalk between TPs and gut microbes may benefit for gut barrier function,for example,improvement of the intestinal permeability to alleviate inflammation.Moreover,by reshaping microbial composition and associated metabolites,TPs may exert a systemic protection on host metabolism,which contributes to improve certain chronic metabolic disorders.Given that,further understanding of the metabolic fate of TPs and interplay with gut microbiota as well as potential health-promoting effects are of great significance to development and application of tea and their polyphenolic components in the future as dietary supplements and/or functional ingredients in medical foods.展开更多
Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)is an important fiber crop worldwide.Insect attack causes cotton yield and quality losses.However,little is known about the mechanism of cotton response to insect attack.We simulated insect f...Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)is an important fiber crop worldwide.Insect attack causes cotton yield and quality losses.However,little is known about the mechanism of cotton response to insect attack.We simulated insect feeding by applying insect oral secretions(OS)to wounds,and combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis to investigate how OS from two major pest species(Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura)affect cotton defense responses.We found that respectively 12,668 and 13,379 genes were differentially expressed in comparison with wounding alone.On addition of OS,the jasmonic acid signaling pathway was rapidly and strongly induced,whereas genes involved in salicylic acid biosynthesis were downregulated.On constructing a coexpression gene network,we identified a hub gene encoding a leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase that may play an important role in early signal recognition and transduction.OS from the two insect species altered the abundance of flavonoid-related compounds in different patterns.Gossypol remained in lower concentration after OS application than after wounding alone,suggesting a suppressive effect of OS on cotton defense response.This study illustrated transcriptional and metabolic changes of cotton in responding to OS from two chewing insect species,identified potential key response genes,and revealed evidence for OS inhibition of wounding-induced cotton defense response.展开更多
Camellia sinensis(tea),one of the most popular commercial crops,is commonly applied in all parts of the world.The main active ingredients of tea include polyphenols,alkaloids,polysaccharides,amino acids,aroma and vola...Camellia sinensis(tea),one of the most popular commercial crops,is commonly applied in all parts of the world.The main active ingredients of tea include polyphenols,alkaloids,polysaccharides,amino acids,aroma and volatile constitutes,all of which are potentially responsible for the activities of tea.Stem cells(SCs)are the immature and undifferentiated cells by a varying capacity for proliferation,self-renewal and the capability to differentiate into one or more different derivatives with specialized function or maintain their stem cell phenotype.Herein,a thorough review is conducted of the functional mechanism on SCs by tea bioactive compounds.展开更多
A large number of studies have demonstrated that depression patients have cognitive dysfunction. With recently developed brain functional imaging, studies have focused on changes in brain function to investigate cogni...A large number of studies have demonstrated that depression patients have cognitive dysfunction. With recently developed brain functional imaging, studies have focused on changes in brain function to investigate cognitive changes. However, there is still controversy regarding abnormalities in brain functions or correlation between cognitive impairment and brain function changes. Thus, it is important to design an emotion-related task for research into brain function changes. We selected positive, neutral, and negative pictures from the International Affective Picture System. Patients with major depressive disorder were asked to judge emotion pictures. In addition, functional MRI was performed to synchronously record behavior data and imaging data. Results showed that the total correct rate for recognizing pictures was lower in patients compared with normal controls. Moreover, the consistency for recognizing pictures for depressed patients was worse than normal controls, and they frequently recognized positive pictures as negative pictures. The consistency for recognizing pictures was negatively correlated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Functional MRI suggested that the activation of some areas in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, limbic lobe, and cerebellum was enhanced, but that the activation of some areas in the frontal lobe, parietal lobe and occipital lobe was weakened while the patients were watching positive and neutral pictures compared with normal controls. The activation of some areas in the frontal lobe temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and limbic lobe was enhanced, but the activation of some areas in the occipital lobe were weakened while the patients were watching the negative pictures compared with normal controls. These findings indicate that patients with major depressive disorder have negative cognitive disorder and extensive brain dysfunction. Thus, reduced activation of the occipital lobe may be an initiating factor for cognitive disorder in depressed patients.展开更多
Genes encoding reporter proteins are used as visual marker-assisted tools in genetic transformation as well as plant breeding. In this study, the red fluorescent protein identified in Discosoma sp. coral(DsRed2) was s...Genes encoding reporter proteins are used as visual marker-assisted tools in genetic transformation as well as plant breeding. In this study, the red fluorescent protein identified in Discosoma sp. coral(DsRed2) was successfully used as a visual marker for cotton genetic engineering. DsRed2 was successfully expressed in two cotton cultivars,JIN668 and YZ1, driven by the Ca MV-35 S promoter via the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Our results suggest that DsRed2 expression provides an early-stage selection tool for the transgenic calli via visual observation. Red fluorescence can be detected not only in callus and somatic embryos but also in most tissues and organs of mature plants. The transgenic line Yz-2-DsRed2 was crossed with four different cotton cultivars to assess the transgene heritability and stability in different genetic backgrounds.The heritability of the red color was highly stable when Yz-2-DsRed2 was used as a male parent. The DsRed2 gene expressed 100% in the F_1 hybrids. To investigate the relationship between DsRed2 transcription and DNA methylation, a methylation-specific PCR approach was applied to the Ca MV-35 S promoter region. The results showed a negative association between DNA methylation level in the promoter region and the transgene transcription.Taken together, these findings suggest DsRed2 a visual reporter gene for cotton genetic transformation and molecular breeding programs.展开更多
Green tea and its bioactive components possess many health-promoting and disease-preventing benefits,especially anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,anticancer,and metabolic modulation effects with multi-target modes of acti...Green tea and its bioactive components possess many health-promoting and disease-preventing benefits,especially anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,anticancer,and metabolic modulation effects with multi-target modes of action.In contrast,the effects and mechanisms of tea and its components on the immune system are rarely reviewed.The study aimed to review the most potent compounds in tea that affect the immune systems and mechanisms associated with it.As a result of in vitro studies,animal models,and human trials,researchers have found that green tea extracts and compounds have the possibility of modulating the innate immune system,adaptive immune system,and intestinal immune system.In immune-related diseases,tea polyphenols are the most significant compounds that modify immune functions,though other compounds are being investigated and cannot be ruled out.The review provides a new perspective on how the immune-regulatory effects of tea and its components are exerted on immune systems,as well as how they affect the emergence and treatment of diseases.展开更多
Centromere positioning and organization are crucial for genome evolution;however,research on centro-mere biology is largely influenced by the quality of available genome assemblies.Here,we combined Oxford Nanopore and...Centromere positioning and organization are crucial for genome evolution;however,research on centro-mere biology is largely influenced by the quality of available genome assemblies.Here,we combined Oxford Nanopore and Pacific Biosciences technologies to de novo assemble two high-quality reference genomes for Gossypium hirsutum(TM-1)and Gossypium barbadense(3-79).Compared with previously published reference genomes,our assemblies show substantial improvements,with the contig N50 improved by 4.6-fold and 5.6-fold,respectively,and thus represent the most complete cotton genomes to date.These high-quality reference genomes enable us to characterize 14 and 5 complete centromeric regions for G.hirsutum and G.barbadense,respectively.Our data revealed that the centromeres of allotetraploid cotton are occupied by members of the centromeric repeat for maize(CRM)and Tekay long terminal repeat families,and the CRM family reshapes the centromere structure of the At subgenome after polyploidization.These two intertwined families have driven the convergent evolution of centromeres between the two subgenomes,ensuring centromere function and genome stability.In addition,the reposi-tioning and high sequence divergence of centromeres between G.hirsutum and G.barbadense have contributed to speciation and centromere diversity.This study sheds light on centromere evolution in a sig-nificant crop and provides an alternative approach for exploring the evolution of polyploid plants.展开更多
During June-July 2020,the strongest recorded mei-yu rainfall occurred in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The rainfall processes exhibited an obvious quasi-biweekly(biweekly in brief)variability,and t...During June-July 2020,the strongest recorded mei-yu rainfall occurred in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The rainfall processes exhibited an obvious quasi-biweekly(biweekly in brief)variability,and there are altogether five cycles.It is found that the biweekly rainfall cycle mainly arises from the collaborative effects of biweekly variabilities from both the tropics and extratropics.As for the tropics,the biweekly meridional march and retreat of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH)is particularly evident.As for the extratropics,geopotential height anomalies near Lake Baikal are active.The former is attributed to the intensified biweekly activity of the southwest-northeast oriented EastAsian Pacific wave train(EAP)originating from the tropical western Pacific,while the latter is associated with the biweekly activities of the eastward propagating Eurasia mid-high latitudinal wave train and the westward propagating North Pacific wave train.Why the biweekly activities of these wave trains intensified is further diagnosed from the perspective of thermodynamical forcing and also from the modulation of interannual background on intraseasonal variability.It is found that the strongest recorded convection anchoring over the tropical western Indian Ocean(IO)triggers anomalous descent over the tropical western Pacific,which modulates the biweekly activity of the EAP.Meanwhile,the anomalous diabatic heating over the IO causes changes of the meridional thermodynamic contrast across the IO to the high latitudes,which modulates the extratropical wave trains.A further diagnosis of barotropic kinetic energy conversion suggests that the active occurrence of two extratropical biweekly wave trains is attributed to the increased efficiency of energy conversion from basic flow.The westward propagation of the extratropical North Pacific wave train is attributed to the weakened and northshifted upper-level westerly,which is caused by the SST warmth near the Kuroshio extension.展开更多
Based on the annual sample data on food production in China since the reform and opening up,we select 8 main factors influencing the total food production( growing area,application rate of chemical fertilizer,effectiv...Based on the annual sample data on food production in China since the reform and opening up,we select 8 main factors influencing the total food production( growing area,application rate of chemical fertilizer,effective irrigation area,the affected area,total machinery power,food production cost index,food production price index,financial funds for supporting agriculture,farmers and countryside),and put them into categories of material input,resources and environment,and policy factors. Using the factor analysis,we carry out the multi-angle analysis of these typical influencing factors one by one through the time series trend chart. It is found that application rate of chemical fertilizer,the growing area of food crops and drought-affected area become the key factors affecting food production. On this basis,we set forth the corresponding recommendations for improving the comprehensive food production capacity.展开更多
Highly stable ZnO varistor ceramics with steadily decreasing power loss have been put into applications in electrical and electronic systems for overvoltage protections, even with the absence of general understandings...Highly stable ZnO varistor ceramics with steadily decreasing power loss have been put into applications in electrical and electronic systems for overvoltage protections, even with the absence of general understandings on their aging behaviors. In this paper, we investigated their aging nature via conducting comparative direct current (DC) aging experiments both in air and in nitrogen, during which variations of electrical properties and interface properties were measured and analyzed. Notably, continuously increasing power loss with severe electrical degradation was observed for the sample aged in nitrogen. The power loss transition was discovered to be closely related to the consumption of oxygen adsorption at the grain boundary (GB), which could, however, remain constant for the sample aged in air. The interface density of states (DOS) Ni, which is crucial for pinning the potential barrier, was proved to decrease in nitrogen, but keep stable in air. Therefore, it is concluded that the oxygen adsorption at the GB is significant for the stability of interface states, which further correlates to the long-term stability of modern stable ZnO varistor ceramics.展开更多
A concise kinetic model catering for the antioxidant reaction of thermally aged crosslinked polyethylene(XLPE)cable insulation before its abrupt performance deterioration is proposed for life prediction and condition ...A concise kinetic model catering for the antioxidant reaction of thermally aged crosslinked polyethylene(XLPE)cable insulation before its abrupt performance deterioration is proposed for life prediction and condition assessment.The alternating current breakdown strength,elongation at break,carbonyl index,and pyrolysis activation energy of XLPE insulation are found to consistently display an abrupt change at a certain point of ageing time.This is strongly correlated to the depletion of the antioxidant whose content gradually decreases with ageing time and drops to a critical value,after which the abrupt degradation of the above macroscopic performances happens.Based on the simplified chain reactions of XLPE during thermal-oxidative ageing,a concise kinetic model about antioxidant prediction is accordingly established by solving the chemical kinetics equations.It indicates that the antioxidant content decays with the reciprocal of time before the abrupt degradation occurs.Results of antioxidant content predicted by the kinetic model at different temperatures matches well with the experimental results,and its reliability can also be proved by the Arrhenius relationship of the obtained results.The kinetic model proposed herein demonstrates satisfying conciseness and thus can be highly feasible in ageing condition assessment and life predicting of XLPE insulation.展开更多
The aim of this study was to explore the differences between boys and girls in the diagnosis and clinical phenotypes of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in China's mainland. Children diagnosed with ASD(n = 1064, 228 ...The aim of this study was to explore the differences between boys and girls in the diagnosis and clinical phenotypes of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in China's mainland. Children diagnosed with ASD(n = 1064, 228 females) were retrospectively included in the analysis. All children were assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised(ADI-R) and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule(ADOS). The results showed that girls scored significantly higher in ADI-R socioemotional reciprocity than boys, and also scored lower in ADI-R and ADOS restricted and repetitive behaviors(RRBs). Meanwhile, the proportions of girls who satisfied the diagnostic cut-off scores in the ADI-R RRBs domain were lower than in boys(P / 0.05). Our results indicated that girls with ASD show greater socio-emotional reciprocity than boys. Girls also tended to show fewer RRBs than boys, and the type of RRBs in girls differ from those in boys. The ADI-R was found to be less sensitive in girls, particularly for assessment in the RRBs domain.展开更多
Background:The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has put radiologists at a higher risk of infection during the computer tomography(CT)examination for the patients.To help settling these problems,we ad...Background:The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has put radiologists at a higher risk of infection during the computer tomography(CT)examination for the patients.To help settling these problems,we adopted a remote-enabled and automated contactless imaging workflow for CT examination by the combination of intelligent guided robot and automatic positioning technology to reduce the potential exposure of radiologists to 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)infection and to increase the examination efficiency,patient scanning accuracy and better image quality in chest CT imaging.Methods:From February 10 to April 12,2020,adult COVID-19 patients underwent chest CT examinations on a CT scanner using the same scan protocol except with the conventional imaging workflow(CW group)or an automatic contactless imaging workflow(AW group)in Wuhan Leishenshan Hospital(China)were retrospectively and prospectively enrolled in this study.The total examination time in two groups was recorded and compared.The patient compliance of breath holding,positioning accuracy,image noise and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)were assessed by three experienced radiologists and compared between the two groups.Results:Compared with the CW group,the total positioning time of the AW group was reduced((118.0±20.0)s vs.(129.0±29.0)s,P=0.001),the proportion of scanning accuracy was higher(98%vs.93%),and the lung length had a significant difference((0.90±1.24)cm vs.(1.16±1.49)cm,P=0.009).For the lesions located in the pulmonary centrilobular and subpleural regions,the image noise in the AW group was significantly lower than that in the CW group(centrilobular region:(140.4±78.6)HU vs.(153.8±72.7)HU,P=0.028;subpleural region:(140.6±80.8)HU vs.(159.4±82.7)HU,P=0.010).For the lesions located in the peripheral,centrilobular and subpleural regions,SNR was significantly higher in the AW group than in the CW group(centrilobular region:6.6±4.3 vs.4.9±3.7,P=0.006;subpleural region:6.4±4.4 vs.4.8±4.0,P<0.001).Conclusions:The automatic contactless imaging workflow using intelligent guided robot and automatic posi-tioning technology allows for reducing the examination time and improving the patient’s compliance of breath holding,positioning accuracy and image quality in chest CT imaging.展开更多
Cotton is an irreplaceable economic crop currently domesticated in the human world for its extremely elongated fiber cells specialized in seed epidermis,which makes it of high research and application value.To date,nu...Cotton is an irreplaceable economic crop currently domesticated in the human world for its extremely elongated fiber cells specialized in seed epidermis,which makes it of high research and application value.To date,numerous research on cotton has navigated various aspects,from multi-genome assembly,genome editing,mechanism of fiber development,metabolite biosynthesis,and analysis to genetic breeding.Genomic and 3D genomic studies reveal the origin of cotton species and the spatiotemporal asymmetric chromatin structure in fibers.Mature multiple genome editing systems,such as CRISPR/Cas9,Cas12(Cpf1)and cytidine base editing(CBE),have been widely used in the study of candidate genes affecting fiber development.Based on this,the cotton fiber cell development network has been preliminarily drawn.Among them,the MYB-b HLH-WDR(MBW)transcription factor complex and IAA and BR signaling pathway regulate the initiation;various plant hormones,including ethylene,mediated regulatory network and membrane protein overlap fine-regulate elongation.Multistage transcription factors targeting Ces A 4,7,and 8 specifically dominate the whole process of secondary cell wall thickening.And fluorescently labeled cytoskeletal proteins can observe real-time dynamic changes in fiber development.Furthermore,research on the synthesis of cotton secondary metabolite gossypol,resistance to diseases and insect pests,plant architecture regulation,and seed oil utilization are all conducive to finding more high-quality breeding-related genes and subsequently facilitating the cultivation of better cotton varieties.This review summarizes the paramount research achievements in cotton molecular biology over the last few decades from the above aspects,thereby enabling us to conduct a status review on the current studies of cotton and provide strong theoretical support for the future direction.展开更多
To ensure the power system operates safely and reliably,it is essential to monitor and evaluate the health condition of power equipment on-line or off-line.This study reviews the research status in condition monitorin...To ensure the power system operates safely and reliably,it is essential to monitor and evaluate the health condition of power equipment on-line or off-line.This study reviews the research status in condition monitoring and diagnosis of power equipment,including transformer,gas insulated switchgear,cable,external insulation,generator,and power capacitor in recent years.Although much progress has been made in technologies of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis such as test accuracy,fast and accurate fault localisation and recognition of fault types,there are still many deficiencies which needs further research work,including the reliability of signal collection from sensors,the accuracy of data treatment and analysis,anti-interference performance of test equipment,appropriate models used for condition evaluation.The prospective of condition monitoring and diagnosis technologies of power equipment are also presented in this study.It is proposed that the application of big data,internet of things and cloud computing should be expected and given special attention in the near future.展开更多
Element doping is an effective method to improve the performance of ZnO varistors.Previous studies mainly focused on the variation of microstructures and Schottky barriers.In this study,the effects of Co dopant on ele...Element doping is an effective method to improve the performance of ZnO varistors.Previous studies mainly focused on the variation of microstructures and Schottky barriers.In this study,the effects of Co dopant on electrical properties are investigated from the aspect of multiscale defect structures,including intrinsic point defects,the heterogeneous interface of depletion/intergranular layers,and interface states at grain boundaries.Combining with analysis of phase composition and energy dispersive spectroscopy,it is found that Co tends to dissolve into ZnO grains when slightly doped.It substitutes Zn2+with the same valence and affects little on densities of donors.Segregation of Co at grain boundaries would result in the formation of spinel phase Co(Co4/3Sb2/3)O4 and transformation of the intergranular phase fromα-Bi2O3 toδ-Bi2O3.Meanwhile,densities of point defects are indirectly affected by oxygen ambient during sintering,resulting in abnormal variation of grain resistivity.And interface states are enhanced,leading to improved barriers at grain boundaries.Therefore,reduced leakage current,enhanced grain resistivity,and improved non-linear coefficient in Co-doped ZnO varistor blocks are understood from the underlying multiple defect structures.This presents a potential approach to explore short-term performance and long-term stability of ZnO varistors from the aspect of defect responses.展开更多
Background:Schizophrenia(SCZ)is a complex psychiatric disorder associated with widespread alterations in the subcortical brain structure.Hemispheric asymmetries are a fundamental organizational principle of the human ...Background:Schizophrenia(SCZ)is a complex psychiatric disorder associated with widespread alterations in the subcortical brain structure.Hemispheric asymmetries are a fundamental organizational principle of the human brain and relate to human psychological and behavioral characteristics.We aimed to explore the state of thalamic lateralization of SCZ.Methods:We used voxel-based morphometry(VBM)analysis,whole-brain analysis of low-frequency fluctuations(ALFF),fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(fALFF),and resting-state seed-based functional connectivity(FC)analysis to investigate brain structural and functional deficits in SCZ.Also,we applied Pearson’’s correlation analysis to validate the correlation between Positive and Negative Symptom Scale(PANSS)scores and them.Results:Compared with healthy controls,SCZ showed increased gray matter volume(GMV)of the left thalamus(t=2.214,p=0.029),which positively correlated with general psychosis(r=0.423,p=0.010).SCZ also showed increased ALFF in the putamen,the caudate nucleus,the thalamus,fALFF in the nucleus accumbens(NAc),and the caudate nucleus,and decreased fALFF in the precuneus.The left thalamus showed significantly weaker resting-state FC with the amygdala and insula in SCZ.PANSS negative symptom scores were negatively correlated with the resting-state FC between the thalamus and the insula(r=-0.414,p=0.025).Conclusions:Collectively,these results suggest the possibility of aberrant laterality in the left thalamus and its FC with other related brain regions involved in the limbic system.展开更多
The direct bonding copper(DBC)substrates of insulated gate bipolar transistor(IGBT)modules degrade inevitably under cycling thermo‐mechanical stress,causing potential threat to the reliability of IGBT modules.However...The direct bonding copper(DBC)substrates of insulated gate bipolar transistor(IGBT)modules degrade inevitably under cycling thermo‐mechanical stress,causing potential threat to the reliability of IGBT modules.However,little attention has been paid to monitoring their degradation.This paper proposes a DBC degradation monitoring method for IGBT modules,which combines boundary‐dependent thermal network and feedback control.A thermal network is employed to describe the internal material degradation of IGBT modules and can be extracted from a finite‐element method model.The boundary conditions including power losses and DBC degradation are considered,enabling the thermal network suitable for various working conditions and different DBC degradation conditions of IGBT modules.The DBC degradation is characterised by its equivalent thermal conductivities measured in the thermal cycling ageing experiments.On the basis of the boundary‐dependent thermal network,feedback control is applied to monitor DBC degradation by regulating boundary‐dependent thermal impedances.Finally,the proposed model is verified from the effectiveness and accuracy of DBC degradation monitoring and junction temperature calculation.This method casts new light on thermal network modelling and could provide a feasible method for the monitoring of DBC degradation.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1001400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31830062 and 32172071)+1 种基金Innovation and Application of Superior Crop Germplasm Resources of Shihezi(2021NY01)Breeding of New Cotton Varieties and Application of Transgenic Breeding Technology(2022NY01)。
文摘Cotton fiber is one of the main raw materials for the textile industry.In recent years,many cotton fiber quality QTL have been identified,but few were applied in breeding.In this study,a genome wide association study(GWAS)of fiber-quality traits in 265 upland cotton breeding intermediate lines(GhBreeding),combined with genome-wide selective sweep analysis(GSSA)and genomic selection(GS),revealed 25 QTL.Most of these QTL were ignored by only using GWAS.The CRISPR/Cas9 mutants of GhMYB_D13 had shorter fiber,which indicates the credibility of QTL to a certain extent.Then these QTL were verified in other cotton natural populations,5 stable QTL were found having broad potential for application in breeding.Additionally,among these 5 stable QTL,superior genotypes of 4 showed an enrichment in most improved new varieties widely cultivated currently.These findings provide insights for how to identify more QTL through combined multiple genomic analysis to apply in breeding.
基金Supported by Grants from Beijing Academic Leaders Program,NO.2009-2-17Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.7102029+5 种基金Capital Medical Developed Research Fund,No.2007-1023New Scholar Star Program of Ministry of EducationNational Basic Research Program of China,No.2011CB504300Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,No.20130001110108National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars,No.81301748Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.IRT13003 and No.NIH/NCI U54 CA156735
文摘Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma continues to heavily burden clinicians worldwide. Researchers have discovered the genomic landscape of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which holds promise for an era of personalized oncology care. One of the most pressing problems facing this issue is to improve the understanding of the newly available genomic data, and identify the driver-gene mutations, pathways, and networks. The emergence of a legion of novel targeted agents has generated much hope and hype regarding more potent treatment regimens, but the accuracy of drug selection is still arguable. Other problems, such as cancer heterogeneity, drug resistance, exceptional responders, and side effects, have to be surmounted. Evolving topics in personalized oncology, such as interpretation of genomics data, issues in targeted therapy, research approaches for targeted therapy, and future perspectives, will be discussed in this editorial.
基金financial projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81803548)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.19JCQNJC12400)+1 种基金Hubei Province Technical Innovation Special Project(No.2019ABA100)Tianjin Science and Technology Support Special Project(No.19YFZCSN00010)。
文摘Tea represents an abundant source of naturally occurring polyphenols.Tea polyphenols(TPs)have received growing attentions for its wide consumption in the world,and more importantly its pleiotropic bioeffects for human health.After ingestion,TPs may undergo absorption and phase II reaction in the small intestine,and most undigested proportion would be submitted to the colon to interact with gut microbiota.Interactions between gut microbiota and TPs are bidirectional,including not only bacteria-mediated TPs metabolism,e.g.,removal of gallic acid moiety and ring fission to release phenolic acid catabolites,but also TPs-based modification of bacterial profiles.Crosstalk between TPs and gut microbes may benefit for gut barrier function,for example,improvement of the intestinal permeability to alleviate inflammation.Moreover,by reshaping microbial composition and associated metabolites,TPs may exert a systemic protection on host metabolism,which contributes to improve certain chronic metabolic disorders.Given that,further understanding of the metabolic fate of TPs and interplay with gut microbiota as well as potential health-promoting effects are of great significance to development and application of tea and their polyphenolic components in the future as dietary supplements and/or functional ingredients in medical foods.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100203-9)National R&D Project of Transgenic Crops(2016ZX08010001-006)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371673)。
文摘Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)is an important fiber crop worldwide.Insect attack causes cotton yield and quality losses.However,little is known about the mechanism of cotton response to insect attack.We simulated insect feeding by applying insect oral secretions(OS)to wounds,and combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis to investigate how OS from two major pest species(Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura)affect cotton defense responses.We found that respectively 12,668 and 13,379 genes were differentially expressed in comparison with wounding alone.On addition of OS,the jasmonic acid signaling pathway was rapidly and strongly induced,whereas genes involved in salicylic acid biosynthesis were downregulated.On constructing a coexpression gene network,we identified a hub gene encoding a leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase that may play an important role in early signal recognition and transduction.OS from the two insect species altered the abundance of flavonoid-related compounds in different patterns.Gossypol remained in lower concentration after OS application than after wounding alone,suggesting a suppressive effect of OS on cotton defense response.This study illustrated transcriptional and metabolic changes of cotton in responding to OS from two chewing insect species,identified potential key response genes,and revealed evidence for OS inhibition of wounding-induced cotton defense response.
基金supported by National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(201910069007,201910069102)Tianjin Key R&D Plan-Key Projects Supported by Science and Technology(19YFZCSN00010)。
文摘Camellia sinensis(tea),one of the most popular commercial crops,is commonly applied in all parts of the world.The main active ingredients of tea include polyphenols,alkaloids,polysaccharides,amino acids,aroma and volatile constitutes,all of which are potentially responsible for the activities of tea.Stem cells(SCs)are the immature and undifferentiated cells by a varying capacity for proliferation,self-renewal and the capability to differentiate into one or more different derivatives with specialized function or maintain their stem cell phenotype.Herein,a thorough review is conducted of the functional mechanism on SCs by tea bioactive compounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30971054,30770770,81171290
文摘A large number of studies have demonstrated that depression patients have cognitive dysfunction. With recently developed brain functional imaging, studies have focused on changes in brain function to investigate cognitive changes. However, there is still controversy regarding abnormalities in brain functions or correlation between cognitive impairment and brain function changes. Thus, it is important to design an emotion-related task for research into brain function changes. We selected positive, neutral, and negative pictures from the International Affective Picture System. Patients with major depressive disorder were asked to judge emotion pictures. In addition, functional MRI was performed to synchronously record behavior data and imaging data. Results showed that the total correct rate for recognizing pictures was lower in patients compared with normal controls. Moreover, the consistency for recognizing pictures for depressed patients was worse than normal controls, and they frequently recognized positive pictures as negative pictures. The consistency for recognizing pictures was negatively correlated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Functional MRI suggested that the activation of some areas in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, limbic lobe, and cerebellum was enhanced, but that the activation of some areas in the frontal lobe, parietal lobe and occipital lobe was weakened while the patients were watching positive and neutral pictures compared with normal controls. The activation of some areas in the frontal lobe temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and limbic lobe was enhanced, but the activation of some areas in the occipital lobe were weakened while the patients were watching the negative pictures compared with normal controls. These findings indicate that patients with major depressive disorder have negative cognitive disorder and extensive brain dysfunction. Thus, reduced activation of the occipital lobe may be an initiating factor for cognitive disorder in depressed patients.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFD0100203-9)National R&D Project of Transgenic Crops of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016ZX08010001-006)+1 种基金Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities in China(B14032)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2013PY064,2662015PY028,2662015PY091)
文摘Genes encoding reporter proteins are used as visual marker-assisted tools in genetic transformation as well as plant breeding. In this study, the red fluorescent protein identified in Discosoma sp. coral(DsRed2) was successfully used as a visual marker for cotton genetic engineering. DsRed2 was successfully expressed in two cotton cultivars,JIN668 and YZ1, driven by the Ca MV-35 S promoter via the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Our results suggest that DsRed2 expression provides an early-stage selection tool for the transgenic calli via visual observation. Red fluorescence can be detected not only in callus and somatic embryos but also in most tissues and organs of mature plants. The transgenic line Yz-2-DsRed2 was crossed with four different cotton cultivars to assess the transgene heritability and stability in different genetic backgrounds.The heritability of the red color was highly stable when Yz-2-DsRed2 was used as a male parent. The DsRed2 gene expressed 100% in the F_1 hybrids. To investigate the relationship between DsRed2 transcription and DNA methylation, a methylation-specific PCR approach was applied to the Ca MV-35 S promoter region. The results showed a negative association between DNA methylation level in the promoter region and the transgene transcription.Taken together, these findings suggest DsRed2 a visual reporter gene for cotton genetic transformation and molecular breeding programs.
基金supported by College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training(202110069122)Tianjin Key R&D Plan-Key Projects Supported by Science and Technology(19YFZCSN00010)Tianjin Agricultural Science and Technology Achievements Transformation and Promotion Project(202101120)。
文摘Green tea and its bioactive components possess many health-promoting and disease-preventing benefits,especially anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,anticancer,and metabolic modulation effects with multi-target modes of action.In contrast,the effects and mechanisms of tea and its components on the immune system are rarely reviewed.The study aimed to review the most potent compounds in tea that affect the immune systems and mechanisms associated with it.As a result of in vitro studies,animal models,and human trials,researchers have found that green tea extracts and compounds have the possibility of modulating the innate immune system,adaptive immune system,and intestinal immune system.In immune-related diseases,tea polyphenols are the most significant compounds that modify immune functions,though other compounds are being investigated and cannot be ruled out.The review provides a new perspective on how the immune-regulatory effects of tea and its components are exerted on immune systems,as well as how they affect the emergence and treatment of diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32170645)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFF1000900).
文摘Centromere positioning and organization are crucial for genome evolution;however,research on centro-mere biology is largely influenced by the quality of available genome assemblies.Here,we combined Oxford Nanopore and Pacific Biosciences technologies to de novo assemble two high-quality reference genomes for Gossypium hirsutum(TM-1)and Gossypium barbadense(3-79).Compared with previously published reference genomes,our assemblies show substantial improvements,with the contig N50 improved by 4.6-fold and 5.6-fold,respectively,and thus represent the most complete cotton genomes to date.These high-quality reference genomes enable us to characterize 14 and 5 complete centromeric regions for G.hirsutum and G.barbadense,respectively.Our data revealed that the centromeres of allotetraploid cotton are occupied by members of the centromeric repeat for maize(CRM)and Tekay long terminal repeat families,and the CRM family reshapes the centromere structure of the At subgenome after polyploidization.These two intertwined families have driven the convergent evolution of centromeres between the two subgenomes,ensuring centromere function and genome stability.In addition,the reposi-tioning and high sequence divergence of centromeres between G.hirsutum and G.barbadense have contributed to speciation and centromere diversity.This study sheds light on centromere evolution in a sig-nificant crop and provides an alternative approach for exploring the evolution of polyploid plants.
基金jointly supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0606403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41731177 and 41790473)。
文摘During June-July 2020,the strongest recorded mei-yu rainfall occurred in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The rainfall processes exhibited an obvious quasi-biweekly(biweekly in brief)variability,and there are altogether five cycles.It is found that the biweekly rainfall cycle mainly arises from the collaborative effects of biweekly variabilities from both the tropics and extratropics.As for the tropics,the biweekly meridional march and retreat of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH)is particularly evident.As for the extratropics,geopotential height anomalies near Lake Baikal are active.The former is attributed to the intensified biweekly activity of the southwest-northeast oriented EastAsian Pacific wave train(EAP)originating from the tropical western Pacific,while the latter is associated with the biweekly activities of the eastward propagating Eurasia mid-high latitudinal wave train and the westward propagating North Pacific wave train.Why the biweekly activities of these wave trains intensified is further diagnosed from the perspective of thermodynamical forcing and also from the modulation of interannual background on intraseasonal variability.It is found that the strongest recorded convection anchoring over the tropical western Indian Ocean(IO)triggers anomalous descent over the tropical western Pacific,which modulates the biweekly activity of the EAP.Meanwhile,the anomalous diabatic heating over the IO causes changes of the meridional thermodynamic contrast across the IO to the high latitudes,which modulates the extratropical wave trains.A further diagnosis of barotropic kinetic energy conversion suggests that the active occurrence of two extratropical biweekly wave trains is attributed to the increased efficiency of energy conversion from basic flow.The westward propagation of the extratropical North Pacific wave train is attributed to the weakened and northshifted upper-level westerly,which is caused by the SST warmth near the Kuroshio extension.
基金Supported by Humanities and Social Sciences Fund of the Ministry of Education(12YJC790094)Tianjin Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project(TJYY13-028TJLJ13-011)
文摘Based on the annual sample data on food production in China since the reform and opening up,we select 8 main factors influencing the total food production( growing area,application rate of chemical fertilizer,effective irrigation area,the affected area,total machinery power,food production cost index,food production price index,financial funds for supporting agriculture,farmers and countryside),and put them into categories of material input,resources and environment,and policy factors. Using the factor analysis,we carry out the multi-angle analysis of these typical influencing factors one by one through the time series trend chart. It is found that application rate of chemical fertilizer,the growing area of food crops and drought-affected area become the key factors affecting food production. On this basis,we set forth the corresponding recommendations for improving the comprehensive food production capacity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51937008,52107027,and 52207022)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M722513)State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment(Nos.EIPE22113 and EIPE22310).
文摘Highly stable ZnO varistor ceramics with steadily decreasing power loss have been put into applications in electrical and electronic systems for overvoltage protections, even with the absence of general understandings on their aging behaviors. In this paper, we investigated their aging nature via conducting comparative direct current (DC) aging experiments both in air and in nitrogen, during which variations of electrical properties and interface properties were measured and analyzed. Notably, continuously increasing power loss with severe electrical degradation was observed for the sample aged in nitrogen. The power loss transition was discovered to be closely related to the consumption of oxygen adsorption at the grain boundary (GB), which could, however, remain constant for the sample aged in air. The interface density of states (DOS) Ni, which is crucial for pinning the potential barrier, was proved to decrease in nitrogen, but keep stable in air. Therefore, it is concluded that the oxygen adsorption at the GB is significant for the stability of interface states, which further correlates to the long-term stability of modern stable ZnO varistor ceramics.
文摘A concise kinetic model catering for the antioxidant reaction of thermally aged crosslinked polyethylene(XLPE)cable insulation before its abrupt performance deterioration is proposed for life prediction and condition assessment.The alternating current breakdown strength,elongation at break,carbonyl index,and pyrolysis activation energy of XLPE insulation are found to consistently display an abrupt change at a certain point of ageing time.This is strongly correlated to the depletion of the antioxidant whose content gradually decreases with ageing time and drops to a critical value,after which the abrupt degradation of the above macroscopic performances happens.Based on the simplified chain reactions of XLPE during thermal-oxidative ageing,a concise kinetic model about antioxidant prediction is accordingly established by solving the chemical kinetics equations.It indicates that the antioxidant content decays with the reciprocal of time before the abrupt degradation occurs.Results of antioxidant content predicted by the kinetic model at different temperatures matches well with the experimental results,and its reliability can also be proved by the Arrhenius relationship of the obtained results.The kinetic model proposed herein demonstrates satisfying conciseness and thus can be highly feasible in ageing condition assessment and life predicting of XLPE insulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81471017)a Scientific Project of the Ministry of Health of China (201302002)
文摘The aim of this study was to explore the differences between boys and girls in the diagnosis and clinical phenotypes of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in China's mainland. Children diagnosed with ASD(n = 1064, 228 females) were retrospectively included in the analysis. All children were assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised(ADI-R) and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule(ADOS). The results showed that girls scored significantly higher in ADI-R socioemotional reciprocity than boys, and also scored lower in ADI-R and ADOS restricted and repetitive behaviors(RRBs). Meanwhile, the proportions of girls who satisfied the diagnostic cut-off scores in the ADI-R RRBs domain were lower than in boys(P / 0.05). Our results indicated that girls with ASD show greater socio-emotional reciprocity than boys. Girls also tended to show fewer RRBs than boys, and the type of RRBs in girls differ from those in boys. The ADI-R was found to be less sensitive in girls, particularly for assessment in the RRBs domain.
基金This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(Grant No.2017YFC0108803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81771819 and 81801667).
文摘Background:The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has put radiologists at a higher risk of infection during the computer tomography(CT)examination for the patients.To help settling these problems,we adopted a remote-enabled and automated contactless imaging workflow for CT examination by the combination of intelligent guided robot and automatic positioning technology to reduce the potential exposure of radiologists to 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)infection and to increase the examination efficiency,patient scanning accuracy and better image quality in chest CT imaging.Methods:From February 10 to April 12,2020,adult COVID-19 patients underwent chest CT examinations on a CT scanner using the same scan protocol except with the conventional imaging workflow(CW group)or an automatic contactless imaging workflow(AW group)in Wuhan Leishenshan Hospital(China)were retrospectively and prospectively enrolled in this study.The total examination time in two groups was recorded and compared.The patient compliance of breath holding,positioning accuracy,image noise and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)were assessed by three experienced radiologists and compared between the two groups.Results:Compared with the CW group,the total positioning time of the AW group was reduced((118.0±20.0)s vs.(129.0±29.0)s,P=0.001),the proportion of scanning accuracy was higher(98%vs.93%),and the lung length had a significant difference((0.90±1.24)cm vs.(1.16±1.49)cm,P=0.009).For the lesions located in the pulmonary centrilobular and subpleural regions,the image noise in the AW group was significantly lower than that in the CW group(centrilobular region:(140.4±78.6)HU vs.(153.8±72.7)HU,P=0.028;subpleural region:(140.6±80.8)HU vs.(159.4±82.7)HU,P=0.010).For the lesions located in the peripheral,centrilobular and subpleural regions,SNR was significantly higher in the AW group than in the CW group(centrilobular region:6.6±4.3 vs.4.9±3.7,P=0.006;subpleural region:6.4±4.4 vs.4.8±4.0,P<0.001).Conclusions:The automatic contactless imaging workflow using intelligent guided robot and automatic posi-tioning technology allows for reducing the examination time and improving the patient’s compliance of breath holding,positioning accuracy and image quality in chest CT imaging.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32200286)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022TQ0240,2022M722470)。
文摘Cotton is an irreplaceable economic crop currently domesticated in the human world for its extremely elongated fiber cells specialized in seed epidermis,which makes it of high research and application value.To date,numerous research on cotton has navigated various aspects,from multi-genome assembly,genome editing,mechanism of fiber development,metabolite biosynthesis,and analysis to genetic breeding.Genomic and 3D genomic studies reveal the origin of cotton species and the spatiotemporal asymmetric chromatin structure in fibers.Mature multiple genome editing systems,such as CRISPR/Cas9,Cas12(Cpf1)and cytidine base editing(CBE),have been widely used in the study of candidate genes affecting fiber development.Based on this,the cotton fiber cell development network has been preliminarily drawn.Among them,the MYB-b HLH-WDR(MBW)transcription factor complex and IAA and BR signaling pathway regulate the initiation;various plant hormones,including ethylene,mediated regulatory network and membrane protein overlap fine-regulate elongation.Multistage transcription factors targeting Ces A 4,7,and 8 specifically dominate the whole process of secondary cell wall thickening.And fluorescently labeled cytoskeletal proteins can observe real-time dynamic changes in fiber development.Furthermore,research on the synthesis of cotton secondary metabolite gossypol,resistance to diseases and insect pests,plant architecture regulation,and seed oil utilization are all conducive to finding more high-quality breeding-related genes and subsequently facilitating the cultivation of better cotton varieties.This review summarizes the paramount research achievements in cotton molecular biology over the last few decades from the above aspects,thereby enabling us to conduct a status review on the current studies of cotton and provide strong theoretical support for the future direction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.51337008)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups(grant no.51221005).
文摘To ensure the power system operates safely and reliably,it is essential to monitor and evaluate the health condition of power equipment on-line or off-line.This study reviews the research status in condition monitoring and diagnosis of power equipment,including transformer,gas insulated switchgear,cable,external insulation,generator,and power capacitor in recent years.Although much progress has been made in technologies of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis such as test accuracy,fast and accurate fault localisation and recognition of fault types,there are still many deficiencies which needs further research work,including the reliability of signal collection from sensors,the accuracy of data treatment and analysis,anti-interference performance of test equipment,appropriate models used for condition evaluation.The prospective of condition monitoring and diagnosis technologies of power equipment are also presented in this study.It is proposed that the application of big data,internet of things and cloud computing should be expected and given special attention in the near future.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.51937008 and 51707177)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2018YFB0905802)the State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment(grant no.EERIKF2019001).
文摘Element doping is an effective method to improve the performance of ZnO varistors.Previous studies mainly focused on the variation of microstructures and Schottky barriers.In this study,the effects of Co dopant on electrical properties are investigated from the aspect of multiscale defect structures,including intrinsic point defects,the heterogeneous interface of depletion/intergranular layers,and interface states at grain boundaries.Combining with analysis of phase composition and energy dispersive spectroscopy,it is found that Co tends to dissolve into ZnO grains when slightly doped.It substitutes Zn2+with the same valence and affects little on densities of donors.Segregation of Co at grain boundaries would result in the formation of spinel phase Co(Co4/3Sb2/3)O4 and transformation of the intergranular phase fromα-Bi2O3 toδ-Bi2O3.Meanwhile,densities of point defects are indirectly affected by oxygen ambient during sintering,resulting in abnormal variation of grain resistivity.And interface states are enhanced,leading to improved barriers at grain boundaries.Therefore,reduced leakage current,enhanced grain resistivity,and improved non-linear coefficient in Co-doped ZnO varistor blocks are understood from the underlying multiple defect structures.This presents a potential approach to explore short-term performance and long-term stability of ZnO varistors from the aspect of defect responses.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant/Award Number:81701326)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant/Award Number:2016YFC1307004)+3 种基金Multidisciplinary Team for Cognitive Impairment of Shanxi Science and Technology Innovation Training Team(Grant/Award Number:201705D131027)Special Project of Scientific Research Plan Talents of Shanxi Provincial Health Commission(Grant/Award Number:2020081)Shanxi Provincial Science and Technology Achievements Transformation and Guidance Project(Grant/Award Numbers:201904D131020,81971601)Shanxi Province Overseas Students Science and Technology Activity Funding Project(Grant/Award Number:20200038)。
文摘Background:Schizophrenia(SCZ)is a complex psychiatric disorder associated with widespread alterations in the subcortical brain structure.Hemispheric asymmetries are a fundamental organizational principle of the human brain and relate to human psychological and behavioral characteristics.We aimed to explore the state of thalamic lateralization of SCZ.Methods:We used voxel-based morphometry(VBM)analysis,whole-brain analysis of low-frequency fluctuations(ALFF),fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(fALFF),and resting-state seed-based functional connectivity(FC)analysis to investigate brain structural and functional deficits in SCZ.Also,we applied Pearson’’s correlation analysis to validate the correlation between Positive and Negative Symptom Scale(PANSS)scores and them.Results:Compared with healthy controls,SCZ showed increased gray matter volume(GMV)of the left thalamus(t=2.214,p=0.029),which positively correlated with general psychosis(r=0.423,p=0.010).SCZ also showed increased ALFF in the putamen,the caudate nucleus,the thalamus,fALFF in the nucleus accumbens(NAc),and the caudate nucleus,and decreased fALFF in the precuneus.The left thalamus showed significantly weaker resting-state FC with the amygdala and insula in SCZ.PANSS negative symptom scores were negatively correlated with the resting-state FC between the thalamus and the insula(r=-0.414,p=0.025).Conclusions:Collectively,these results suggest the possibility of aberrant laterality in the left thalamus and its FC with other related brain regions involved in the limbic system.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFB0905802).
文摘The direct bonding copper(DBC)substrates of insulated gate bipolar transistor(IGBT)modules degrade inevitably under cycling thermo‐mechanical stress,causing potential threat to the reliability of IGBT modules.However,little attention has been paid to monitoring their degradation.This paper proposes a DBC degradation monitoring method for IGBT modules,which combines boundary‐dependent thermal network and feedback control.A thermal network is employed to describe the internal material degradation of IGBT modules and can be extracted from a finite‐element method model.The boundary conditions including power losses and DBC degradation are considered,enabling the thermal network suitable for various working conditions and different DBC degradation conditions of IGBT modules.The DBC degradation is characterised by its equivalent thermal conductivities measured in the thermal cycling ageing experiments.On the basis of the boundary‐dependent thermal network,feedback control is applied to monitor DBC degradation by regulating boundary‐dependent thermal impedances.Finally,the proposed model is verified from the effectiveness and accuracy of DBC degradation monitoring and junction temperature calculation.This method casts new light on thermal network modelling and could provide a feasible method for the monitoring of DBC degradation.