Social Radars: Finding Targets in Cyberspace for Cybersecurity

INSPIRED by the insight from American political scientist Lasswell, who summarized the environmental role in societal surveillance [1], Schramm coined the term “social radar” [2] as it resembles the activities of radar in collecting and processing information, playing a crucial role in helping humans perceive changes in the internal and external environment and promptly adjusting adaptive behaviors.

A Modified Bi-Directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization Procedure with Variable Evolutionary Volume Ratio Applied to Multi-Objective Topology Optimization Problem

Natural frequency and dynamic stiffness under transient loading are two key performances for structural design related to automotive,aviation and construction industries.This article aims to tackle the multi-objective topological optimization problem considering dynamic stiffness and natural frequency using modified version of bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization(BESO).The conventional BESO is provided with constant evolutionary volume ratio(EVR),whereas low EVR greatly retards the optimization process and high EVR improperly removes the efficient elements.To address the issue,the modified BESO with variable EVR is introduced.To compromise the natural frequency and the dynamic stiffness,a weighting scheme of sensitivity numbers is employed to form the Pareto solution space.Several numerical examples demonstrate that the optimal solutions obtained from the modified BESO method have good agreement with those from the classic BESO method.Most importantly,the dynamic removal strategy with the variable EVR sharply springs up the optimization process.Therefore,it is concluded that the modified BESO method with variable EVR can solve structural design problems using multi-objective optimization.

同铁不同性:FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O和(NH_(4))_(2)Fe(SO_(4))_(2)·6H_(2)O——硫酸亚铁铵制备的改进实验

以经典的硫酸亚铁铵的制备实验为基础,将其从一个简单的任务式制备实验,改进成集原理探究、高效制备、开放设计、趣味观察于一身的全面完善的综合开放性实验:原理上引入FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O和(NH_(4))_(2)Fe(SO_(4))_(2)·6H_(2)O的单晶结构,内容上新增硫酸亚铁与硫酸亚铁铵在晶态下对空气稳定性的研究,同时设计了实验人工“晶体雪”、“透明奶皮”与实验室“绿宝石”的制作等趣味实验,并引入显微镜技术对所得晶体形态进行对比观察。本改进实验优化了学时分配,丰富了教学内容,拓宽了实验维度,通过对比法加深了学生对实验原理和专业知识的理解,达到提高学生的创新意识、实验操作能力、结果分析能力和综合能力的目的。

节事活动对城市形象提升的研究——以郑开马拉松为例

一个城市举办大型节事活动,特别是高水平的节事活动对城市发展的促进作用越来越被人们得到认可,也成为一个提高城市知名度的途径。举办大型节事活动,可以引导主办城市积极塑造自身城市形象,增加城市吸引力,展示城市文化精神风貌,提升城市形象。郑开国际马拉松是一个展示郑州、开封城市形象的窗口,是一个成功举办之后会极大提高举办城市形象的节事活动。本篇论文采用文献资料法、案例分析法、问卷调查法,研究郑开国际马拉松对城市视觉识别系统、城市行为识别系统、城市理念识别系统的影响,发现郑开国际马拉松在提升城市形象中的不足,研究郑开国际马拉松节事活动对城市形象提升的策略。为节事活动郑开国际马拉松提高城市形象的提升策略提供参考与帮助。

Identifying self-trapped excitons in 2D perovskites by Raman spectroscopy[Invited]

Two-dimensional(2D)perovskites exhibit broadband emission due to strong exciton–phonon coupling-induced self-trapped excitons and thus would find important applications in the field of white-light emitting devices.However,the available identifying methods for self-trapped excitons are currently rather limited and complex.Here,we identify the existence of self-trapped excitons by Raman spectroscopy in both excited and non-excited states.Under excited states,the shifting of the Raman peak indicates the presence of the lattice distortion,which together with the extra Raman scattering peak reveals the presence of self-trapped excitons.Our work provides an alternative simple method to study self-trapped excitons in 2 D perovskites.

Estimating the Incidence of Tuberculosis--Shanghai,China,2025−2050

What is already known on this topic?Despite the impressive achievements in eliminating tuberculosis(TB),the TB burden is still heavy in China.By 2010,China halved the prevalence and mortality reported in 1990,but China is still one of 30 high-TB burden countries in the world.What is added by this report?A dynamic transmission model including both rifampin resistant TB(RR-TB)and relapse of pulmonary TB was created.The TB incidence of Shanghai in 2025 and 2035 was predicted,and sensitively analysis of reducing transmission,treating latent TB infection(LTBI),and reducing the recurrence rate was conducted.What are the implications for public health practice?Screening for latent TB infections should be carried out regularly in high-risk groups and areas using tuberculin skin testing and/or interferon gamma release assays.

Zero-Shot Medical Image Retrieval for Emerging Infectious Diseases Based on Meta-Transfer Learning--Worldwide,2020

Introduction:Due to the increasing number of medical images,image retrieval has become an important technique for medical image analytics.Although many content-based image retrieval methods have been proposed,the retrieval of images in datasets related to emerging/new infectious diseases still remain a challenge-mostly due to the lack of historical data.As a result,the current retrieval models have limited functionality in helping doctors make accurate diagnoses of new diseases.Methods:In this paper,we propose a zero-shot retrieval model based on meta-learning and ensemble learning,which can obtain a model with stronger generalizability without using any relevant training data,and thus performs well on new types of test data.Results:The experimental results showed that the proposed method is 3% to 5% higher than the traditional method,which means that our model can retrieve relevant medical images more accurately for newly emerging data types and provide doctors with more effective assistance.Discussion:When a new infectious disease occurs,doctors can use the proposed zero-shot retrieval model to retrieve all relevant cases,quickly find the common problems of patients,find the locations of the new infections,and determine its infectivity as soon as possible.The proposed method is a new computeraided decision support technology for emerging infectious diseases.

Transmembrane kinase 1-mediated auxin signal regulates membrane-associated clathrin in Arabidopsis roots

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis(CME)is the major endocytic pathway in eukaryotic cells that directly regulates abundance of plasma membrane proteins.Clathrin triskelia are composed of clathrin heavy chains(CHCs)and light chains(CLCs),and the phytohormone auxin differentially regulates membraneassociated CLCs and CHCs,modulating the endocytosis and therefore the distribution of auxin efflux transporter PIN-FORMED2(PIN2).However,the molecular mechanisms by which auxin regulates clathrin are still poorly understood.Transmembrane kinase(TMKs)family proteins are considered to contribute to auxin signaling and plant development;it remains unclear whether they are involved in PIN transport by CME.We assessed TMKs involvement in the regulation of clathrin by auxin,using genetic,pharmacological,and cytological approaches including live-cell imaging and immunofluorescence.In tmk1 mutant seedlings,auxin failed to rapidly regulate abundance of both CHC and CLC and to inhibit PIN2 endocytosis,leading to an impaired asymmetric distribution of PIN2 and therefore auxin.Furthermore,TMK3 and TMK4 were shown not to be involved in regulation of clathrin by auxin.In summary,TMK1 is essential for auxin-regulated clathrin recruitment and CME.TMK1therefore plays a critical role in the establishment of an asymmetric distribution of PIN2 and an auxin gradient during root gravitropism.

Disproportionate Increase of New Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS Infection by Sex and Age--China, 2007−2018

What is already known about this topic?The annual rates of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS among total population is increasing in China,yet HIV/AIDS in older adults has received little attention.What is added by this report?The overall rates of new diagnosis of HIV/AIDS per 100,000 populations increased 3.26 and 2.18 times among male and female in all ages from 2007 to 2018,respectively.Among adults aged≥60 years,the rate increased 10.41 times(1.35 to 14.06 per 100,000)from 2007 to 2018.Male adults aged 60–69 and 70–79 years and female aged 50–59 and 60–69 years had the highest increasing rates among all groups.What are the implications for public health practice?This study highlights the need to strengthen HIV/AIDS prevention among older adults.Health education and other effective measurements might be used to prevent HIV/AIDS among this group.

Giant enhancement of photoluminescence quantum yield in 2D perovskite thin microplates by graphene encapsulation

The optoelectronic performances of the layered materials are strongly dependent on the thickness of the samples due to the surface effect.As the size of the samples decreases to few nanometers,the surface depletion field and surface defect density are prominent arising from the large surface to volume ratio.For instance,thin two-dimensional(2D)organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite microplates usually exhibit a rather low photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY),owning to the strong surface effect.Here,we report that the PLQY can be enhanced as large as 28 times in(iso-BA)2Pbl4(BA=C4H9NH3)2D perovskite thin microplates encapsulated by graphene,resulting in that the PLQY is more than 18%for the microplate with a thickness of 6.7 nm at 78 K.As the thickness of the 2D perovskite microplate increases,the enhancement is gradually reduced and finally vanishes.This observation is in striking contrast to that in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs),when the PLQY is quenched by covering a layer of graphene due to the efficient charge transfer.The enhancement of PLQY in 2D perovskites can be mainly ascribed to the reduced quantum confined Stark effect(QCSE)due to the reduced surface depletion field after covering graphene flake,resulting in the enhanced radiative recombination efficiency.Our findings provide a cost-effective approach to enhance the luminescence,which may pave the way toward high performance light emitting devices based on 2D perovskites.

Surface depletion field in 2D perovskite microplates: Structural phase transition, quantum confinement and Stark effect

Surface depletion field would introduce the depletion region near surface and thus could significantly alter the optical,electronic and optoelectronic properties of the materials,especially low-dimensional materials.Two-dimensional(2D)organic—inorganic hybrid perovskites with van der Waals bonds in the out-of-plane direction are expected to have less influence from the surface depletion field;nevertheless,studies on this remain elusive.Here we report on how the surface depletion field affects the structural phase transition,quantum confinement and Stark effect in 2D(BA)2PbI4 perovskite microplates by the thickness-,temperature-and power-dependent photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy.Power dependent PL studies suggest that high-temperature phase(HTP)and low-temperature phase(LTP)can coexist in a wider temperature range depending on the thickness of the 2D perovskite microplates.With the decrease of the microplate thickness,the structural phase transition temperature first gradually decreases and then increases below 25 nm,in striking contrast to the conventional size dependent structural phase transition.Based on the thickness evolution of the emission peaks for both high-temperature phase and low-temperature phase,the anomalous size dependent phase transition could probably be ascribed to the surface depletion field and the surface energy difference between polymorphs.This explanation was further supported by the temperature dependent PL studies of the suspended microplates and encapsulated microplates with graphene and boron nitride flakes.Along with the thickness dependent phase transition,the emission energies of free excitons for both HTP and LTP with thickness can be ascribed to the surface depletion induced confinement and Stark effect.

Clathrin light chains regulate hypocotyl elongation by affecting the polarization of the auxin transporter PIN3 in Arabidopsis

PIN-FORMED(PIN)-dependent directional auxin transport is crucial for plant development. Although the redistribution of auxin mediated by the polarization of PIN3 plays key roles in modulating hypocotyl cell expansion, how PIN3 becomes repolarized to the proper sites within hypocotyl cells is poorly understood. We previously generated the clathrin light chain clc2-1 clc3-1 double mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana and found that it has an elongated hypocotyl phenotype compared to the wild type. Here, we performed genetic, cell biology, and pharmacological analyses combined with live-cell imaging to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the role of clathrin light chains in hypocotyl elongation. Our analyses indicated that the defects of the double mutant enhanced auxin maxima in epidermal cells, thus, promoting hypocotyl elongation. PIN3 relocated to the lateral sides of hypocotyl endodermal cells in clc2-1 clc3-1 mutants to redirect auxin toward the epidermal cell layers.Moreover, the loss of function of PIN3 largely suppressed the long hypocotyl phenotype of the clc2-1 clc3-1 double mutant, as did treatment with auxin transport inhibitors. Based on these data, we propose that clathrin modulates PIN3 abundance and polarity to direct auxin flux and inhibit cell elongation in the hypocotyl, providing novel insights into the regulation of hypocotyl elongation.

Application of Blockchain in Trusted Digital Vaccination Certificates

With the increasing number of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases and worldwide vaccination coverage,‘vaccination passports’(vaccination certificates)may become a required permit for global travel,thereby supporting economic recovery.On March 7,2021,Wang Yi,State Councilor and Foreign Minister of China,announced the launch of the Chinese version of an‘international travel health certificate’at a press conference of the National People’s Congress and the Chinese Political Consultative Conference.He proposed a feasible‘Chinese solution’for promoting the recovery of the global economy and the facilitation of cross-border travel,and hoped that the international travel health certificate and vaccination passport can be mutually authenticated.

Application of ‘Blockchain Plus Public Health

On October 25,2019,senior Chinese officials conveyed the significance of blockchain to all sectors of society through the 18th Collective Study of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.Blockchain is the distributed ledger that maintains a growing list of chronological blocks linked by cryptographic techniques.It is a combined innovation of peer-to-peer networks,cryptography,consensus protocols,smart contracts,etc.,which offers tamper-resistance and traceability characteristics to solve trust issues(1–2).

Internet Data for Improving Prevention and Control of Global Infectious Diseases

By the end of 2018,there were about 5.1 billion internet users worldwide who accounted for 67%of the total population(1).Health problems have emerged following widespread use of the internet as a new model of social activity,such as anonymous personal attacks or abuse and information leakages.A more potent threat is the unverified information being provided by the internet or electronic media that can lead to unsubstantiated judgments and improper responses to information regarding an individual’s health status.

磷酸肌醇激酶FAB1调控拟南芥根毛伸长

FAB1/PIKfyve是介导PI(3,5)P2(磷脂酰肌醇3,5-二磷酸)生物合成的磷酸肌醇激酶。在动物和酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)中,PI(3,5)P2参与调控胞内膜运输,但在植物中的研究较少。该文通过分析拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)FAB1的T-DNA插入突变体的表型解析PI(3,5)P2的生物学功能。拟南芥FAB1基因家族包含FAB1A、FAB1B、FAB1C和FAB1D四个基因。研究发现,fab1a/b呈现雄配子体致死的表型。利用遗传杂交获得fab1b/c/d三突变体,发现FAB1B、FAB1C和FAB1D功能缺失导致根毛相比野生型变短,经FAB1特异性抑制剂YM201636处理后的野生型中也观察到相似的短根毛表型。此外,fab1b/c/d三突变体中DR5转录水平降低。同时,外源施加生长素类似物2,4-D和NAA能部分恢复fab1b/c/d植株短根毛的表型,但fab1b/c/d突变体对生长素转运抑制剂(1-NOA和TIBA)的敏感性与野生型相似。此外,FAB1B/C/D功能缺失使根毛中ROS的含量减少且影响肌动蛋白的表达。上述结果表明,FAB1B/C/D通过调控生长素分布、ROS含量和肌动蛋白的表达影响拟南芥根毛伸长。

Predicting the Incident Cases of Emerging Infectious Disease Using a Bayesian Probability Model--China,February 2020

What is already known about this topic?The exact number of incident cases of emerging infectious diseases on a daily basis is of great importance to the disease control and prevention,but it is not directly available from the current surveillance system in time.What is added by this report?In this study,a Bayesian statistical method was proposed to estimate the posterior parameters of the gamma probability distribution of the lag time between the onset date and the reporting time based on the surveillance data.And then the posterior parameters and corresponding cumulative gamma probability distribution were used to predict the actual number of new incident cases and the number of unreported cases per day.The proposed method was used for predicting COVID-19 incident cases from February 5 to February 26,2020.The final results show that Bayesian probability model predictions based on data reported by February 28,2020 are very close to those actually reported a month later.What are the implications for public health practice?This research provides a Bayesian statistical approach for early estimation of the actual number of cases of incidence based on surveillance data,which is of great value in the prevention and control practice of epidemics.