High-performance liquid metal electromagnetic actuator fabricated by femtosecond laser

Small-scale electromagnetic soft actuators are characterized by a fast response and simplecontrol,holding prospects in the field of soft and miniaturized robotics.The use of liquid metal(LM)to replace a rigid conductor inside soft actuators can reduce the rigidity and enhance the actuation performance and robustness.Despite research efforts,challenges persist in the flexible fabrication of LM soft actuators and in the improvement of actuation performance.To address these challenges,we developed a fast and robust electromagnetic soft microplate actuator based on a laser-induced selective adhesion transfer method.Equipped with unprecedentedly thin LM circuit and customized low Young’s modulus silicone rubber(1.03 kPa),our actuator exhibits an excellent deformation angle(265.25?)and actuation bending angular velocity(284.66 rad·s^(-1)).Furthermore,multiple actuators have been combined to build an artificial gripper with a wide range of functionalities.Our actuator presents new possibilities for designing small-scaleartificial machines and supports advancements in ultrafast soft and miniaturized robotics.

Femtosecond laser direct writing of functional stimulus-responsive structures and applications

Diverse natural organisms possess stimulus-responsive structures to adapt to the surrounding environment.Inspired by nature,researchers have developed various smart stimulus-responsive structures with adjustable properties and functions to address the demands of ever-changing application environments that are becoming more intricate.Among many fabrication methods for stimulus-responsive structures,femtosecond laser direct writing(FsLDW)has received increasing attention because of its high precision,simplicity,true three-dimensional machining ability,and wide applicability to almost all materials.This paper systematically outlines state-of-the-art research on stimulus-responsive structures prepared by FsLDW.Based on the introduction of femtosecond laser-matter interaction and mainstream FsLDW-based manufacturing strategies,different stimulating factors that can trigger structural responses of prepared intelligent structures,such as magnetic field,light,temperature,pH,and humidity,are emphatically summarized.Various applications of functional structures with stimuli-responsive dynamic behaviors fabricated by FsLDW,as well as the present obstacles and forthcoming development opportunities,are discussed.

Milli-Joule pulses post-compressed from 14 ps to 475 fs in bulk-material multi-pass cell based on cylindrical vector beam

A cylindrical vector beam is utilized to enhance the energy scale of the pulse post-compressed in a bulk-material Herriott multi-pass cell(MPC).The method proposed here enables,for the first time to the best of our knowledge,pulse compression from 14 ps down to 475 fs with throughput energy beyond 1 mJ,corresponding to a compression ratio of 30,which is the highest pulse energy and compression ratio in single-stage bulk-material MPCs.Furthermore,we demonstrate the characteristic of the vector polarization beam is preserved in the MPC.

Mitophagy in intracerebral hemorrhage:a new target for therapeutic intervention

Intracerebral hemorrhage is a life-threatening condition with a high fatality rate and severe sequelae.However,there is currently no treatment available for intracerebral hemorrhage,unlike for other stroke subtypes.Recent studies have indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy likely relate to the pathophysiology of intracerebral hemorrhage.Mitophagy,or selective autophagy of mitochondria,is an essential pathway to preserve mitochondrial homeostasis by clearing up damaged mitochondria.Mitophagy markedly contributes to the reduction of secondary brain injury caused by mitochondrial dysfunction after intracerebral hemorrhage.This review provides an overview of the mitochondrial dysfunction that occurs after intracerebral hemorrhage and the underlying mechanisms regarding how mitophagy regulates it,and discusses the new direction of therapeutic strategies targeting mitophagy for intracerebral hemorrhage,aiming to determine the close connection between mitophagy and intracerebral hemorrhage and identify new therapies to modulate mitophagy after intracerebral hemorrhage.In conclusion,although only a small number of drugs modulating mitophagy in intracerebral hemorrhage have been found thus far,most of which are in the preclinical stage and require further investigation,mitophagy is still a very valid and promising therapeutic target for intracerebral hemorrhage in the long run.

The role of snapin in regulation of brain homeostasis

Brain homeostasis refe rs to the normal working state of the brain in a certain period,which is impo rtant for overall health and normal life activities.Currently,there is a lack of effective treatment methods for the adverse consequences caused by brain homeostasis imbalance.Snapin is a protein that assists in the formation of neuronal synapses and plays a crucial role in the normal growth and development of synapses.Recently,many researchers have reported the association between snapin and neurologic and psychiatric disorders,demonstrating that snapin can improve brain homeostasis.Clinical manifestations of brain disease often involve imbalances in brain homeostasis and may lead to neurological and behavioral sequelae.This article aims to explo re the role of snapin in restoring brain homeostasis after injury or diseases,highlighting its significance in maintaining brain homeostasis and treating brain diseases.Additionally,it comprehensively discusses the implications of snapin in other extracerebral diseases such as diabetes and viral infections,with the objective of determining the clinical potential of snapin in maintaining brain homeostasis.

Microplastics in sediment of the Three Gorges Reservoir:abundance and characteristics under different environmental conditions

Freshwater microplastic pollution is an urgent issue of global concern,and research on the distribution in reservoirs is lacking.We investigated the microplastic pollution levels in wet sediments collected from the Three Gorges Reservoir,the largest reservoir of China.Results show that microplastics were ubiquitous in the sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir,and their abundance ranged from 59 to 276 pp/kg(plastic particles per kg,dry weight).Economic development and total population were important factors affecting the spatial heterogeneity of microplastic abundance,and the contribution of large cities along the reservoir to microplastic pollution should be paid with more attention.Fibrous microplastics were the most abundant type of microplastic particles in reservoir sediments,whereas polystyrene,polypropylene,and polyamide were the main types of polymers.The apparent spatial heterogeneity in morphology and color of microplastics is attributed to different anthropogenic or landbased pollution sources.Moreover,the accumulation of microplastics near the inlet of tributaries reflects the role of potential contributors of tributaries.More importantly,multiple bisphenols(BPs)and heavy metals detected at the microplastic surfaces indicate that microplastics can act as carriers of these pollutants in the environment in the same way as sediments did,which may alter the environmental fate and toxicity of these pollutants.Therefore,we conclude that the Three Gorges Reservoir had been contaminated with microplastics,which posed a stress risk for organisms who ingest them along with their associated pollutants(BPs,heavy metals).

Sentiment Analysis Using E-Commerce Review Keyword-Generated Image with a Hybrid Machine Learning-Based Model

In the context of the accelerated pace of daily life and the development of e-commerce,online shopping is a mainstreamway for consumers to access products and services.To understand their emotional expressions in facing different shopping experience scenarios,this paper presents a sentiment analysis method that combines the ecommerce reviewkeyword-generated imagewith a hybrid machine learning-basedmodel,inwhich theWord2Vec-TextRank is used to extract keywords that act as the inputs for generating the related images by generative Artificial Intelligence(AI).Subsequently,a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network and Support Vector Machine(CNNSVM)model is applied for sentiment classification of those keyword-generated images.For method validation,the data randomly comprised of 5000 reviews from Amazon have been analyzed.With superior keyword extraction capability,the proposedmethod achieves impressive results on sentiment classification with a remarkable accuracy of up to 97.13%.Such performance demonstrates its advantages by using the text-to-image approach,providing a unique perspective for sentiment analysis in the e-commerce review data compared to the existing works.Thus,the proposed method enhances the reliability and insights of customer feedback surveys,which would also establish a novel direction in similar cases,such as social media monitoring and market trend research.

Insights Into the Interfacial Degradation of High-Voltage All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries

Poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolyte(SPE)is considered as a promising solid-state electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs).Nevertheless,the poor interfacial stability with high-voltage cathode materials(e.g.,LiCoO_(2))restricts its application in high energy density solid-state batteries.Herein,high-voltage stable Li_(3)AlF_(6) protective layer is coated on the surface of LiCoO_(2) particle to improve the performance and investigate the failure mechanism of PEO-based ASSLBs.The phase transition unveils that chemical redox reaction occurs between the highly reactive LiCoO_(2) surface and PEO-based SPE,resulting in structure collapse of LiCoO_(2),hence the poor cycle performance of PEO-based ASSLBs with LiCoO_(2) at charging voltage of 4.2 V vs Li/Li+.By sharp contrast,no obvious structure change can be found at the surface of Li_(3)AlF_(6)-coated LiCoO_(2),and the original layered phase was well retained.When the charging voltage reaches up to 4.5 V vs Li/Li+,the intensive electrochemical decomposition of PEO-based SPE occurs,leading to the constant increase of cell impedance and directly causing the poor performance.This work not only provides important supplement to the failure mechanism of PEO-based batter-ies with LiCoO_(2),but also presents a universal strategy to retain structure stability of cathode-electrolyte interface in high-voltage ASSLBs.

Expression and clinical implication of p27 and p57 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and Bowen's disease

Objective： To investigate the expression and clinical significance of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors p27 and p57 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and Bowen＇s disease. Methods： The expression of p27 and p57 were evaluated in 10 normal skin tissues, 25 Bowen＇s disease （BD） and 30 cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma （SCC） with immunohistochemistrical staining. Results： The levels of p27 protein expression in SCC were dramatically lower than those in normal skin and BD （P 〈 0.057. The levels of p57 protein expression in SCC were dramatically lower than those in normal skin and BD （P 〈 0.057. There was a posilk, e correlation between p27 and p57 （r = 0.469, P 〈 0.057. Conclusion： The decrease of p27 and skp2 may be used for considering the biological behavior of human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and Bowen＇s disease.

Bioinspired micro/nanostructured surfaces prepared by femtosecond laser direct writing for multi-functional applications

manufacturing of biomimetic micro/nanostructures due to its specific advantages including high precision,simplicity,and compatibility for diverse materials in comparison with other methods(e.g.ion etching,sol-gel process,chemical vapor deposition,template method,and self-assembly).These biomimetic micro/nanostructured surfaces are of significant interest for academic and industrial research due to their wide range of potential applications,including self-cleaning surfaces,oil-water separation,and fog collection.This review presents the inherent relationship between natural organisms,fabrication methods,micro/nanostructures and their potential applications.Thereafter,we throw a list of current fabrication strategies so as to highlight the advantages of FLDW in manufacturing bioinspired microstructured surfaces.Subsequently,we summarize a variety of typical bioinspired designs(e.g.lotus leaf,pitcher plant,rice leaf,butterfly wings,etc)for diverse multifunctional micro/nanostructures through extreme femtosecond laser processing technology.Based on the principle of interfacial chemistry and geometrical optics,we discuss the potential applications of these functional micro/nanostructures and assess the underlying challenges and opportunities in the extreme fabrication of bioinspired micro/nanostructures by FLDW.This review concludes with a follow up and an outlook of femtosecond laser processing in biomimetic domains.

The telomere-to-telomere gap-free reference genome of wild blueberry (Vaccinium duclouxii) provides its high soluble sugar and anthocyanin accumulation

Vaccinium duclouxii,endemic to southwestern China,is a berry-producing shrub or small tree belonging to the Ericaceae family,with high nutritive,medicinal,and ornamental value,abundant germplasm resources,and good edible properties.In addition,V.duclouxii exhibits strong tolerance to adverse environmental conditions,making it a promising candidate for research and offering wide-ranging possibilities for utilization.However,the lack of V.duclouxii genome sequence has hampered its development and utilization.Here,a high-quality telomere-to-telomere genome sequence of V.duclouxii was de novo assembled and annotated.All of 12 chromosomes were assembled into gap-free single contigs,providing the highest integrity and quality assembly reported so far for blueberry.The V.duclouxii genome is 573.67 Mb,which encodes 41953 protein-coding genes.Combining transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses,we have uncovered the molecular mechanisms involved in sugar and acid accumulation and anthocyanin biosynthesis in V.duclouxii.This provides essentialmolecular information for further research on the quality of V.duclouxii.Moreover,the high-quality telomere-to-telomere assembly of the V.duclouxii genome will provide insights into the genomic evolution of Vaccinium and support advancements in blueberry genetics and molecular breeding.

Advances in Research of Biological Activity,Action Mechanism and Structure-Activity Relationship of Lentinan

Lentinula edodes is the second largest edible mushroom in the world and is widely used as food and medicine.Modern research shows that lentinan(LNT)is the main active component of L.edodes.It has anti-cancer,treatment of diabetes,intestinal protection,anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidation,anti-aging,hepatoprotective,immune-regulating effects.In this review,the biological activity,action mechanism and structure-activity relationship of LNT in recent years are reviewed.On this basis,the existing problems were discussed,and the future research and application of LNT were prospected.Finally,it is hoped that this review will promote the in-depth study of LNT and provide a reference for its development as a drug and functional food.

Plant-microbial interactions inspired the discovery of novel sesquiterpenoid dimeric skeletons of hidden natural products from Hibiscus tiliaceus

Hidden natural products are representative of defensive strategies produced in vivo in diseased plants,a process that is induced by the plant immune system.The first transcriptome library of uninfected and pathogen infected Hibiscus tiliaceus stems was constructed by transcriptome sequencing technology,genes related to cadinene-type sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis were screened and combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF-MS)analysis data,which indicated pathological tissue had potential to produce novel carbon skeletons of cadinane sesquiterpenoid dimers.Successfully,two cadinane-derived sesquiterpenoid dimers with unprecedented carbon skeletons,hibisceusanols A(1)and B(2)were isolated for the first time from the stems of H.tiliaceus induced by plant-microbial interactions.Their structures and absolute configurations were unambiguously established by spectroscopy,advanced chemistry development(ACD)and electronic circular dichroism(ECD)methods.Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significant antitumor activity in vitro with half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(5)0)values of 2.3–7.2μmol/L.The anticancer effect was generated via the induction of Hep G2 cell apoptosis by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)pathway.

科尔沁沙地樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolia)人工林土壤真菌群落结构和功能特征

系统解析科尔沁沙地不同林龄樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolia)人工林土壤真菌群落结构和功能特征及其与土壤理化性质的关系,为樟子松人工林可持续经营管理提供理论依据。以科尔沁沙地幼龄林(13 a)、中龄林(22 a)、近熟林(34 a)、成熟林(41 a)和过熟林(55 a)樟子松人工林为研究对象,采用野外调查和分子生物学相结合的方法,利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序和FUNGuild平台鉴定分析樟子松人工林土壤真菌群落。结果表明:(1)从科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林土壤样品中共获得922个OTUs,隶属于14门25纲67目98科254属。子囊菌门Ascomycota和担子菌门Basidiomycota占绝对优势,优势属为美口菌属Calostoma和糙缘腺革菌属Amphinema。(2)随林龄增加,共生营养型真菌及主要功能群外生菌根真菌占比均呈先减小后增大趋势,且成熟林占比最小;腐生营养型真菌及主要功能群未定义腐生真菌占比均呈先增大后减小趋势,且成熟林占比最大;病理营养型真菌分布较为均匀。(3)随林龄增加,土壤真菌网络呈先简单后复杂趋势,近熟林最为简单,过熟林最为复杂,而成熟林次之。(4)土壤真菌群落结构主要受土壤有机质、pH、碱解氮和硝态氮的驱动,腐生营养型真菌相对丰度与土壤全磷、pH分别呈显著正、负相关性(P<0.05),腐生营养型真菌相对丰度与土壤有机质呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。林龄和土壤理化性质对科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林土壤真菌群落构建起到关键作用。樟子松幼龄林至近熟林阶段,共生营养型真菌大量富集占据主导地位,有利于林木快速生长;成熟林和过熟林阶段,土壤真菌群落结构相似,腐生营养型真菌发挥主导作用,且真菌网络愈加复杂并趋于稳定,有利于提高林木对外部环境抵抗能力。研究结果有助于深入理解科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林土壤真菌生态功能,并为从土壤真菌视角评价和理解林木和土壤健康提供科学依据。

Effects of Second-Order Difference-Frequency Wave Forces on Floating Wind Turbine Under Survival Condition

In this paper, the effects of second-order difference-frequency wave forces on the global motion of an offshore wind turbine system with a large displacement under the survival condition are studied. In this case, the hydrodynamic force is the main force because the blades are feathered to reduce the lifting force. The first-order hydrodynamic forces are calculated by WADAM, while the second-order wave forces are calculated by a customized MATLAB module. Then the hydrodynamic coefficients are transferred to the wind turbine analytical code FAST. Through the comparisons of dynamic responses between the first- and second-order numerical models, it is found that the second-order wave forces significantly influence the motion of floating wind turbine under the survival condition. Moreover, neglecting the second-order force significantly underestimates the tension forces in the mooring lines. © 2017, Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

传统建筑设计在现代住宅设计中的应用研究

传统建筑是我国几千年历史文化的印记,其蕴含着非常悠久的历史,而在现代建筑设计中融入一定的传统建筑设计,能够实现我国优秀传统文化一代又一代的传承与发扬,也能够打破现代建筑设计过程中,所蕴含的固有模式化设计,开创中国建筑设计的全新纪元。笔者的主要目的,就是分析在现代建筑设计中,如何融入传统建筑设计,并且对该内容进行简要分析。

Accelerated intermediate conversion through nickel doping into mesoporous Co-N/C nanopolyhedron for efficient ORR

Engineering non-precious metals into nitrogen-doped carbon is employed to improve electrocatalyst activity towards oxygen reduction reaction(ORR). A nickel-doped Co-N/C mesoporous nanopolyhedron is successfully evoluted from a Ni-doped ZIF-67 precursor. The Ni & Co synergistic N/C catalyst exhibits a half-wave potential of 0.895 V(vs. reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)) with a diffusion-limiting current density of 6.1 m A cm^(-2)for alkaline ORR at 1600 r min^(-1), which is competitive to commercial Pt/C in terms of cost, methanol tolerance, and long-term stability. In situ surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) study reveals the formation and fast conversion of superoxide ion(O_(2)^(-)) intermediate on the catalyst surface. Density functional theory(DFT) calculations demonstrate the decrease of energy barrier for potential-determining step(O* protonation) by Co-Ni synergy as well as the reduction of adsorption energy on catalyst surface upon nickel doping. The joint results of in situ SERS study and DFT calculations suggest a favourable ORR process on nickel-doped Co-N/C.

Rapid fabrication of reconfigurable helical microswimmers with environmentally adaptive locomotion

Artificial helical microswimmers with shape-morphing capacities and adaptive locomotion have great potential for precision medicine and noninvasive surgery.However,current reconfigurable helical microswimmers are hampered by their low-throughput fabrication and limited adaptive locomotion.Here,a rotary holographic processing strategy(a helical femtosecond laser beam)is proposed to produce stimuli-responsive helical microswimmers(<100μm)rapidly(<1 s).This method allows for the easy one-step fabrication of various microswimmers with controllable sizes and diverse bioinspired morphologies,including spirulina-,Escherichia-,sperm-,and Trypanosoma-like shapes.Owing to their shape-morphing capability,the helical microswimmers undergo a dynamic transition between tumbling and corkscrewing motions under a constant rotating magnetic field.By exploiting adaptive locomotion,helical microswimmers can navigate complex terrain and achieve targeted drug delivery.Hence,these microswimmers hold considerable promise for diverse precision treatments and biomedical applications.

Measurement of the neutron total cross section of^(9)Be at the Back-n white neutron source of CSNS

The neutron total cross section data of^(9)Be are essential in the nuclear structure model research of light nuclei and nuclear power installations.The neutron total cross section of^(9)Be in the 0.3 eV−120 MeV energy region has been measured using time-of-flight and transmission methods with the Neutron Total Cross Sectional Spectrometer(NTOX)based on the multi-cell fast fission chamber at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)-Back-n white neutron source(Back-n).The fission count-neutron energy distributions of ^(235)U and ^(238)U without samples and with Be samples with three thicknesses were measured in the double-bunch operation mode for a beam power of 100 kW.The Bayesian method was used to eliminate the influence of the double-bunch problem on neutron measurement in the energy region above 10 keV.The neutron total cross section of^(9)Be results was consistent with ENDF/B-VIII.0 evaluation library data in the 0.3 eV−20 MeV energy region.In the energy ranges of 0.3 eV to 10 keV and 0.01 to 20 MeV,the deviations between our results and the evaluation results of ENDF/B-VIII.0 were within 2.5%and 15%,respectively.In the resonance energy region,the measured resonance energies in our experiment were 0.63,0.82,and 2.8 MeV,respectively.The results showed that the total cross section uncertainties of three Be samples were within 2.2%in the energy region below 1 MeV.The total cross section uncertainty of 30 mm Be from ^(235)U was the smallest and less than 5%in the energy region of 0.3 eV−120 MeV.The results of this experiment can provide technical support for further data analysis and related nuclear data evaluation.

Combined effect of cortical superficial siderosis and cerebral microbleed on short-term and long-term outcomes after intracerebral haemorrhage

Background and purpose Cortical superficial siderosis(cSS)and cerebral microbleed(CMB)have distinct effects on intracerebral haemorrhage(ICH).We aim to investigate the combined effect of cSS and CMB on outcomes after ICH.Methods Based on a single-centre stroke registry database,patients with spontaneous ICH who had CT scan within 48 hours after ictus and MRI subsequently were identified.Eligible patients were divided into four groups(cSS-CMB−,cSS-CMB+,cSS+CMB−,cSS+CMB+)according to cSS and CMB on susceptibility-weighted image of MRI.Primary outcomes were haematoma volume on admission and unfavourable outcome defined as modified Rankin Scale scores≥3 at 3 months.Secondary outcomes were all-cause death,recurrence of stroke and ICH during follow-up(median follow-up 2.0 years,IQR 1.0-3.0 years).Results A total of 673 patients were identified from 1044 patients with spontaneous ICH.131(19.5%)had cSS and 468(69.5%)had CMB.Patients with cSS+CMB+had the highest rate of poor outcome at 3 months,as well as all-cause death,recurrent stroke and ICH during follow-up.In cSS−patients,CMB was associated with smaller haematoma(β−0.13;95%CI−0.22 to−0.03;p=0.009),but it still increased risks of recurrent ICH(OR 4.6;95%CI 1.3 to 15.6;p=0.015)and stroke(OR 2.0;95%CI 1.0 to 4.0;p=0.049).These effects of CMB became unremarkable in the context of cSS+.Conclusions Patients with different combinations of cSS and CMB have distinct patterns of short-term and long-term outcomes.Although CMB is related to restrained haematoma,it does not improve long-term outcomes.