Simultaneous Degradation, Dehalogenation, and Detoxification of Halogenated Antibiotics by Carbon Dioxide Radical Anions

Despite the extensive application of advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)in water treatment,the efficiency of AOPs in eliminating various emerging contaminants such as halogenated antibiotics is constrained by a number of factors.Halogen moieties exhibit strong resistance to oxidative radicals,affecting the dehalogenation and detoxification efficiencies.To address these limitations of AOPs,advanced reduction processes(ARPs)have been proposed.Herein,a novel nucleophilic reductant—namely,the carbon dioxide radical anion(CO_(2)^(·-))—is introduced for the simultaneous degradation,dehalogenation,and detoxification of florfenicol(FF),a typical halogenated antibiotic.The results demonstrate that FF is completely eliminated by CO_(2)^(·-),with approximately 100%of Cland 46%of Freleased after 120 min of treatment.Simultaneous detoxification is observed,which exhibits a linear response to the release of free inorganic halogen ions(R^(2)=0.97,p<0.01).The formation of halogen-free products is the primary reason for the superior detoxification performance of this method,in comparison with conventional hydroxyl-radical-based AOPs.Products identification and density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal the underlying dehalogenation mechanism,in which the chlorine moiety of FF is more susceptible than other moieties to nucleophilic attack by CO_(2)^(·-).Moreover,CO_(2)^(·-)-based ARPs exhibit superior dehalogenation efficiencies(>75%)in degrading a series of halogenated antibiotics,including chloramphenicol(CAP),thiamphenicol(THA),diclofenac(DLF),triclosan(TCS),and ciprofloxacin(CIP).The system shows high tolerance to the pH of the solution and the presence of natural water constituents,and demonstrates an excellent degradation performance in actual groundwater,indicating the strong application potential of CO_(2)^(·-)-based ARPs in real life.Overall,this study elucidates the feasibility of CO_(2)^(·-)for the simultaneous degradation,dehalogenation,and detoxification of halogenated antibiotics and provides a promising method for their regulation during water or wastewater treatment.

The relationships among sCOD, VFAs, microbial community, and biogas production during anaerobic digestion of rice straw pretreated with ammonia

This study investigated the effects of soluble chemical oxygen demand(s COD),volatile fatty acids(VFAs),and microbial community on biogas production in the process of rice straw(RS)anaerobic digestion(AD).The results showed that the s COD concentrations and VFA production appeared the same trend,which was inversely related with that of daily biogas production.The cumulative methane yield of RS was 194.9 ml·(g VS)^-1·^-1.The modified Gompertz model is the best fit for measured methane yields of RS in the three kinetic models of first-order kinetic,Cone and modified Gompertz.Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,and Euryarchaeota were the dominant microbial phyla throughout AD process.At the genus level,the microorganisms mainly composed of Clostridium,Vadin,Terrisporobacter,Methanosaeta,Methanobacterium,and Methanosarcina.Proteiniphilum showed strong relationship with s COD and VFA production.Clostridium and Terrisporobacter displayed relationship with biogas production.Therefore,in order to improve the stability of the AD system,the parameter changes of VFAs,s COD,and biogas yield were monitored in the RS AD process.The study can provide theoretical basis for improving the efficiency of RS AD.

Selective esterification of glycerol with acetic acid to diacetin using antimony pentoxide as reusable catalyst

Glycerol can be obtained as a by-product during biodiesel manufacture. It is important to convert glycerol to value-added products. Glycerol esterification with acetic acid is one of the most promising approaches for glycerol utilization. It is usually difficult to obtain diacetin with good activity and selectivity. In this work, glycerol esterification with acetic acid over different metal oxides, such as Bi2O3, Sb2O3, SnO2, TiO2, Nb2O5 and Sb2O5, was investigated. It was found that in the six investigated metal oxides, only Sb205 resulted in good activity and selectivity to diacetin. Under the optimized conditions, the glycerol conversion reached 96.8%, and the selectivity to diacetin reached 54.2%, while the selectivity to monoacetin and triacetin was 33.2% and 12.6%, respectively. The catalysts were characterized with FT-IR spectra of adsorbed pyridine, which indicated that in the six investigated metal oxides, only Sb2O5 possessed Bronsted acid sites strong enough to protonate adsorbed pyridine. The good catalytic activity and selectivity to diacetin might be mainly attributable to the Bronsted acid sites of Sb2O5. Reusability tests showed that with 5b205 as catalyst, after six reaction cycles, no significant change in the glycerol conversion and the selectivity to diacetin was observed.

基于Transformer GAN架构的多变量时间序列异常检测

基于过程中实时采集的多变量时序关联数据进行异常检测是预防工业过程事故、保障系统安全的关键环节之一.然而,工业多变量时间序列异常检测仍面临如下两大难题:(1)时序数据变量间复杂的非线性关联特性缺乏有效的表达方法;(2)正常/异常分布极度不均衡的时间序列间复杂的相关性有待深入挖掘.本文提出一种新的基于多变量时间序列的无监督异常检测方法 ——基于Transformer GAN的多变量时间序列异常检测方法 (TGAN-MTSAD). TGAN-MTSAD采用Transformer网络作为生成对抗网络的基本模型,引入了图注意力层以自动学习时序多元变量间的复杂依赖关系,还应用了patch技巧使模型能够有效捕捉时间窗口内的异常细节信息,并提出了基于重构误差与鉴别误差相结合的异常分数计算方法.采用3个真实世界的数据集对所提方法进行了大量的性能验证与对比实验分析.结果表明, TGAN-MTSAD可以有效检测过程中的时序异常,在大多数情况下优于基线方法,并且具有良好的可解释性,可用于复杂工业异常诊断.

Gully internal erosion triggered by a prolonged heavy rainfall event in the tableland region of China's Loess Plateau

Gully erosion is a severe form of soil erosion,but gully internal erosion processes are poorly understood,especially at the event scale.To investigate gully internal erosion intensity and understand the related gully development mechanism in an agricultural environment with gully head stabilization and vege-tation restoration efforts,two successive field investigations were carried out just before and after a prolonged rainfall event in 2021 in the tableland region of China's Loess Plateau.Thirteen gullies were investigated and all experienced gully internal erosion,while most gully boundaries were stable during the heavy rainfall event based on the comparison of the UAV digital orthograph maps(DOMs acquired with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)before and after the rainfall event.The proportion of gully internal erosion area to gully internal area of the 13 investigated gullies ranged from 3 to 55%,with average areal erosion proportion of the gully sidewall and gully bed of 21%and 36%,respectively.The erosion area of subdrainage units(SDUs)on the gully sidewall was positively correlated to the SDU area,average SDU slope gradient and vegetation type,while the erosion area on the gully bed was positively correlated to the gully area,gully depth and gully bed slope gradient.Gully internal erosion was not significantly correlated with gully drainage area because the connectivity between the upslope and gully areas was interrupted and the effective drainage area of the gully was obviously reduced by soil erosion conser-vation measures,including terraces on the upslope drainage area,shrub belts,and water barriers.Thus,gully internal erosion is still active under the heavy rainfall storm against the background of the'Grain for Green'and'Gully Stabilization and Tableland Protection'programs,and integrated measures for preventing both gully expansion and gully internal erosion must be further enhanced in the context of climate change.

An epipolythiodioxopiperazine alkaloid and diversified aromatic polyketides with cytotoxicity from the Beibu Gulf coral-derived fungus Emericella nidulans GXIMD 02509

Marine microorganisms,especially marine fungi,have historically proven their value as a prolific source for structurally novel and pharmacologically active secondary metabolites(Deshmukh et al.,2018;Carroll et al.,2022).The corals constitute a dominant part of reefs with the highest biodiversity,and harbor highly diverse and abundant microbial symbionts in their tissue,skeleton,and mucus layer,with species-specific core members that are spatially partitioned across coral microhabitats(Wang WQ et al.,2022).The coral-associated fungi were very recently found to be vital producers of structurally diverse compounds,terpenes,alkaloids,peptides,aromatics,lactones,and steroids.

Tradeoffs of nitrogen investment between leaf resorption and photosynthesis across soil fertility in Quercus mongolica seedlings during the hardening period

The most important process before leaf senescence is nutrient resorption,which reduces nutrient loss and maximizes plant fitness during the subsequent growth period.However,plants must retain certain levels of nitrogen(N)in their leaves to maintain carbon assimilation during hardening.The objective of this study was to investigate the tradeoffs in N investment between leaf N resorption and N for photosynthesis in seedlings with increased soil fertility during the hardening period.A field experiment was conducted to determine if and how soil fertility treatments(17,34,or 68 mg N seedling−1)affected N resorption and allocation to the photosynthetic apparatus in Quercus mongolica leaves during the hardening period.Seedlings were sampled at T1(after terminal bud formation),T2(between terminal bud formation and end of the growing period),and T3(at the end of the growing period).Results showed that photosynthetic N content continued to rise in T2,while N resorption started from non-photosynthetic N.Leaf N allocation to the photosynthetic apparatus increased as soil fertility increased,delaying N resorption.Additionally,soil fertility significantly affected N partitioning among different photosynthetic components,maintaining or increasing photosynthetic traits during senescence.This study demonstrates a tradeoff in N investment between resorption and photosynthesis to maintain photosynthetic assimilation capacity during the hardening period,and that soil fertility impacts this balance.Q.mongolica leaves primarily resorbed N from the non-photosynthetic apparatus and invested it in the photosynthetic apparatus,whereas different photosynthetic N component allocations effectively improved this pattern.

Triblock copolymer-assisted construction of 20 nm-sized ytterbium-doped TiO_2 hollow nanostructures for enhanced solar energy utilization efficiency

Rare-earth doped titania single-crystalline hollow nanoparticles of 20 nm are constructed via a simple sol-gel process. Amphiphilic ABA tri-block copolymers played a key role in assisting the formation of hollow structure, for which a hollow nanostructure growth mechanism is proposed. By introducing rare earth into the synthesis process, the as-prepared nanoparticles exhibit near-infrared light absorption properties. Photo-decomposition efficiency of Orange II azo dye can be successfully evaluated when using Yb3+-doped Ti O2 hollow nanoparticles as photocatalysts; it is more than two times higher than the pure Ti O2 hollow nanoparticles. The hollow nanostructured Yb3+-doped Ti O2 samples are exploited as photoanodes in N719- sensitized solar cells and prove able to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency by measuring the solar cell parameters of dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs) under simulative sunlight.

Industry-compatible covalent organic frameworks for green chemical engineering

In order to move towards sustainable development, the discovery of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly materials has become increasingly imperative. Covalent organic frameworks(COFs) as emerging designable crystalline porous materials have captured increasing attention for a wide array of clean-energy and environmental applications, attributed to their attractive advantages of low density, high surface area, adjustable and periodic pores, and functional skeletons. This review attempts to highlight the key advancements made in the green synthesis of COFs, processing of COFs, energy and environment-related applications, including gas storage, water treatment, the separation of gas mixture and organic molecules, catalysis, supercapacitors, fuel cell, and rechargeable batteries. Finally, a perspective regarding the remaining challenges and future directions on the synthesis and promising application for green chemical engineering of COFs has also been presented based on current achievements.

Digital medical education empowered by intelligent fabric space

Medical education plays an important role in promoting the development of global medical science.Nevertheless,the intrinsic gap existing between institutional medical teaching and practical clinical tasks causes low education efficiency and students’weak initiative.Recent developments of sensing fabric and embedded computing,along with the advances in artificial intelligence(AI)and digital twin technology are paving the way for the transformation of medical research towards digitization.In this work,we present an intelligent fabric space based on novel functional fabric materials and digital twin networking enabled by 5G and internet of things(IoT)technologies.In this space,medical students can learn knowledge with collaborative mapping of the digital and real world,cyber-physical interaction and real-time tactile feedback.And the proposed service system will evaluate and feedback students’operational behaviors to improve their experimental skills.We provide four typical applications of intelligent fabric space for medical education,including medical education training,health and behavior tracking,operation playback and reproduction,as well as medical knowledge popularization.The proposed intelligent fabric space has the potential to promote innovative technologies for training cutting-edge medical students by effective and efficient ways.