26.75 cm^(2) organic solar modules demonstrate a certified efficiency of 14.34%

Organic solar cells(OSCs)have been developed rapidly in past years,due to the fast evolution of wide-bandgap copoly-mer donors and low-bandgap non-fullerene acceptors[1−9].At present,the highest power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)for single-junction OSCs and tandem OSCs exceed 19%and 20%,respectively[10,11].These OSCs are typically fabricated by us-ing low-boiling-point solvent chloroform(CF)with an effect-ive area<0.1 cm^(2).The doctor-blading deposition is the most advantageous technique to fabricate OSCs with low-boiling-point solvent for upscaling lab cells to industrial-scale mod-ules[12],exhibiting simple operation,low cost,and high materi-al utilization[13−15].Herein,a typical OSC material system PM6:Y6(Fig.1(a))was used to fabricate OSCs modules via doc-tor-blading deposition in ambient condition,and the influ-ence of the ambient temperature and substrate temperature on the film quality was investigated.

中兽药防治大肠杆菌性仔猪腹泻研究

仔猪腹泻是严重的仔猪疾病之一,常用抗生素进行治疗,但细菌耐药性导致药物的治疗效果下降。目前,有很多研究报道中草药防治仔猪腹泻取得了良好的疗效。本文从中药抗动物腹泻的作用机理、仔猪大肠杆菌性腹泻的中兽医辨证、中药抗仔猪大肠杆菌性腹泻的作用机理三个方面展开论述中药防治仔猪腹泻的研究进展,为防治仔猪腹泻的中兽药开发提供理论基础。

A Simplified Formulation to Estimate Influence of Gearbox Parameters on the Rattle Noise

Occurrence of gear rattle in transmission systems can result in severe vibration and noise,which in applications such as automobiles is an important source of user discomfort.As a result,the reduction of the rattling noise has attracted lot of concerns.The rattling noise level is affected by several gearbox parameters,an understanding of which is essential to prevent the expensive design modifications at later stages of product development.To develop such understanding at the gearbox design stage,this paper analytically evaluates the gear parameters’effect on the root mean square of the wheel gear acceleration under idling condition,which is known to be linearly correlated to the rattling noise level.Therefore,this evaluation allows for an investigation of the gear parameters’influence on the rattling noise as well.This method is then verified by comparing the analytical results with the simulation results from a dynamic model built in SIMPACK as well as previously published experimental results.Thus,the proposed analytical evaluation method can optimize the gearbox specifications at the design stage to reduce the gear rattle noise level.

Research on the Curriculum System of Software Engineering under the Background of“Double First-Class”Construction

To build the top class of higher education by focusing on the goal of the“Double First-Class”,it needs to analyze the defect and deficiency and identify the demand for the training of the talent under the background of“Double First-Class”.Considering of those issues,it is suggested that building the curriculum system scientifically and rationally in following aspects:deepening the training objectives,professionalizing the structure and contents of the curriculum system,optimizing the content,enhancing the construction of practical education system and internationalizing the curriculum system.Also,with those aspects,a reference is provided for the cultivation of talents with innovative consciousness and ability to solve complex engineering problems under the background of the“Double First-Class”construction.

Discovery of natural-product-derived sequanamycins as potent oral anti-tuberculosis agents

The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis has created an urgent need for new anti-tubercular agents. Here, we report thediscovery of a series of macrolides called sequanamycins with outstanding in vitro and in vivo activity against Mycobacteriumtuberculosis (Mtb). Sequanamycins are bacterial ribosome inhibitors that interact with the ribosome in a similar manner to classicmacrolides like erythromycin and clarithromycin, but with binding characteristics that allow them to overcome the inherentmacrolide resistance of Mtb. Structures of the ribosome with bound inhibitors were used to optimize sequanamycin to produce theadvanced lead compound SEQ-9. SEQ-9 was efficacious in mouse models of acute and chronic TB as a single agent, and itdemonstrated bactericidal activity in a murine TB infection model in combination with other TB drugs. These results supportfurther investigation of this series as TB clinical candidates, with the potential for use in new regimens against drug-susceptibleand drug-resistant TB.

事件层组合特征限定软沉积变形的地震成因——在青岛灵山岛的应用

对软沉积物变形构造的形成过程解析和触发因素识别一直是国内外事件沉积学研究的重点和难点。国内外学者常将地层中保存的软沉积物变形构造的形成归因于地震作用,但缺乏足够的证据来支撑地震震动触发相应的沉积过程与变形机制。由于软沉积物变形构造可以由地震、风暴和非地震参与的液化作用、重力作用及滑坡等因素触发,且可能受瑞利—泰勒不稳定性(因密度差异沿垂向变形)或开尔文—亥姆获兹不稳定性(沿水平方向变形)机制的控制,软沉积物变形构造本身并不能作为特定触发因素的判别标志。此前,通过解析事件层组合特征来揭示与软沉积物变形构造形成相关的沉积过程和变形机制,进而限定变形构造触发因素的方法已成功应用于中东地区死海盆地(死海断裂带)的事件沉积研究中。尝试应用此方法来解析灵山岛灯塔剖面底部软沉积物变形构造的变形机制与触发因素,研究发现灯塔剖面底部的软沉积物变形构造是原位形成与保存的,并被浊流沉积层上覆,且二者之间无背景沉积物。这种独特的事件层组合指示原位变形和异地搬运两种水下沉积过程准同期发生,而能够同时激发这两类物质来源与沉积过程迥异的事件沉积响应的最可能因素是区域强震震动。结合灵山岛研究案例认为,前人所做的模式化的事件沉积成因判别标志不宜直接套用,而控制事件沉积的沉积过程与物理机制具有一定的普适性,应该是事件沉积学研究的关键。

基于生物素的荧光有机小分子及其应用

生物素是一种水溶性维生素,在人体中作为一种重要的羧酸酶辅酶起作用,近年来受到化学家和生物学家的广泛青睐。此外,其在各种生理和病理过程中表现出低毒性,可以被设计成具有靶向选择性的药物载体,能将抗癌药物有效地传递给肿瘤细胞。如今含生物素的小分子已发展成一类具有显著应用价值的生物功能分子。该类化合物具有合成简便、易功能化和特异性强等优点。本文综述了生物素及其衍生物在生物传感、药物释放和其他领域的研究进展,并对其发展趋势做出了展望。

Layer-by-layer slot-die coated high-efficiency organic solar cells processed using twin boiling point solvents under ambient condition

Layer-by-layer (LbL) strategy has been developed to form bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure for processing efficient organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, LbL slot-die coating with twin boiling point solvents (TBPS) strategy was developed to fabricate highly efficient OSCs, which matches with large-scale, high throughput roll-to-roll (R2R) industrialized mass process. The TBPS strategy could produce high-quality thin film without any additive, leading to the optimized vertical phase separation with interpenetrating nanostructures, as well as the enhanced charge transport and extraction. Thus, the power conversion efficiency up to 14.42% was achieved for [(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl-3-fluoro)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1′,3′-di-2-thienyl-5′,7′-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1′,2′-c:4′,5′-c′]dithiophene-4,8-dione)]:2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2″,3″:4″,5″]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene)) bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (PM6:Y6) OSCs fabricated via sequentially LbL slot-die coating using the TBPS strategy under ambient condition. The research provides a potential route for industrialized production of high-efficiency and large-area OSC devices.

Magic-sized CdSe nanoclusters for efficient visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution

Semiconductor magic-sized nanoclusters have got tremendous interests owing to their distinct chemical and photophysical properties,however,researches concerning their applications are still quite limited.Herein,we employ magic-sized CdSe nanoclusters as the light absorber for hydrogen photogeneration,which exhibits much better photocatalytic performance as compared to other conventional semiconductor quantum dots,such as CdS,CdSe,CdS/CdSe,and CdSe/CdS under identical conditions.Photoluminescence lifetime and transient absorption studies indicated that the superior activity is mainly ascribed to the longer exciton lifetime and fast electron transfer from nanoclusters to cocatalyst.Moreover,the issue of instability during reaction could be significantly inhibited by anchoring Zn2+onto the surface of nanoclusters,which gives the average efficacy of hydrogen evolution at 0.61±0.07 mL·h^(-1)·mgcatalyst^(-1),i.e.,27.3±2.9 mmol·h^(-1)·g_(catalyst)^(-1)(420 nm)with maintained 95.2%of original activity over 12 h illumination.

Understanding energetic disorder in electron-deficient-core-based non-fullerene solar cells

Recent advances in material design for organic solar cells(OSCs)are primarily focused on developing near-infrared nonfullerene acceptors,typically A-DA′D-A type acceptors(where A abbreviates an electron-withdrawing moiety and D,an electron-donor moiety),to achieve high external quantum efficiency while maintaining low voltage loss.However,the charge transport is still constrained by unfavorable molecular conformations,resulting in high energetic disorder and limiting the device performance.Here,a facile design strategy is reported by introducing the"wing"(alkyl chains)at the terminal of the DA′D central core of the A-DA′D-A type acceptor to achieve a favorable and ordered molecular orientation and therefore facilitate charge carrier transport.Benefitting from the reduced disorder,the electron mobilities could be significantly enhanced for the"wing"-containing molecules.By carefully changing the length of alkyl chains,the mobility of acceptor has been tuned to match with that of donor,leading to a minimized charge imbalance factor and a high fill factor(FF).We further provide useful design strategies for highly efficient OSCs with high FF.

Pore structure characteristics of low-rank coal reservoirs with different ash yields and their implications for recoverability of coalbed methane—a case study from the Erlian Basin, northeastern China

Pores are the main accumulation sites and migration pathways for coalbed methane(also referred to as CBM).Pore structure restricts the content and recoverability of CBM from coal reservoirs.In this study,12 representative coal samples with different ash yields that have similar tectonic characteristics and burial depths were collected from different mining areas in the Jiergalangtu and Huolinhe depressions in the Erlian Basin.These samples were used to study the restrictions of ash yield on the characteristics of coal pore structures and the recoverability of CBM through macroscopic and microscopic structure observation,scanning electron microscope observations,vitrinite reflectance tests,low-temperature N2 adsorption,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),and micro-computed tomography.The results show that coal reservoirs in the study area vary greatly in ash yield,based on which they can be divided into three types,i.e.,low-ash-content,ash-bearing,and high-ash-content coal reservoirs.In addition,the ash yield has a certain impact on the development of coal pores;coal samples with lower ash yields indicate the presence of well-developed medium-large pores and better connectivity.Ash yield also has a certain impact on the brittleness of coal wherein a lower ash yield implies the development of brittle coal that is more liable to fracture as compared to less brittle samples at the same pressure.Absorbed gas content also varies significantly with ash yield;a low ash yield impacts the gas saturation of coal.Overall,for coal reservoirs in the study area,their porosity,pore diameter,movable fluid porosity,adsorbed gas amount,and recoverability decrease as the ash yield increases.

Thermally stable poly(3-hexylthiophene):Nonfullerene solar cells with efficiency breaking 10%

Solar cells featuring polythiophenes as donors are one of the optoelectronic devices that hold notable promises for commercial application,profiting from the lowest synthetic complexity and excellent scalability.However,the complex phase behaviors of polythiophenes and their blends put constraints on modulating electrical performance and thus realizing stable performance under thermal stress.In this contribution,we present a multi-technique approach that combines calorimetry,scattering,spectroscopy,and microscopy to thoroughly probe the thermodynamic mixing,thermal properties of materials,the evolution of nanoscale domain structure,and device performance of poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)with a range of nonfullerene acceptors(NFAs)such as ITIC,IDTBR,and ZY-4Cl.Accordingly,two blending guidelines are established for matching these popular NFAs with P3HT to enable highly efficient and thermally stable cells.First,blend systems with weak vitrification and hypo-miscibility are excellent candidates for efficient solar cells.Furthermore,high thermal stability can be achieved by selecting NFAs with diffusion-limited crystallization.The P3HT:ZY-4Cl blend was found to endow the best performance of over 10%efficiency and an exceptionally high T_(80) lifetime of>6000 h under continuous thermal annealing,which are among the highest values for P3HT-based solar cells.This realization of high thermal stability and efficiency demonstrates the remarkable potentials of simple polythiophene:nonfullerene pairs in electronic applications.

A High Selective Chemiluminescent Probe Derived from Iso-luminol Enabling High Sensitive Determination of Ferrous Ions in the Environmental Waters

A new chemiluminescence(CL)reagent named 4-amino-5-thiocyanato-phthalyl-hydrazine(iso-luminol-SCN)is synthesized by the bromide-mediated substitution reaction of iso-luminol with sodium thiocyanate in dimethyl formamide(DMF)at room temperature.Strong CL is observed for iso-luminol-SCN oxidized by hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)in the presence of Fe^(2+),with the CL intensity strongly depending on the concentration of Fe^(2+)and being hardly interferred by other common metal ions.Based on this fact,a flow injection CL method is established for the high sensitive and selective determination of Fe^(2+).The CL intensity was linearly correlated with the concentration of Fe^(2+)in the range of 1.0×10^(–8) mol·L^(-1) to 1.0×10^(–5) mol·L^(-1) following the equation CLnet=166.3c+57.7(c,×10^(–6) mol·L^(-1);n=7;R2=0.9988).The detection limit is calculated to be 3.2×10–9 mol·L^(-1) Fe^(2+)based on the 3S0/K principle.The relative standard deviation(RSD)was 3.7%for 1.0×10^(–6) mol·L^(-1) Fe^(2+)(n=11),a support for the precision of Fe^(2+)measurement.The recoveries of Fe^(2+)were obtained in the range of 98.8%—101.6%in three real water samples,showing the applicability and reliability by the proposed method.The possible CL mechanism is proposed based on the kinetic characteristic of the CL reaction and the CL spectrum.

美国医疗机构收入周期流程RPA实践案例分析

收入周期管理是西方医院管理中非常关键和突出的问题。收入周期管理泛境跟踪患者从开始就诊一直到医疗系统支付完毕的整个工作流程管理。收入周期管理一般在医院管理中划归为财务流程,主要以患者从就诊到最后医疗系统支付中收入和成本的活动为主线。收入周期管理被认为是美国医院可以生存的核心业务,也被认为是医院管理中主要成本和收入承担单元。本文介绍美国中西部的一个医疗机构的收入周期管理系统信息化的实践,从而提出企业管理系统在信息化过程中应注意的问题、可参考的意见和积极的建议。

Financial Pressure,Economic Stimulus and Land Transfer with the Aim of Attracting Investment-Empirical Evidence Based on Micro Data of Industrial Land

Although China’s local governments are facing greater financial pressure,they often sell industrial land at low prices to attract investment.Local government land transfer strategies refl ect driving mechanisms of officials’behavior.Based on the micro data of about 340000 industrial land sales in 289 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2015,this paper divides industrial land transfer into two categories,namely land transfer with the aim of attracting investment and normal transfer,according to whether the transfer price is lower than the minimum price stipulated by central government.The paper explores the strategies of industrial land transfer under financial pressure and the motivation differences of officials with the help of changes in local land transfers after the introduction of economic stimulus policies.It is found that financial pressure will signifi cantly reduce local industrial land transfer with the aim of investment attraction.However,after the introduction of economic stimulus policies,although financial pressure has increased,the infl uence of financial pressure on local governments’investment-induced land transfer behavior significantly weakened due to the increase of out-of-system financing channels,thus industrial land transfer with the aim of attracting investment has increased signifi cantly.From the perspective of promotion incentives of officials,officials with longer term were more inclined to sell industrial land to attract investment.Therefore,it is necessary to rationally arrange the financial resources and powers of central and local governments,to adapt reasonable macro control method and strategy,and to build an offi cial evaluation system that meets the needs of high-quality development.

Rationale and Study Design for Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Intracardiac Echocardiography-Guided Minimal-Fluoroscopy Ablation in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation:A Non-Inferior,Multi-Center,Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial(PAF-ICE Trial)

The feasibility and safety of intracardiac echocardiography(ICE)-guided catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation(AF)using a minimal/zero-fluoroscopy approach have recently been reported.This approach helps to reduce ionizing radiation exposure and orthopedic complications resulting from using lead aprons.The objectives of this planned prospective,multicenter randomized controlled trial(RCT)(paroxysmal AF(PAF)-ICE trial;ChiCTR2000033624)are to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ICE-guided minimal-fluoroscopy ablation in patients with PAF and the impact on occupational hazards among lab staff.Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to 2 groups:minimal fluoroscopy group(n=216)and traditional approach group(n=216).In the minimal fluoroscopy group,an ICE catheter will be used for geometry/anatomic construction,transseptal puncture,catheter tracking,and effusion monitoring.Pulmonary vein isolation(PVI)will be performed using an open-irrigated radiofrequency SmartTouch Surround Flow or SmartTouch catheter(Biosense Webster,Diamond Bar,California,USA),and confirmed by a multipolar Lasso or PentaRay catheter(Biosense Webster).In the traditional approach group,an ICE catheter will not be used.Transseptal puncture will be performed under fluoroscopic guidance,with all geometries constructed by mapping the catheters.The primary efficacy endpoint is freedom from AF recurrence(without antiarrhythmic medications)at 12months after ablation.Other endpoints include duration of lead apron use,measures of intra-procedural efficiency,and peri-procedural complications.This RCT will evaluate the efficacy and safety of ICE-guided minimal-fluoroscopy ablation in patients with PAF,also evaluate the benefits to lab staff(regarding reducing occupational hazards)related to this“minimal/zero-fluoroscopy”and“leadless”mode.