Alzheimer’s disease is a debilitating,progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive accumulation of abnormal proteins,including amyloid plaques and intracellular tau tangles,primarily within...Alzheimer’s disease is a debilitating,progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive accumulation of abnormal proteins,including amyloid plaques and intracellular tau tangles,primarily within the brain.Lysosomes,crucial intracellular organelles responsible for protein degradation,play a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.Some studies have suggested a link between the dysregulation of the lysosomal system and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease.Restoring the normal physiological function of lysosomes hold the potential to reduce the pathological burden and improve the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.Currently,the efficacy of drugs in treating Alzheimer’s disease is limited,with major challenges in drug delivery efficiency and targeting.Recently,nanomaterials have gained widespread use in Alzheimer’s disease drug research owing to their favorable physical and chemical properties.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in using nanomaterials(polymeric nanomaterials,nanoemulsions,and carbon-based nanomaterials)to enhance lysosomal function in treating Alzheimer’s disease.This review also explores new concepts and potential therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease through the integration of nanomaterials and modulation of lysosomal function.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the potential of nanomaterials in modulating lysosomal function to improve the pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease.The application of nanotechnology to the development of Alzheimer’s disease drugs brings new ideas and approaches for future treatment of this disease.展开更多
Background:Long noncoding RNA,LINC01106 exhibits high expression in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)tumor tissues,but its functional role and regulatory mechanism in LUAD cells remain unclear.Methods:LINC01106 expression was...Background:Long noncoding RNA,LINC01106 exhibits high expression in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)tumor tissues,but its functional role and regulatory mechanism in LUAD cells remain unclear.Methods:LINC01106 expression was analyzed in LUAD tissues and its functional impact on LUAD cells was assessed.LUAD cells were silenced with sh-LINC01106 and injected into nude mice to investigate tumor growth.The downstream transcription factors and molecular mechanism were determined using the Human transcription factor database(TFDB)database and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis(GEPIA)database.Additionally,the impact of linc01106 on autophagy was analyzed by determining the expression of autophagy-related genes(ATGs)in LUAD cells.Results:Our results showed that LINC01106 exhibited upregulation in both LUAD tissues and cell lines.The silencing of LINC01106 demonstrated a suppressive effect on tumorigenesis in a xenograft mouse model of LUAD.Additionally,LINC01106 was found to recruit TATA-binding protein-associated factor 15(TAF15),an RNA-binding protein,thereby enhancing the mRNA stability of TEA domain transcription factor 4(TEAD4).In turn,TEAD4 served as a transcription factor that bound to the LINC01106 promoter and regulated its expression.Further assays indicated that LINC01106 promoted autophagy in LUAD cells by upregulating the expression of autophagy-related genes(ATGs).The silencing of LINC01106 in LUAD cells inhibited autophagy,and cell proliferation,and promoted apoptosis,which all were effectively reversed by ATG5 overexpression.Conclusions:Overall,LINC01106,transcriptionally activated by TEAD4,interacts with TAF15 to promote the stability of TEAD4 and upregulates the expression of ATGs,promoting malignancy of LUAD cells.展开更多
The current therapeutic drugs for Alzheimer's disease only improve symptoms,they do not delay disease progression.Therefo re,there is an urgent need for new effective drugs.The underlying pathogenic factors of Alz...The current therapeutic drugs for Alzheimer's disease only improve symptoms,they do not delay disease progression.Therefo re,there is an urgent need for new effective drugs.The underlying pathogenic factors of Alzheimer's disease are not clear,but neuroinflammation can link various hypotheses of Alzheimer's disease;hence,targeting neuroinflammation may be a new hope for Alzheimer's disease treatment.Inhibiting inflammation can restore neuronal function,promote neuro regeneration,reduce the pathological burden of Alzheimer's disease,and improve or even reverse symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.This review focuses on the relationship between inflammation and various pathological hypotheses of Alzheimer's disease;reports the mechanisms and characteristics of small-molecule drugs(e.g.,nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,neurosteroids,and plant extracts);macromolecule drugs(e.g.,peptides,proteins,and gene therapeutics);and nanocarriers(e.g.,lipid-based nanoparticles,polymeric nanoparticles,nanoemulsions,and inorganic nanoparticles)in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.The review also makes recommendations for the prospective development of anti-inflammatory strategies based on nanocarriers for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
The number and composition of species in a community can be quantified withα-diversity indices,including species richness(R),Simpson’s index(D),and the Shannon-Wiener index(H΄).In forest communities,there are large ...The number and composition of species in a community can be quantified withα-diversity indices,including species richness(R),Simpson’s index(D),and the Shannon-Wiener index(H΄).In forest communities,there are large variations in tree size among species and individu-als of the same species,which result in differences in eco-logical processes and ecosystem functions.However,tree size inequality(TSI)has been largely neglected in studies using the available diversity indices.The TSI in the diameter at breast height(DBH)data for each of 99920 m×20 m forest census quadrats was quantified using the Gini index(GI),a measure of the inequality of size distribution.The generalized performance equation was used to describe the rotated and right-shifted Lorenz curve of the cumulative proportion of DBH and the cumulative proportion of number of trees per quadrat.We also examined the relationships ofα-diversity indices with the GI using correlation tests.The generalized performance equation effectively described the rotated and right-shifted Lorenz curve of DBH distributions,with most root-mean-square errors(990 out of 999 quadrats)being<0.0030.There were significant positive correlations between each of threeα-diversity indices(i.e.,R,D,and H’)and the GI.Nevertheless,the total abundance of trees in each quadrat did not significantly influence the GI.This means that the TSI increased with increasing spe-cies diversity.Thus,two new indices are proposed that can balanceα-diversity against the extent of TSI in the com-munity:(1−GI)×D,and(1−GI)×H’.These new indices were significantly correlated with the original D and H΄,and did not increase the extent of variation within each group of indices.This study presents a useful tool for quantifying both species diversity and the variation in tree sizes in forest communities,especially in the face of cumulative species loss under global climate change.展开更多
Due to the considerable uncertainties inherent in the datasets describing the spatiotemporal distributions of precipitation in the drylands of China,this study presents a new merged monthly precipitation product with ...Due to the considerable uncertainties inherent in the datasets describing the spatiotemporal distributions of precipitation in the drylands of China,this study presents a new merged monthly precipitation product with a spatial resolution of approximately 0.2°×0.2°during 1980–2019.The newly developed precipitation product was validated at different temporal scales(e.g.,monthly,seasonally,and annually).The results show that the new product consistently aligns with the spatiotemporal distributions reported by the Chinese Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System(CLDAS)product and Multi-Source Weighted Ensemble Precipitation(MSWEP).The merged product exhibits exceptional quality in describing the drylands of China,with a bias of–2.19 mm month^(–1)relative to MSWEP.In addition,the annual trend of the merged product(0.09 mm month^(–1)yr^(−1))also closely aligns with that of the MSWEP(0.11 mm month^(–1)yr^(−1))during 1980–2019.The increasing trend indicates that the water cycle and wetting process intensified in the drylands of China during this period.In particular,there was an increase in wetting during the period from 2001–2019.Generally,the merged product exhibits potential value for improving our understanding of the climate and water cycle in the drylands of China.展开更多
Introduction The immune system is the cornerstone of human health,with most diseases and health conditions closely related to immune status.Therefore,immune status management is a core health issue.In recent years,sig...Introduction The immune system is the cornerstone of human health,with most diseases and health conditions closely related to immune status.Therefore,immune status management is a core health issue.In recent years,significant research breakthroughs in immunosuppressants,immune cell therapy,and immune checkpoint inhibitors have enabled clinical experts and researchers to effectively modulate immune status and regulate immunity more efficient.Key questions in the field of immunology include:How can immune function be visually assessed?What constitutes normal immune cell function status?How can immune cell function status be quantitatively evaluated?How can a standardized system for assessing immune cell function status be established?Currently,there is no consensus on these issues worldwide.On August 28,2023,the National Natural Science Foundation of China announced the National Major Research Plan:Immune Power Digital Decoding Research.Traditional research models have failed to systematically reveal the generation and evolution of immune power.展开更多
Recent trends in road engineering have explored the potential of incorporating recycled solid wastes into infrastructures that including pavements,bridges,tunnels,and accessory structures.The utilization of solid wast...Recent trends in road engineering have explored the potential of incorporating recycled solid wastes into infrastructures that including pavements,bridges,tunnels,and accessory structures.The utilization of solid wastes is expected to offer sustainable solutions to waste recycling while enhancing the performance of roads.This review provides an extensive analysis of the recycling of three main types of solid wastes for road engineering purposes:industrial solid waste,infrastructure solid waste,and municipal life solid waste.Industrial solid wastes suitable for road engineering generally include coal gangue,fly ash,blast furnace slag,silica fume,and steel slag,etc.Infrastructure solid wastes recycled in road engineering primarily consist of construction&demolition waste,reclaimed asphalt pavements,and recycled cement concrete.Furthermore,recent exploration has extended to the utilization of municipal life solid wastes,such as incinerated bottom ash,glass waste,electronics waste,plastic waste,and rubber waste in road engineering applications.These recycled solid wastes are categorized into solid waste aggregates,solid waste cements,and solid waste fillers,each playing distinct roles in road infrastructure.Roles of solid waste acting aggregates,cements,and fillers in road infrastructures were fully investigated,including their pozzolanic properties,integration effects to virgin materials,modification or enhancement solutions,engineering performances.Utilization of these materials not only addresses the challenge of waste management but also offers environmental benefits aiming carbon neutral and contributes to sustainable infrastructure development.However,challenges such as variability in material properties,environmental impact mitigation,secondary pollution to environment by leaching,and concerns regarding long-term performance need to be further addressed.Despite these challenges,the recycled solid wastes hold immense potential in revolutionizing road construction practices and fostering environmental stewardship.This review delves into a bird’seye view of the utilization of recycled solid wastes in road engineering,highlighting advances,benefits,challenges,and future prospects.展开更多
The latest review published in Nature Reviews Drug Discovery by Michael W.Mullowney and co-authors focuses on the use of artificial intelligence techniques,specifically machine learning,in natural product drug discove...The latest review published in Nature Reviews Drug Discovery by Michael W.Mullowney and co-authors focuses on the use of artificial intelligence techniques,specifically machine learning,in natural product drug discovery.The authors discussed various applications of AI in this field,such as genome and metabolome mining,structural characterization of natural products,and predicting targets and biological activities of these compounds.They also highlighted the challenges associated with creating and managing large datasets for training algorithms,as well as strategies to address these obstacles.Additionally,the authors examine common pitfalls in algorithm training and offer suggestions for avoiding them.展开更多
With the advent of the knowledge economy era and the acceleration of globalization,the demand for talent in society has gradually become innovative.The traditional mode of university education management has become di...With the advent of the knowledge economy era and the acceleration of globalization,the demand for talent in society has gradually become innovative.The traditional mode of university education management has become difficult to adapt to the requirements of the new era.Therefore,it is urgent to reform university education management from the perspective of innovative education.This article aims to explore the inherent relationship between innovative education and education management,analyze the current situation and existing problems of university education management,and propose strategies for reforming university education management,providing references for universities to cultivate innovative talents.展开更多
Background： Few studies have attempted to evaluate the use of antiemetic therapy for chemotherapyinduced nausea and vomiting （CINV） at a national level in China or to assess how treatment regimens adhere to current...Background： Few studies have attempted to evaluate the use of antiemetic therapy for chemotherapyinduced nausea and vomiting （CINV） at a national level in China or to assess how treatment regimens adhere to current guidelines. Methods： We searched the China Health Insurance Research Association （CHIRA） Database to identify patients with cancer who were 〉 18 years old and received either moderately or highly emetogenie chemotherapy （MEC and HEC, respectively） between 2008 and 2012. Patients＇ characteristics as well as usage of specific antiemetic regimens were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results： Of the 14,548 patients included in the study, 6,477 received HEC while 8,071 were treated with MEC. Approximately 89.9% used antiemetics prophylactically to prevent acute CINV and 71.5% for delayed CINV while 9.0% were prescribed antiemetics as rescue therapy. A significantly lower proportion of patients treated with HEC received prophylactic antiemetic therapy for delayed CINV as compared to those treated with MEC （59.4% vs. 81.3 %; P〈0.001）. The HEC group had a slightly lower proportion of patients using a mixed regimen containing a 5-HT3 antagonist to prevent both acute and delayed CINV than the MEC group （P〈0.012）; however, a higher proportion received a mixed regimen containing eorticosteroids （P≤0.007）. Although more than half of the patients in the HEC group took three antiemeties to prevent acute and delayed CINV, these rates were significantly lower than those of the MEC group （both P〈0.001）. Finally, analysis of the regimens used revealed that there is over-utilization of drugs within the same class of antiemetic. Conclusions： These findings indicate that more attention is needed for treatment of delayed CINV, in terms of both overall use and the components of a typical treatment regimen.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of constraint-induced movement therapy in acute and sub-acute stroke. DATA SOURCES： The key words were stroke, cerebrovascular accident,...OBJECTIVE： The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of constraint-induced movement therapy in acute and sub-acute stroke. DATA SOURCES： The key words were stroke, cerebrovascular accident, constraint-induced therapy, forced use, and randomized controlled trial. The databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, Weipu Information Resources System, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Med- line, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, were searched for studies on randomized controlled trials for treating acute or sub-acute stroke published before March 2016. DATA SELECTION： We retrieved relevant randomized controlled trials that compared constraint-induced movement therapy in treatment of acute or sub-acute stroke with traditional rehabilitation therapy （tradi- tional occupational therapy）. Patients were older than 18 years, had disease courses less than 6 months, and were evaluated with at least one upper extremity function scale. Study quality was evaluated, and data that met the criteria were extracted. Stata 11.0 software was used for the meta-analysis. OUTCOME MEASURES： Fugl-Meyer motor assessment of the arm, the action research-arm test, a motor activity log for amount of use and quality of movement, the Wolf motor function test, and a modified Bar- thel index. RESULTS： A total of 16 prospective randomized controlled trials （379 patients in the constraint-induced movement-therapy group and 359 in the control group） met inclusion criteria. Analysis showed significant mean differences in favor of constraint-induced movement therapy for the Fugl-Meyer motor assessment of the arm （weighted mean difference （WMD） = 10.822; 95% confidence intervals （95% CI）： 7.419-14.226）, the action research-arm test （WMD = 10.718; 95% CI： 5.704-15.733）, the motor activity log for amount of use and quality of movement （WMD = 0.812; 95% CI： 0.331-1.293） and the modified Barthel index （WMD = 10.706; 95% CI： 4.417-16.966）. CONCLUSION： Constraint-induced movement therapy may be more beneficial than traditional rehabili- tation therapy for improving upper limb function after acute or sub-acute stroke.展开更多
Topology Optimization(TO)is a powerful numerical technique to determine the optimal material layout in a design domain,which has accepted considerable developments in recent years.The classic Finite Element Method(FEM...Topology Optimization(TO)is a powerful numerical technique to determine the optimal material layout in a design domain,which has accepted considerable developments in recent years.The classic Finite Element Method(FEM)is applied to compute the unknown structural responses in TO.However,several numerical deficiencies of the FEM significantly influence the effectiveness and efficiency of TO.In order to eliminate the negative influence of the FEM on TO,IsoGeometric Analysis(IGA)has become a promising alternative due to its unique feature that the Computer-Aided Design(CAD)model and Computer-Aided Engineering(CAE)model can be unified into a same mathematical model.In the paper,the main intention is to provide a comprehensive overview for the developments of Isogeometric Topology Optimization(ITO)in methods and applications.Finally,some prospects for the developments of ITO in the future are also presented.展开更多
AIM： To identity the factors influencing colorectal cancer （CRC） screening behavior and willingness among Chinese outpatients.METHODS： An outpatient-based face-to-face survey was conducted from August 18 to Septem...AIM： To identity the factors influencing colorectal cancer （CRC） screening behavior and willingness among Chinese outpatients.METHODS： An outpatient-based face-to-face survey was conducted from August 18 to September 7, 2010 in Changhai Hospital. A total of 1200 consecutive patients aged ≥ 18 years were recruited for interview. The patient＇s knowledge about CRC and screening was pre-measured as a predictor variable, and other pre- dictors included age, gender, educational level, month- ly household income and health insurance status. The relationship between these predictors and screening behavior, screening willingness and screening approach were examined using Pearson＇s 2 test and logistic regression analyses.RESULTS： Of these outpatients, 22.5% had undergone CRC screening prior to this study. Patients who had participated in the screening were more likely to have good knowledge about CRC and screening （OR： 5.299, 95% CI： 3.415-8.223）, have health insurance （OR： 1.996, 95% CI： 1.426-2.794） and older in age. Higher income, however, was found to be a barrier to the screening （OR： 0.633, 95% CI： 0.467-0.858）. An analysis of screening willingness showed that 37.5% of the patients would voluntarily participated in a screen at the recommended age, but 41.3% would do so under doctor＇s advice. Screening willingness was positively correlated with the patient＇s knowledge sta- tus. Patients with higher knowledge levels would like to participate in the screening （OR： 4.352, 95% CI： 3.008-6.298）, and they would select colonoscopy as a screening approach （OR： 3.513, 95% CI： 2.290-5.389）. However, higher income level was, again, a bar- rier to colonoscopic screening （OR： 0.667, 95% CI： 0.505-0.908）. CONCLUSION： Patient＇s level of knowledge and in-ome should be taken into consideration when conducting a feasible CRC screening.展开更多
Background:The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of a combination of microencapsulated essential oils and organic acids(MOA)on growth performance,immuno-antioxidant status,intestinal barrier func...Background:The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of a combination of microencapsulated essential oils and organic acids(MOA)on growth performance,immuno-antioxidant status,intestinal barrier function and microbial structure of the hindgut in piglets.A total of 120 piglets(Duroc×[Landrace×Yorkshire];weighted 7.66±1.79 kg,weaned at d 28)were randomly selected and allocated to 3 treatments with 4 replicates per group and 10 piglets per replicate according to the initial body weight and gender.The dietary treatments were as follows:1)basal diet(Ctrl);2)Ctrl+chlortetracycline(75 mg/kg)(AGP);3)Ctrl+MOA(1500 mg/kg).The experiment period was lasted for 21 d.Results:Compared to the Ctrl group,dietary supplemented MOA alleviated(P<0.05)the diarrhea rate from d 12 to 21,enhanced(P<0.05)the concentration of serum interlukin-10 and glutathione peroxidase in piglets on d 11 after weaning and serum superoxide dismutase in 21-day piglets.The MOA group also improved(P<0.05)the apparent digestibility of dry matter(DM),organic matter(OM)and gross energy(GE),up-regulated(P<0.05)the mRNA expression level of occludin,claudin-1 and mucin-2 in ileum and increased(P<0.05)the contents of propionic and butyric acids in the cecum of piglets.The MOA group modulated the cecal and colonic microbial community structure and increased(P<0.05)the abundance of Faecalibacterium and Muribaculaceae in cecum and Streptococcus and Weissella in colon.Additionally,AGP group decreased(P<0.05)apparent digestibility of DM,OM and GE as well as down-regulated(P<0.05)relative gene expression level of claudin-1 in duodenum and jejunum,ZO-1 and mucin-1 in jejunum of piglets.Conclusion:In summary,dietary supplemented MOA alleviated diarrhea and improved nutrient apparent digestibility in piglets via enhancing immuno-antioxidant properties,increasing digestive enzyme activity,upregulating the expression of intestinal barrier-related genes,and modifying the microbial community structure of the cecum and colon.Therefore,dietary supplementation with MOA as an alternative to antibiotics was feasible to improve intestinal health of piglets in practical production.展开更多
Introduction Over 300000 people in China die each year of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which accounts for approximately half of HCCrelated deaths worldwide.Liver transplantation(LT)is generally recognized as one of t...Introduction Over 300000 people in China die each year of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which accounts for approximately half of HCCrelated deaths worldwide.Liver transplantation(LT)is generally recognized as one of the most effective therapeutic approaches for end-stage liver diseases.Since the beginning of the second LT boom in the 1990s,LT in China has been developed rapidly with professional and large-scale trends,and it is approaching or has reached the level of developed countries in terms of quantity and quality.According to the China Liver Transplant Registry,the number of transplants for HCC accounted for 36.8%of the total number of LT cases during the past 5 years in the mainland of China.In order to develop an effective,safe and standardized protocol to guide the national LT practice,the clinical guidelines of LT for HCC was launched in 2014 by multidisciplinary experts from Chinese Society of Organ Transplantation,Chinese Medical Association and Chinese Association of Organ Transplantation,Chinese Medical Doctor Association.Recently,there have been new clinical and scientific advances in the field of LT and to keep abreast of these achievements,the original clinical practice guidelines need to be updated.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,No.22ZR147750Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,No.23Y11906600Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Innovative Clinical Research Project,No.2020YLCYJ-Y02(all to YY).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease is a debilitating,progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive accumulation of abnormal proteins,including amyloid plaques and intracellular tau tangles,primarily within the brain.Lysosomes,crucial intracellular organelles responsible for protein degradation,play a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.Some studies have suggested a link between the dysregulation of the lysosomal system and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease.Restoring the normal physiological function of lysosomes hold the potential to reduce the pathological burden and improve the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.Currently,the efficacy of drugs in treating Alzheimer’s disease is limited,with major challenges in drug delivery efficiency and targeting.Recently,nanomaterials have gained widespread use in Alzheimer’s disease drug research owing to their favorable physical and chemical properties.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in using nanomaterials(polymeric nanomaterials,nanoemulsions,and carbon-based nanomaterials)to enhance lysosomal function in treating Alzheimer’s disease.This review also explores new concepts and potential therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease through the integration of nanomaterials and modulation of lysosomal function.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the potential of nanomaterials in modulating lysosomal function to improve the pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease.The application of nanotechnology to the development of Alzheimer’s disease drugs brings new ideas and approaches for future treatment of this disease.
基金supported by the 2022 Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2022J011486).
文摘Background:Long noncoding RNA,LINC01106 exhibits high expression in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)tumor tissues,but its functional role and regulatory mechanism in LUAD cells remain unclear.Methods:LINC01106 expression was analyzed in LUAD tissues and its functional impact on LUAD cells was assessed.LUAD cells were silenced with sh-LINC01106 and injected into nude mice to investigate tumor growth.The downstream transcription factors and molecular mechanism were determined using the Human transcription factor database(TFDB)database and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis(GEPIA)database.Additionally,the impact of linc01106 on autophagy was analyzed by determining the expression of autophagy-related genes(ATGs)in LUAD cells.Results:Our results showed that LINC01106 exhibited upregulation in both LUAD tissues and cell lines.The silencing of LINC01106 demonstrated a suppressive effect on tumorigenesis in a xenograft mouse model of LUAD.Additionally,LINC01106 was found to recruit TATA-binding protein-associated factor 15(TAF15),an RNA-binding protein,thereby enhancing the mRNA stability of TEA domain transcription factor 4(TEAD4).In turn,TEAD4 served as a transcription factor that bound to the LINC01106 promoter and regulated its expression.Further assays indicated that LINC01106 promoted autophagy in LUAD cells by upregulating the expression of autophagy-related genes(ATGs).The silencing of LINC01106 in LUAD cells inhibited autophagy,and cell proliferation,and promoted apoptosis,which all were effectively reversed by ATG5 overexpression.Conclusions:Overall,LINC01106,transcriptionally activated by TEAD4,interacts with TAF15 to promote the stability of TEAD4 and upregulates the expression of ATGs,promoting malignancy of LUAD cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82072051 and 81771964(both to JG)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission,No.22ZR147750(to YY)+2 种基金Science and Technology Support Projects in Biomedicine Field of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,No.19441907500(to YY)Innovative Clinical Research Project of Changzheng Hospital,No.2020 YLCYJ-Y02(to YY)Characteristic Medical Service Project for the Army of Changzheng Hospital,No.2020 CZWJFW12(to YY)。
文摘The current therapeutic drugs for Alzheimer's disease only improve symptoms,they do not delay disease progression.Therefo re,there is an urgent need for new effective drugs.The underlying pathogenic factors of Alzheimer's disease are not clear,but neuroinflammation can link various hypotheses of Alzheimer's disease;hence,targeting neuroinflammation may be a new hope for Alzheimer's disease treatment.Inhibiting inflammation can restore neuronal function,promote neuro regeneration,reduce the pathological burden of Alzheimer's disease,and improve or even reverse symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.This review focuses on the relationship between inflammation and various pathological hypotheses of Alzheimer's disease;reports the mechanisms and characteristics of small-molecule drugs(e.g.,nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,neurosteroids,and plant extracts);macromolecule drugs(e.g.,peptides,proteins,and gene therapeutics);and nanocarriers(e.g.,lipid-based nanoparticles,polymeric nanoparticles,nanoemulsions,and inorganic nanoparticles)in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.The review also makes recommendations for the prospective development of anti-inflammatory strategies based on nanocarriers for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101260).
文摘The number and composition of species in a community can be quantified withα-diversity indices,including species richness(R),Simpson’s index(D),and the Shannon-Wiener index(H΄).In forest communities,there are large variations in tree size among species and individu-als of the same species,which result in differences in eco-logical processes and ecosystem functions.However,tree size inequality(TSI)has been largely neglected in studies using the available diversity indices.The TSI in the diameter at breast height(DBH)data for each of 99920 m×20 m forest census quadrats was quantified using the Gini index(GI),a measure of the inequality of size distribution.The generalized performance equation was used to describe the rotated and right-shifted Lorenz curve of the cumulative proportion of DBH and the cumulative proportion of number of trees per quadrat.We also examined the relationships ofα-diversity indices with the GI using correlation tests.The generalized performance equation effectively described the rotated and right-shifted Lorenz curve of DBH distributions,with most root-mean-square errors(990 out of 999 quadrats)being<0.0030.There were significant positive correlations between each of threeα-diversity indices(i.e.,R,D,and H’)and the GI.Nevertheless,the total abundance of trees in each quadrat did not significantly influence the GI.This means that the TSI increased with increasing spe-cies diversity.Thus,two new indices are proposed that can balanceα-diversity against the extent of TSI in the com-munity:(1−GI)×D,and(1−GI)×H’.These new indices were significantly correlated with the original D and H΄,and did not increase the extent of variation within each group of indices.This study presents a useful tool for quantifying both species diversity and the variation in tree sizes in forest communities,especially in the face of cumulative species loss under global climate change.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41991231)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2022-kb11).
文摘Due to the considerable uncertainties inherent in the datasets describing the spatiotemporal distributions of precipitation in the drylands of China,this study presents a new merged monthly precipitation product with a spatial resolution of approximately 0.2°×0.2°during 1980–2019.The newly developed precipitation product was validated at different temporal scales(e.g.,monthly,seasonally,and annually).The results show that the new product consistently aligns with the spatiotemporal distributions reported by the Chinese Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System(CLDAS)product and Multi-Source Weighted Ensemble Precipitation(MSWEP).The merged product exhibits exceptional quality in describing the drylands of China,with a bias of–2.19 mm month^(–1)relative to MSWEP.In addition,the annual trend of the merged product(0.09 mm month^(–1)yr^(−1))also closely aligns with that of the MSWEP(0.11 mm month^(–1)yr^(−1))during 1980–2019.The increasing trend indicates that the water cycle and wetting process intensified in the drylands of China during this period.In particular,there was an increase in wetting during the period from 2001–2019.Generally,the merged product exhibits potential value for improving our understanding of the climate and water cycle in the drylands of China.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82370665,81471590 and 81571554)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7212042,7222303 and 7232068)+1 种基金Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Golden Seeds Foundation(CYJZ202204)Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University in 2021(21kcjj-4).
文摘Introduction The immune system is the cornerstone of human health,with most diseases and health conditions closely related to immune status.Therefore,immune status management is a core health issue.In recent years,significant research breakthroughs in immunosuppressants,immune cell therapy,and immune checkpoint inhibitors have enabled clinical experts and researchers to effectively modulate immune status and regulate immunity more efficient.Key questions in the field of immunology include:How can immune function be visually assessed?What constitutes normal immune cell function status?How can immune cell function status be quantitatively evaluated?How can a standardized system for assessing immune cell function status be established?Currently,there is no consensus on these issues worldwide.On August 28,2023,the National Natural Science Foundation of China announced the National Major Research Plan:Immune Power Digital Decoding Research.Traditional research models have failed to systematically reveal the generation and evolution of immune power.
基金A number of financial funding including the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52278455,52268068,52078018,52208434)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0137300)+5 种基金the ShuGuang Program of Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.21SG24)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M711079)Provincial Natural Science Foundation/Postdoctoral Research Grant/Science and Technology Project(Nos.222300420142,202103107,192102310229)have to be acknowledged for supporting this manuscript.As well,some university's funding including Chang'an University(No.CHD300102213507)Changsha University of Science and Technology(No.KFJ230206)Henan University of Technology(No.21420156)are also appreciated.Meanwhile,the strong supports from the Editor Office of Journal of Road Engineering have to be highly acknowledged for their kindly inviting,guiding,assisting,and improving on the manuscript of current review.
文摘Recent trends in road engineering have explored the potential of incorporating recycled solid wastes into infrastructures that including pavements,bridges,tunnels,and accessory structures.The utilization of solid wastes is expected to offer sustainable solutions to waste recycling while enhancing the performance of roads.This review provides an extensive analysis of the recycling of three main types of solid wastes for road engineering purposes:industrial solid waste,infrastructure solid waste,and municipal life solid waste.Industrial solid wastes suitable for road engineering generally include coal gangue,fly ash,blast furnace slag,silica fume,and steel slag,etc.Infrastructure solid wastes recycled in road engineering primarily consist of construction&demolition waste,reclaimed asphalt pavements,and recycled cement concrete.Furthermore,recent exploration has extended to the utilization of municipal life solid wastes,such as incinerated bottom ash,glass waste,electronics waste,plastic waste,and rubber waste in road engineering applications.These recycled solid wastes are categorized into solid waste aggregates,solid waste cements,and solid waste fillers,each playing distinct roles in road infrastructure.Roles of solid waste acting aggregates,cements,and fillers in road infrastructures were fully investigated,including their pozzolanic properties,integration effects to virgin materials,modification or enhancement solutions,engineering performances.Utilization of these materials not only addresses the challenge of waste management but also offers environmental benefits aiming carbon neutral and contributes to sustainable infrastructure development.However,challenges such as variability in material properties,environmental impact mitigation,secondary pollution to environment by leaching,and concerns regarding long-term performance need to be further addressed.Despite these challenges,the recycled solid wastes hold immense potential in revolutionizing road construction practices and fostering environmental stewardship.This review delves into a bird’seye view of the utilization of recycled solid wastes in road engineering,highlighting advances,benefits,challenges,and future prospects.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1700100,2023YFD1700500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22177051)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KYCYXT2022010)Sichuan Key Research and Development Program(22ZDYF0186,2021YFN0134).
文摘The latest review published in Nature Reviews Drug Discovery by Michael W.Mullowney and co-authors focuses on the use of artificial intelligence techniques,specifically machine learning,in natural product drug discovery.The authors discussed various applications of AI in this field,such as genome and metabolome mining,structural characterization of natural products,and predicting targets and biological activities of these compounds.They also highlighted the challenges associated with creating and managing large datasets for training algorithms,as well as strategies to address these obstacles.Additionally,the authors examine common pitfalls in algorithm training and offer suggestions for avoiding them.
文摘With the advent of the knowledge economy era and the acceleration of globalization,the demand for talent in society has gradually become innovative.The traditional mode of university education management has become difficult to adapt to the requirements of the new era.Therefore,it is urgent to reform university education management from the perspective of innovative education.This article aims to explore the inherent relationship between innovative education and education management,analyze the current situation and existing problems of university education management,and propose strategies for reforming university education management,providing references for universities to cultivate innovative talents.
基金supported by MSD Holding Co.,Ltd.The funding was only for the payment of using CHIRA database
文摘Background： Few studies have attempted to evaluate the use of antiemetic therapy for chemotherapyinduced nausea and vomiting （CINV） at a national level in China or to assess how treatment regimens adhere to current guidelines. Methods： We searched the China Health Insurance Research Association （CHIRA） Database to identify patients with cancer who were 〉 18 years old and received either moderately or highly emetogenie chemotherapy （MEC and HEC, respectively） between 2008 and 2012. Patients＇ characteristics as well as usage of specific antiemetic regimens were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results： Of the 14,548 patients included in the study, 6,477 received HEC while 8,071 were treated with MEC. Approximately 89.9% used antiemetics prophylactically to prevent acute CINV and 71.5% for delayed CINV while 9.0% were prescribed antiemetics as rescue therapy. A significantly lower proportion of patients treated with HEC received prophylactic antiemetic therapy for delayed CINV as compared to those treated with MEC （59.4% vs. 81.3 %; P〈0.001）. The HEC group had a slightly lower proportion of patients using a mixed regimen containing a 5-HT3 antagonist to prevent both acute and delayed CINV than the MEC group （P〈0.012）; however, a higher proportion received a mixed regimen containing eorticosteroids （P≤0.007）. Although more than half of the patients in the HEC group took three antiemeties to prevent acute and delayed CINV, these rates were significantly lower than those of the MEC group （both P〈0.001）. Finally, analysis of the regimens used revealed that there is over-utilization of drugs within the same class of antiemetic. Conclusions： These findings indicate that more attention is needed for treatment of delayed CINV, in terms of both overall use and the components of a typical treatment regimen.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China,No.2014ZRB14502
文摘OBJECTIVE： The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of constraint-induced movement therapy in acute and sub-acute stroke. DATA SOURCES： The key words were stroke, cerebrovascular accident, constraint-induced therapy, forced use, and randomized controlled trial. The databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, Weipu Information Resources System, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Med- line, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, were searched for studies on randomized controlled trials for treating acute or sub-acute stroke published before March 2016. DATA SELECTION： We retrieved relevant randomized controlled trials that compared constraint-induced movement therapy in treatment of acute or sub-acute stroke with traditional rehabilitation therapy （tradi- tional occupational therapy）. Patients were older than 18 years, had disease courses less than 6 months, and were evaluated with at least one upper extremity function scale. Study quality was evaluated, and data that met the criteria were extracted. Stata 11.0 software was used for the meta-analysis. OUTCOME MEASURES： Fugl-Meyer motor assessment of the arm, the action research-arm test, a motor activity log for amount of use and quality of movement, the Wolf motor function test, and a modified Bar- thel index. RESULTS： A total of 16 prospective randomized controlled trials （379 patients in the constraint-induced movement-therapy group and 359 in the control group） met inclusion criteria. Analysis showed significant mean differences in favor of constraint-induced movement therapy for the Fugl-Meyer motor assessment of the arm （weighted mean difference （WMD） = 10.822; 95% confidence intervals （95% CI）： 7.419-14.226）, the action research-arm test （WMD = 10.718; 95% CI： 5.704-15.733）, the motor activity log for amount of use and quality of movement （WMD = 0.812; 95% CI： 0.331-1.293） and the modified Barthel index （WMD = 10.706; 95% CI： 4.417-16.966）. CONCLUSION： Constraint-induced movement therapy may be more beneficial than traditional rehabili- tation therapy for improving upper limb function after acute or sub-acute stroke.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB1708304)and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of the Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Grant No.5003123021)and the Program for HUST Academic Frontier Youth Team(Grant No.2017QYTD04).
文摘Topology Optimization(TO)is a powerful numerical technique to determine the optimal material layout in a design domain,which has accepted considerable developments in recent years.The classic Finite Element Method(FEM)is applied to compute the unknown structural responses in TO.However,several numerical deficiencies of the FEM significantly influence the effectiveness and efficiency of TO.In order to eliminate the negative influence of the FEM on TO,IsoGeometric Analysis(IGA)has become a promising alternative due to its unique feature that the Computer-Aided Design(CAD)model and Computer-Aided Engineering(CAE)model can be unified into a same mathematical model.In the paper,the main intention is to provide a comprehensive overview for the developments of Isogeometric Topology Optimization(ITO)in methods and applications.Finally,some prospects for the developments of ITO in the future are also presented.
文摘AIM： To identity the factors influencing colorectal cancer （CRC） screening behavior and willingness among Chinese outpatients.METHODS： An outpatient-based face-to-face survey was conducted from August 18 to September 7, 2010 in Changhai Hospital. A total of 1200 consecutive patients aged ≥ 18 years were recruited for interview. The patient＇s knowledge about CRC and screening was pre-measured as a predictor variable, and other pre- dictors included age, gender, educational level, month- ly household income and health insurance status. The relationship between these predictors and screening behavior, screening willingness and screening approach were examined using Pearson＇s 2 test and logistic regression analyses.RESULTS： Of these outpatients, 22.5% had undergone CRC screening prior to this study. Patients who had participated in the screening were more likely to have good knowledge about CRC and screening （OR： 5.299, 95% CI： 3.415-8.223）, have health insurance （OR： 1.996, 95% CI： 1.426-2.794） and older in age. Higher income, however, was found to be a barrier to the screening （OR： 0.633, 95% CI： 0.467-0.858）. An analysis of screening willingness showed that 37.5% of the patients would voluntarily participated in a screen at the recommended age, but 41.3% would do so under doctor＇s advice. Screening willingness was positively correlated with the patient＇s knowledge sta- tus. Patients with higher knowledge levels would like to participate in the screening （OR： 4.352, 95% CI： 3.008-6.298）, and they would select colonoscopy as a screening approach （OR： 3.513, 95% CI： 2.290-5.389）. However, higher income level was, again, a bar- rier to colonoscopic screening （OR： 0.667, 95% CI： 0.505-0.908）. CONCLUSION： Patient＇s level of knowledge and in-ome should be taken into consideration when conducting a feasible CRC screening.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772612)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(6202019).
文摘Background:The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of a combination of microencapsulated essential oils and organic acids(MOA)on growth performance,immuno-antioxidant status,intestinal barrier function and microbial structure of the hindgut in piglets.A total of 120 piglets(Duroc×[Landrace×Yorkshire];weighted 7.66±1.79 kg,weaned at d 28)were randomly selected and allocated to 3 treatments with 4 replicates per group and 10 piglets per replicate according to the initial body weight and gender.The dietary treatments were as follows:1)basal diet(Ctrl);2)Ctrl+chlortetracycline(75 mg/kg)(AGP);3)Ctrl+MOA(1500 mg/kg).The experiment period was lasted for 21 d.Results:Compared to the Ctrl group,dietary supplemented MOA alleviated(P<0.05)the diarrhea rate from d 12 to 21,enhanced(P<0.05)the concentration of serum interlukin-10 and glutathione peroxidase in piglets on d 11 after weaning and serum superoxide dismutase in 21-day piglets.The MOA group also improved(P<0.05)the apparent digestibility of dry matter(DM),organic matter(OM)and gross energy(GE),up-regulated(P<0.05)the mRNA expression level of occludin,claudin-1 and mucin-2 in ileum and increased(P<0.05)the contents of propionic and butyric acids in the cecum of piglets.The MOA group modulated the cecal and colonic microbial community structure and increased(P<0.05)the abundance of Faecalibacterium and Muribaculaceae in cecum and Streptococcus and Weissella in colon.Additionally,AGP group decreased(P<0.05)apparent digestibility of DM,OM and GE as well as down-regulated(P<0.05)relative gene expression level of claudin-1 in duodenum and jejunum,ZO-1 and mucin-1 in jejunum of piglets.Conclusion:In summary,dietary supplemented MOA alleviated diarrhea and improved nutrient apparent digestibility in piglets via enhancing immuno-antioxidant properties,increasing digestive enzyme activity,upregulating the expression of intestinal barrier-related genes,and modifying the microbial community structure of the cecum and colon.Therefore,dietary supplementation with MOA as an alternative to antibiotics was feasible to improve intestinal health of piglets in practical production.
基金supported by grants from the National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX10203205)The Changjiang Scholar Award(T2014146)
文摘Introduction Over 300000 people in China die each year of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which accounts for approximately half of HCCrelated deaths worldwide.Liver transplantation(LT)is generally recognized as one of the most effective therapeutic approaches for end-stage liver diseases.Since the beginning of the second LT boom in the 1990s,LT in China has been developed rapidly with professional and large-scale trends,and it is approaching or has reached the level of developed countries in terms of quantity and quality.According to the China Liver Transplant Registry,the number of transplants for HCC accounted for 36.8%of the total number of LT cases during the past 5 years in the mainland of China.In order to develop an effective,safe and standardized protocol to guide the national LT practice,the clinical guidelines of LT for HCC was launched in 2014 by multidisciplinary experts from Chinese Society of Organ Transplantation,Chinese Medical Association and Chinese Association of Organ Transplantation,Chinese Medical Doctor Association.Recently,there have been new clinical and scientific advances in the field of LT and to keep abreast of these achievements,the original clinical practice guidelines need to be updated.
