Junshanyinzhen tea extract prevents obesity by regulating gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia in high-fat diet fed rats

Obesity is associated with gut dysbiosis and metabolic endotoxin.Junshanyinzhen tea extract(JSTE)reduced fat accumulation and body weight in obese mice.However,the effects and mechanism of JSTE in preventing obesity were unclear.Therefore,we used different doses of JSTE(75,150 and 300 mg/(kg·day))to evaluate the effect on high-fat diet(HFD)-induced rats under 8 weeks of intervention.Here,our results showed that JSTE could significantly reduce body weight gain,blood lipid levels and fat accumulation,improve fatty damage in liver tissue(P<0.05).In addition,JSTE increased the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins(P<0.05),relieved metabolic endotoxemia(P<0.05)and chronic low-grade inflammation in HFD rats.Sequencing of fecal samples showed that JSTE could effectively reverse the microbial diversity and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes to normal levels in HFD-fed rats.Desulfovibrioceae and Erysipelotrichaceae,which are positively related to obesity,were decreased by JSTE intervention(P<0.05).while Bifidobacteriaceae,Bacteroidaceae,Akkermansia,and Clostridium,which are negatively related to obesity,were increased.Together,these results suggested that JSTE might effectively prevent obesity by modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis,intestinal barrier dysfunction,metabolic endotoxemia and chronic low-grade infl ammation in HFD-induced rats.

Recurrent giant hemangiomas of liver:Report of two rare cases with literature review

Most hepatic hemangiomas(HHs) are small,asymptomatic and do not require clinical intervention.Surgical resection is only indicated for symptomatic hemangiomas.We report here cases of recurrent HHs in 2 women of 37 and 40 years old,who initially presented with abdominal pain and mass.Radiological examination of each tumor revealed a solitary tumor of 14 and 20 cm in diameter,respectively.Surgical liver segmental resections were performed in both,and the diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma was confirmed.Both patients had recurrent tumor on subsequent radiological examination 4-5 years after the initial surgery.In the first patient,a 15 cm recurrent hemangioma was resected,but multiple hemangiomas were again detected 8 years later occupying the other hepatic lobe,which was not amendable for resection.In the second patient,a 16 cm hemangioma was seen on radiogram,and because the lesion was not symptomatic,conservative observation was offered.Recurrence after liver resection of giant hemangioma is extremely rare.The pathogenesis of tumor progression and recurrence is unknown,as is the management of these patients with recurrent hemangioma,particularly when it is extensive and unresectable.

乙酰丙酮的酮式-烯醇式互变异构的核磁共振研究——推荐一个物理化学实验

羰基化合物的酮式-烯醇式互变异构是大学有机化学的重要知识点。本实验采用CDCl3和DMSO-d6构建不同极性的溶液模型,并利用定量核磁共振氢谱技术结合理论化学计算探讨溶剂极性对乙酰丙酮中互变异构化学平衡的影响。实验涉及有机化学、物理化学、仪器分析等多学科知识,可以帮助学生深入理解基础概念,培养实验联系理论的化学研究思维。

The SPH approach to the process of container filling based on non-linear constitutive models

In this work, the transient free surface of con- tainer filling with non-linear constitutive equation＇s fluids is numerically investigated by the smoothed particle hydrody- namics （SPH） method. Specifically, the filling process of a square container is considered for non-linear polymer fluids based on the Cross model. The validity of the presented SPH is first verified by solving the Newtonian fluid and Oldroyd- B fluid jet. Various phenomena in the filling process are shown, including the jet buckling, jet thinning, splashing or spluttering, steady filling. Moreover, a new phenomenon of vortex whirling is more evidently observed for the Cross model fluid compared with the Newtonian fluid case.

Maillard Products Formed from Chicken Fat Oxidants and Amino Acids Act as a Flavor Enhancer in Comminuted Chicken Products

Lipid oxidation and degradation are generally recognized as unfavorable reactions in food processing. However, lipids can be utilized to produce meat-like flavorings through reaction with amino acids after degradation to carbonyls such as aldehydes and ketones. The fatty acids in chicken fat mainly comprise palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. After being heated at 120 ~C for 3 h, the degraded carbonyls of chicken fat were reacted with cysteine, alanine, glycine and thiamine to form a chicken-like flavoring. The key aromatic components of the flavoring were identified by GC-MS. In the overall volatile profile, 22 kinds of compound were detected, among which 2-furanmethanol was formed by the Maillard reaction, 1-（2-furanyl）-ethanone by cyclization and 2,4,6-trimethyl-l,3,5-trithiane by the Strecker degradation of cysteine. Dihydro-2-methyl-3（2H）-furanone, dihydro-2-methyl- 3（2H）-thiophenone, 2-acetyl-lH-pyrroline and 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol were the degradation products of thiamine. The prepared chicken flavoring was added to comminuted chicken product （CCP）. GC-MS analysis and sensory evaluation showed that the flavor and odor of the CCP were greatly enhanced.

New approach to develop a 3D non-isothermal computational framework for injection molding process based on level set method

The simulation of three-dimensional （3D） non-isothermal, non-Newtonian fluid filling process is an extremely difficult task and remains a challenging problem, which includes polymer melt flow with free surface coupled with transient heat transfer. This paper presents a full 3D non-isothermal two-phase flow model to predict the complex flow in melt filling process, where the Cross-WLF model is applied to characterize the rheological behav- ior of polymer melt. The governing equations are solved using finite volume method with SIMPLEC algorithm on collocated grids and the melt front is accurately captured by a high resolution level set method. A domain exten- sion technique is adopted to deal with the complex cavities, which greatly reduces the computational burden. To verify the validity of the developed 3D approach, the melts filling processes in two thin rectangular cavities （one of them with a cylindrical insert） are simulated. The predicted melt front interfaces are in good agreement with the experiment and commercial software prediction. For a case with a rather complex cavity, the dynamic filling process in a hemispherical shell is successfully simulated. All of the numerical results show that the developed numerical procedure can provide a reasonable orediction for injection molding process.

Effect of dexmedetomidine combined with oxycodone on systemic stress response in recovery of gynecological laparoscopic operation

Objective:To study the effect of dexmedetomidine combined with oxycodone on systemic stress response in recovery period of gynecological laparoscopic operation.Methods:A total of 86 patients who received laparoscopic operation in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between June 2014 and December 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the dexmedetomidine combined with oxycodone group (DO group) and control group (C group). Before anesthesia induction (T1), at the end of the surgery and before micro pump injection of dexmedetomidine and oxycodone hydrochloride (T2) and in recovery period (T3), serum levels of pituitary-target gland axis-related hormones, vascular activity-related hormones and oxidative stress-related molecules were determined.Results: At T1 and T2, serum TSH, T3, T4, ACTH, Cor, NE, E, ADH, AT-II, ROS, MDA, SOD and HO-1 levels of DO group were not significantly different from those of C group;at T3, serum TSH, T3, T4, ACTH, Cor, NE, E, ADH, AT-II, ROS and MDA levels of DO group were significantly lower than those of C group while SOD and HO-1 levels were significantly higher than those of C group.Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine combined with oxycodone can inhibit the systemic stress response in recovery of gynecological laparoscopic operation.

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Biodegradable Poly (butylene succinate-co-triethylene glycol succinate)Copolymers

Novel biodegradable aliphatic polyesters,poly（butylene succinate-co-triethylene glycol succinate）（P（BS-co-TEGS））and poly（butylene succinate）（PBS）,were synthesized through a two-step procedure of esterification and polycondensation with succinic acid and1,4-butanediol/triethylene glycol as raw materials as well as tetrabutyl titanate and diphenylphosphinic acid as the co-catalysts.The chemical structure and molecular weight of the copolymers were characterized by 1^H nuclear magnetic resonance（1^H NMR）and gel permeation chromatography（GPC）,respectively.In addition,thermal properties,crystal structure and mechanical properties were also analyzed with various techniques.P（BS-co-TEGS）exhibited more excellent mechanical properties than PBS,especially in elongation at break.Meanwhile,the crystal structure and thermal stability of the P（BS-co-TEGS）have hardly changed.The crystallinity of P（BS-co-TEGS）was lower than that of PBS and decreased with the increase of mole ratio of triethylene glycol.With the increase of TEGS unit molar composition,the melting point（Tm）,crystallization temperatures（Tc）and heat of fusion（ΔHm）of P（BS-co-TEGS）decreased,while glass transition temperature（Tg）increased.

Spray pyrolysis-derived W-doped MoSe_(2)/rGO paper-like microspheres:optimization of microstructure and mesostructure for enhanced lithium storage

Two-dimensional MoSe_(2) is a promising candidate for lithium-ion battery anodes.However,its conductivity and lithium storage volumetric effect still need to be optimized.In this work,W-doped MoSe_(2)/rGO paper-like microspheres are successfully prepared through ultrasonic spray pyrolysis,achieving optimization at both the microstructure and mesostructure to enhance the lithium storage performance of the material.Firstly,by utilizing the similar two-dimensional structure between MoSe_(2) and rGO,self-assembly is achieved through spray pyrolysis,resulting in a well-defined van der Waals heterostructure at the interface on the microscale,enhancing the electron and ion transfer capability of the composite.Secondly,the mesoscale paper-like microsphere morphology provides additional volume expansion buffering space.Moreover,W-doping not only increases the interlayer spacing of MoSe_(2)(0.73 nm),thereby reducing the diffusion resistance of Li+,but also allow for the modulation of the energy band structure of the material.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations confirm that W-doped MoSe_(2)/rGO exhibits the narrowest bandgap(0.892 eV).Therefore,the composite demonstrates excellent lithium storage performance,maintaining a specific capacity of 732.9 mAh·g^(-1)after 300 cycles at a current density of 1 A·g^(-1).

浙江地区抗生素残留的环境分布特征及来源分析

近年来在天然水体、土壤、动植物及其排泄物中都检测到了抗生素的存在,抗生素在环境中的残留已经引起广泛关注。本文调研和梳理了2011~2019年间针对浙江地区各种环境介质中抗生素残留状况的相关研究工作,对浙江地区废水、地表水、地下水、土壤和养殖畜禽粪便等环境介质中抗生素残留的主要种类、污染水平和分布特征进行了分析总结,并对抗生素残留的可能来源进行了分析。结果显示,浙江地区环境中抗生素残留的主要种类为四环素类、磺胺类、氟喹诺酮和氯霉素类。杭州、金华、嘉兴等地的畜禽养殖废水中检测出较高浓度抗生素,最高至994μg·L^(-1);畜禽粪便中达到了66.62 mg·kg-1,为浙江地区环境中抗生素污染的主要来源之一。制药废水中的抗生素浓度更是达到了5.7 mg·L^(-1),这些废水虽然经过污水处理厂处理,但在部分处理过的废水中仍能检出抗生素,浓度最高达88μg·L^(-1),并被直接排入天然水体。水产养殖区域中残留的抗生素也会不经处理直接进入地表水中,导致地表水污染,浙江地表水中抗生素浓度最高为508.7 ng·L^(-1),但是大部分流域小于100 ng·L^(-1)。迄今为止,尚未在千岛湖、丽水石塘水库、衢州江山碗窑水库和东西苕溪等饮用水水源地中检测到抗生素,但舟山地区饮用水源中抗生素浓度达到了55 ng·L^(-1)。虽然地表水中抗生素残留水平相对较低,由于这些水体用于水产养殖、畜禽饮水及农田灌溉,使得环境中的抗生素流入畜禽及农作物中,最终可能导致食品污染。因此,未来工作中需要对浙江各地区进行抗生素环境残留的全面、持续调查,结合浙江地区地域特征及经济发展特色,加强环境中抗生素迁移转化规律的研究,并及时开展抗生素环境污染对生态系统和人体健康效应的研究。

A facile self-catalyzed CVD method to synthesize Fe3C/N-doped carbon nanofibers as lithium storage anode with improved rate capability and cyclability

Uniform Fe3 C/N-doped carbon nanofibers were successfully synthesized through a facile self-catalyzed CVD method by using acetylene as carbon source and Fe3O4 as iron source and autocatalytic template for the reaction under moderate preparation conditions. The experimental and theoretical calculation results demonstrate that Fe3 C can improve the lithium storage performance of carbon nanofibers. Besides, the addition of PPy can not only control the growth rate of carbon fibers but also help to form uniform carbon fibers. As a result, the obtained Fe3 C/N-doped carbon nanofiber composites display favorable electrochemical performance as an anode for lithium-ion batteries, which including satisfactory rate performance of 402 m A h g-1 under 1.2 Ag-1, and good cycling stability of 502.3 m A h g-1 under 200 m Ag-1 over 400 cycles. The introduction of Fe3 C species and the uniform carbon fiber morphology are responsible for the long-cycling and high rate performance of materials.

The FAPα-activated prodrug Z-GP-DAVLBH inhibits the growth and pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the AXL pathway

Osteosarcoma is a kind of bone tumor with highly proliferative and invasive properties,a high incidence of pulmonary metastasis and a poor prognosis.Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for osteosarcoma.Currently,there are no molecular targeted drugs approved for osteosarcoma treatment,particularly effective drugs for osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastases.It has been reported that fibroblast activation protein alpha(FAPa)is upregulated in osteosarcoma and critically associated with osteosarcoma progression and metastasis,demonstrating that FAPa-targeted agents might be a promising therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma.In the present study,we reported that the FAPa-activated vinblastine prodrug Z-GP-DAVLBH exhibited potent antitumor activities against FAPa-positive osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo.Z-GP-DAVLBH inhibited the growth and induced the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells.Importantly,it also decreased the migration and invasion capacities and reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of osteosarcoma cells in vitro and suppressed pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma xenografts in vivo.Mechanistically,Z-GP-DAVLBH suppressed the AXL/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway,leading to inhibition of the growth and metastatic spread of osteosarcoma cells.These findings demonstrate that Z-GP-DAVLBH is a promising agent for the treatment of FAPa-positive osteosarcoma,particularly osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastases.

A drag force formula for heterogeneous granular flow systems based on finite average statistical method

The existing drag models are mostly based on the assumption of homogenous fluidization.However,the use of a homogeneous drag model to predict a heterogeneous granular flow system will cause a deviation.In this study,we developed a drag force model based on the assumption of heterogeneous fluidization.To prevent weakening of the heterogeneous characteristics in the drag force formula,we propose a finite average statistical method to filter the information of the heterogeneous granular cluster.The filtered information was used to fit the modified drag formula,which can reflect the heterogeneity of the granular cluster considering different configurations.A comparison shows that the new proposed drag formula filtered by the finite average statistical method fits well with energy minimization multi-scale simulation results.

Exploration of the potential application of plutonium isotopes in source identification of sandstorm in the atmosphere of Beijing

Plutonium(Pu)is an anthropogenic radionuclide which mainly derived from atmospheric nuclear tests in the environment.In this study,the Pu isotopes(^(239)Pu and^(240)Pu)in aerosol samples collected during the sandstorm and non-sandstorm period were measured by accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS)and the behavior of Pu was studied.The activity concentrations of ^(239)Pu and ^(240)Pu in the aerosol samples of Beijing were ranged from 0.62 nB q/m^(3)to 99.6 n Bq/m^(3)for ^(239)Pu and 3.51 nBq/m^(3)to 60.23 n Bq/m^(3)for ^(240)Pu,respectively.^(239)Pu and ^(240)Pu concentrations exhibited a remarkable seasonal variation trend,with the higher results showed in spring,and the relatively lower concentrations in winter.The observed higher concentration of^(239)Pu and^(240)Pu detected in sandstorm samples further indicated Pu was closely related to the occurrence of sandstorms.The global fallout characteristics of^(240)Pu/^(239)Pu atom ratios(average0.20,ranging from 0.16 to 0.27)in aerosol samples indicating that global fallout was the major source of Pu in the atmosphere.Using aluminum(Al)as an indicator of soil resuspension,significant positive correlation between^(239)Pu and Al(r^(2)=0.934),240Pu and Al(^(r)2=0.525)revealed that soil resuspension was a primary source of atmospheric Pu in Beijing.These results implied that the combination of^(239)Pu,^(240)Pu and Al could be used as the potential tracer of sandstorm.

Lagrangian-Eulerian simulation of slugging fluidized bed

This work studies gas-solid slugging fiuidized beds with Type-D particles, using two-dimensional sim- ulations based on discrete element model （DEM）. DEM performance is quantitatively validated by two commonly accepted correlations for determining slugging behavior. The voidage profiles simulated with bed height corresponding to Baeyens and Geldart （1974） correlation for onset of slugging demonstrate a transitional flow pattern from free bubbling to slugging. The present calculated values for the maximum slugging bed height are in good agreement with the correlation from Matsen et al. （1969）. Simulations show that fluidized beds with Type-D particles can operate in the round-nosed slugging regime and also shows that wall slugs and square-nosed slugs tend to be formed with increase in superficial gas velocity and in bed height, respectively.

The dependence of stress and strain rate on the deformation behavior of a Ni‐based single crystal superalloy at 1050°C

Ni‐based single crystal(SX)superalloys are important high‐temperature materials used for manufacturing turbine blades in aero‐engines.During service under combinational impacts of temperature and stress,the SX superalloy may reach its life due to plastic deformation,which normally accompanies time‐dependent microstructural degradation.To reveal this dynamically mechanical response,tensile tests at 1050°C are carried out to record stress‐strain curves at five stain rates as well as creep curves at four applied stresses.Deformed microstructures and defects have been analyzed to understand mechanical behaviors and the underlying mechanism by using advanced scanning electron and scanning transmission electron microscopes.Results show that the de-formation mode of the alloy strongly depends on the strain rates/applied stresses under mechanical loading.The dislocation density inside theγphase is extremely low at all tests,indicating that theγphase is relatively weak and ready to flow at this temperature even at a very fast strain rate.The deformation behavior of theγ′phase is much complicated.At fast strain rates or high applied stresses,the dislocation density in theγ′phase is very high,contributing to high‐stress requirements to deform the material.At slow strain rates or low applied stresses,rafting microstructures develop and the de-formation mode becomes directional coarsening/diffusion‐dominated.Our results de-monstrate a comprehensive understanding of the deformation mechanism of Ni‐based SX superalloys,which may provide lifetime prediction of the mechanical fail-ure,as well as the database for superalloy applications in mechanical systems.

Direct calculation of voidage in the fine-grid CFD-DEM simulation of fluidized beds with large particles

Voidage is important in determining the hydrodynamic behavior of a fluidized bed and estimating the drag force,Exact calculation methods are limited,especially in terms of determining the intersection bf a particle and cell,This paper presents a method of directly calculating voidage.First,a judgment criterion of particle-cell overlap,which relies on the relationship of the distance from the particle to a cell face,edge,or vertex,is proposed.Eight cases of the overlap volume of a particle and cell are then ascribed to a unified formula in the framework of the cuboid cell,This formula relies on the volume of two kinds of segments named the hemispherical segment and quarter-spherical segment.The presented method is validated by calculating the voidage of simple cubic packing.Moreover,a three-dimensional fluidized bed with large particles is simulated and the results of numerical simulation are compared against experimental and simulation results reported in the literature.All numerical results are in good agreement with corresponding experimental data,and demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the presented method in the three-dimensional simulation of fluidized beds.

CoS_(2)/N,S co-doped mesoporous carbon with 3D micro-nano crosslinked structure as efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for zinc-air batteries

This work describes a bifunctional oxygen catalyst made of cobalt disulfide encapsulated in N,S codoped mesoporous carbon with a novel three-dimensional micro-nano crosslinking structure.The proposed composite materials exhibit promising oxygen electrocatalytic activity and stability.The composite assembled rechargeable zinc-air battery can achieve a high power density of 208.9 m W/cm^(2),and can be stably cycled for more than 160 h.Additionally,the all-solid zinc-air battery assembled with the electrocatalyst also performs admirably.The micro-nano crosslinking and high porosity structure,as well as the large number of active sites generated by the synergy of N,S doping and the close interface between carbon matrix and CoS_(2),contribute to the composite's exceptional electrochemical performance.This study's rational strategy lays the path for the development of other high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts.

Author correction to“The FAPα-activated prodrug Z-GP-DAVLBH inhibits the growth and pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the AXL pathway”[Acta Pharm Sin B 12(2022)1288–1304]

We deeply regret that the representative image of invaded 143B cells treated with Z-GP-DAVLBH + AXL-KD in the lower panel of Fig. 6C was incorrect due to inadvertent mistake of copying and pasting in the process of assembling figures with Adobe Illustrator software. The image has now been corrected, and the quantification of cell invasion in Fig. 6C remains correct. The corrected version of Fig. 6C has been provided below, and the change did not affect the results and conclusions of this study. We have provided the original data of this figure to Editorial Office, and the Editorial Office or the corresponding authors can be contacted for original data access.

Corrigendum to“A facile self-catalyzed CVD method to synthesize Fe_(3)C/N-doped carbon nanofibers as lithium storage anode with improved rate capability and cyclability”[J.Mater.Sci.Technol.44(2020)229-236]

The authors regret there are some errors in the author information of the Supplementary Material.The correct author information of the Supplementary Material should be as follows.