稳定界面助力石墨实现超长储钾性能

石墨作为锂离子电池的商业阳极材料,由于其高丰度、低成本和低电位的优势,在K离子电池中也显示出了的巨大潜力。然而,K离子半径(0.138 nm)大于Li离子半径(0.076 nm),会造成的明显结构损伤导致明显的容量衰减和不稳定的循环寿命。在这里,我们用简单有效的微波方法通过石墨烯涂层设计了石墨阳极的稳定界面。微波还原可以在10 s内有效地去除氧化石墨烯的氧基,这一点得到了X射线光电子能谱(XPS)的证实。石墨烯涂层不仅可以缓冲石墨的体积膨胀以抑制结构崩溃,还可以加速电子传输以提高倍率性能。石墨烯涂层负极(GCG)在3000次循环后表现出262 m Ah·g^(-1)的超级循环稳定性。与石墨相比GCG的倍率性能也更加优异(500 m A·g^(-1)的电流密度下容量为161.2 m Ah·g^(-1))。相反,在相同的电流密度下,石墨的容量在150次循环后衰减到小于150m Ah·g^(-1)。进一步的电化学阻抗(EIS)和恒电流间歇滴定(GITT)测试表明,与石墨相比,GCG表现出更快的电导率和离子扩散。循环后的拉曼光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)图像验证了石墨烯作为缓冲界面有利于电极结构的完整性和固体电解质膜(SEI)的稳定性。这项工作为钾离子电池的大规模应用提供了新的希望。

Photobiomodulation inhibits the expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans after spinal cord injury via the Sox9 pathway

Both glial cells and glia scar greatly affect the development of spinal cord injury and have become hot spots in research on spinal cord injury treatment.The cellular deposition of dense extracellular matrix proteins such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans inside and around the glial scar is known to affect axonal growth and be a major obstacle to autogenous repair.These proteins are thus candidate targets for spinal cord injury therapy.Our previous studies demonstrated that 810 nm photo biomodulation inhibited the formation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans after spinal cord injury and greatly improved motor function in model animals.However,the specific mechanism and potential targets involved remain to be clarified.In this study,to investigate the therapeutic effect of photo biomodulation,we established a mouse model of spinal cord injury by T9 clamping and irradiated the injury site at a power density of 50 mW/cm~2 for 50 minutes once a day for 7 consecutive days.We found that photobiomodulation greatly restored motor function in mice and down regulated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expression in the injured spinal cord.Bioinformatics analysis revealed that photobiomodulation inhibited the expression of proteoglycan-related genes induced by spinal cord injury,and versican,a type of proteoglycan,was one of the most markedly changed molecules.Immunofluorescence staining showed that after spinal cord injury,versican was present in astrocytes in spinal cord tissue.The expression of versican in primary astrocytes cultured in vitro increased after inflammation induction,whereas photobiomodulation inhibited the expression of ve rsican.Furthermore,we found that the increased levels of p-Smad3,p-P38 and p-Erk in inflammatory astrocytes were reduced after photobiomodulation treatment and after delivery of inhibitors including FR 180204,(E)-SIS3,and SB 202190.This suggests that Sma d 3/Sox9 and MAP K/Sox9 pathways may be involved in the effects of photobiomodulation.In summary,our findings show that photobiomodulation modulates the expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans,and versican is one of the key target molecules of photo biomodulation.MAPK/Sox9 and Smad3/Sox9 pathways may play a role in the effects of photo biomodulation on chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan accumulation after spinal cord injury.

Co-incorporating green manure and crop straw increases crop productivity and improves soil quality with low greenhouse-gas emissions in a crop rotation

In a nine-year field experiment in a wheat-maize-sunflower cropping system in Hetao Irrigation Area,Inner Mongolia,China,organic amendments applied as straw,manure,green manure,and the combination of green manure and straw increased wheat and maize yield,soil aggregate stability,and soil microbial activity in comparison with chemical fertilizer,without changing greenhouse gas emission intensity.

Straw interlayer improves sunflower root growth:Evidence from moisture and salt migration and the microbial community in saline-alkali soil

A straw interlayer added to soil can effectively reduce soil salinity effects on plant growth,however,the effects of soil moisture,salt and microbial community composition on plant growth under a straw interlayer are unclear.A rhizobox study was conducted to investigate the role of straw interlayer thickness on soil moisture,salt migration,microbial community composition,as well as root growth in sunflower.The study included four treatments:Control(no straw interlayer);S3(straw interlayer of 3.0 cm);S5(straw interlayer of 5.0 cm);S7(straw interlayer of 7.0 cm).Straw interlayer treatments increased soil moisture by 8.2–11.0%after irrigation and decreased soil salt content after the bud stage in 0–40 cm soil.Total root length,total root surface area,average root diameter,total root volume and the number of root tips of sunflower plants were higher under straw interlayer treatments than in the control,and were the highest under the S5 treatment.This stimulated root growth was ascribed to the higher abundance of Chloroflexi and Verrucomicrobia bacteria in soil with a straw interlayer,which was increased by 55.7 and 54.7%,respectively,in the S5 treatment.Addition of a straw interlayer of 5 cm thickness is a practical and environmentally feasible approach for improving sunflower root growth in saline-alkali soil.

Design strategies and recent advancements of solid-state supercapacitor operating in wide temperature range

Solid-state supercapacitors(SSCs)are emerging as one of the promising energy storage devices due to their high safety,superior power density,and excellent cycling life.However,performance degradation and safety issues under extreme conditions are the main challenges for the practical application.With the expansion of human activities,such as space missions,polar exploration,and so on,the investigation of SSC with wide temperature tolerance,high energy density,power density,and sustainability is highly desired.In this review,the effects of temperature on SSC are systematically illustrated and clarified,including the properties of the electrolyte,ion diffusion,and reaction dynamics of the supercapacitor.Subsequently,we summarize the recent advances in wide-temperature-range SSCs from the aspect of electrolyte modification,electrode design,and interface adjustment between electrode and electrolyte,especially with critical concerns on ionic conductivity and cycling stability.In the end,a perspective is presented,expecting to promote the practical application of the SSC in harsh conditions.

Pseudocapacitive Heteroatom-Doped Carbon Cathode for Aluminum-Ion Batteries with Ultrahigh Reversible Stability

Aluminum(Al)-ion batteries have emerged as a potential alternative to conventional ion batteries that rely on less abundant and costly materials like lithium.Nonetheless,given the nascent stage of advancement in Al-ion batteries(AIBs),attaining electrode materials that can leverage both intercalation capacity and structural stability remains challenging.Herein,we demonstrate a C3N4-derived layered N,S heteroatom-doped carbon,obtained at different pyrolysis temperatures,as a cathode material for AIBs,encompassing the diffusion-controlled intercalation and surface-induced capacity with ultrahigh reversibility.The developed layered N,S-doped corbon(N,S-C)cathode,synthesized at 900℃,delivers a specific capacity of 330 mAhg^(-1)with a relatively high coulombic efficiency of~85%after 500 cycles under a current density of 0.5 A g^(-1).Owing to its reinforced adsorption capability and enlarged interlayer spacing by doping N and S heteroatoms,the N,S-C900 cathode demonstrates outstanding energy storage capacity with excellent rate performance(61 mAhg^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1))and ultrahigh reversibility(90 mAhg^(-1)at 5Ag^(-1)after 10000cycles).

Generalized Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering paradox

Quantum paradoxes are essential means to reveal the incompatibility between quantum and classical theories,among which the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen(EPR)steering paradox offers a sharper criterion for the contradiction between localhidden-state model and quantum mechanics than the usual inequality-based method.In this work,we present a generalized EPR steering paradox,which predicts a contradictory equality“2Q=(1+δ)C”(0≤δ<1)given by the quantum(Q)and classical(C)theories.For any N-qubit state in which the conditional state of the steered party is pure,we test the paradox through a two-setting steering protocol,and find that the state is steerable if some specific measurement requirements are satisfied.Moreover,our construction also enlightens the building of EPR steering inequality,which may contribute to some schemes for typical quantum teleportation and quantum key distributions.

Concomitant hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and mantle cell lymphoma

To the Editor:Mantle cell lymphoma(MCL)is a rare subgroup of B-cell nonHodgkin’s lymphoma(NHL)that occurs in approximately 6%of NHL patients.Chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis may promote hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)development.Here,we report an even rarer case with coexisting HCC and MCL.

Clinical therapeutic effect of self-prescribed Sanhanchushi Tongbi on lumbar disc herniation

BACKGROUND Lumbar disc herniation(LDH)commonly occurs during spinal surgery;LDH is on the increase in younger patients and is classified as"paralysis"and"back pain."Sanhanchushi Tongbi(SPST)is a customized prescription.It disperses cold,relieves pain,removes cold from the meridians and viscera,and treats neuropathic pain.However,few studies have investigated its mechanism of pain relief.AIM To observe the clinical therapeutic effects on LDH treated with self-prescribed SPST.METHODS A total of 211 patients with LDH syndrome were divided into two groups:107 patients in the control group were treated with conventional massage combined with traction,and 104 patients in the observation group were treated with a combination of the control regimen and self-prescribed oral SPST.The patients were treated for 4 wk.Indices of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome score and serum inflammatory factor levels were measured.RESULTS After therapy,the TCM syndrome score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The main symptoms,clinical signs,daily activities,and Japanese Orthopedic Association scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group after therapy(P<0.05).The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and C-reactive protein were lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).In the observation group,superoxide dismutase levels were significantly higher,whereas malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower,compared with the control group(P<0.05).The overall efficacy rate in the observation group was 96.15%,which was substantially higher than that in the control group(88.79%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION Self-prescribed SPST can reduce the levels of inflammatory and pain-causing factors as well as lumbar pain in patients with LDH.

Ventricular system-unrelated cerebellar ependymoma:A case report

BACKGROUND An ependymoma is a glial tumor that usually occurs in or near the ventricle,close to the ependyma.It rarely occurs exclusively in the brain parenchyma without being associated with the ventricle.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a rare case of a cerebellar ependymoma completely located in the brain parenchyma.A previously healthy 32-year-old female with a 1-month history of dizziness was admitted to our hospital.During hospitalization,magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a space-occupying lesion measuring 57 mm×41 mm×51 mm in the right cerebellar hemisphere and inferior cerebellar vermis.The patient underwent surgical resection for the right cerebellar mass.Postoperative pathological examination revealed an ependymoma.At 1 year follow-up,the patient was doing well and showed no recurrence.CONCLUSION We conducted a literature review and summarized three theories regarding ependymomas located exclusively in the brain parenchyma,which are key to the diagnosis of intraparenchymal cerebellar ependymomas.Surgery and postoperative radiotherapy are the primary treatment options for ependymomas.

Is Peer Victimization Associated with Higher Online Trolling among Adolescents?The Mediation of Hostile Attribution Bias and the Moderation of Trait Mindfulness

Background:In recent years,online trolling has garnered significant attention due to its detrimental effects on mental health and social well-being.The current study examined the influence of peer victimization on adolescent online trolling behavior,proposing that hostile attribution bias mediated this relationship and that trait mindfulness moderated both the direct and indirect effects.Methods:A total of 833 Chinese adolescents completed the measurements of peer victimization,hostile attribution bias,trait mindfulness,and online trolling.Moderated mediation analysis was performed to examine the relationships between these variables.Results:After controlling for gender and residential address,the study found a significant positive correlation between peer victimization and online trolling,with hostile attribution bias serving as a mediator.In addition,trait mindfulness moderated the direct relationship between peer victimization and online trolling.Specifically,the effect of peer victimization on online trolling was attenuated when adolescents had high levels of trait mindfulness.The results of the study emphasized the joint role of peer and personal factors in adolescents’online trolling behavior and provide certain strategies for intervening in adolescents’online trolling behavior.Conclusion:The results of the study suggest that strategies focusing on peer support and mindfulness training can have a positive impact on reducing online trolling behavior,promoting adolescents’mental health,and their long-term development.

Research Progress on Neuroprotective Effects of Salvianolic Acid B in an Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease

As an active ingredient extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza,the neuroprotective effects of salvianolic acid B in Parkinson's disease include antioxidation,improvement of mitochondrial function,modulation of neuroinflammation,inhibition of apoptosis,promotion of neuronal differentiation and proliferation,and influence on intestinal flora.As an adjuvant drug,salbutamol B can be used in combination with conventional therapeutic drugs to enhance the efficacy and minimize the side effects,which provides a method and basis for the early diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease in clinical practice.

Current status of nerve infiltration by skip metastases in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent malignant tumor,with the global new cases reaching 1.9316 million and deaths reaching 935,200 in 2022.In China,therewere 555,500 new cases of CRC,with an age-standardized incidence rate of 24.07 per 10million,and 286,200 deaths.China accounts for approximately 30%of new cases and deaths from CRC worldwide,with East Asia accounting for over 75%.Initially,CRC presents as local tumor growth,but it has the potential to spread to other body parts over time.Perineural infiltration(PNI)is a relatively less discussed route of diffusion,yet it plays a crucial role in the progression and prognosis of CRC.PNI often occurs alongside local lymph nodes and distant metastases,posing challenges for treatment and management.Clinical symptoms,radiographic findings,and histopathological examination can be used to diagnose PNI with skipmetastasis.Symptoms commonly include local pain,paresthesia,andmotor impairment.Imaging helps identify the mass’s location and relationship to nerves,whereas histopathological examination confirms the diagnosis.Treatment of PNI skipmetastases is similar to other CRC metastases,including surgical resection,chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and targeted therapy.Surgical resection is the primary therapeutic approach,but the wider range of metastasis in PNI skip transfer may limit its feasibility.In cases where surgical resection is not possible,chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and targeted therapy are used to control tumor metastasis.In conclusion,PNI skip metastases increase the risk of poor prognosis for CRC,requiring a comprehensive approach with multiple treatments to prevent disease progression.Early detection and treatment are vital to improving prognosis.

cN0期胃癌患者术前中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比血小板淋巴细胞比和C反应蛋白白蛋白比与术后淋巴结转移的关系

目的:探讨cN0期(术前影像学诊断)胃癌患者术前外周血中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,NLR)、血小板与淋巴细胞比值(platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio,PLR)和C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)与白蛋白比值(C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio,CAR)等系统性炎症反应指标与患者术后淋巴结转移的关系,并建立指数预测模型。方法:回顾性分析四川省肿瘤医院2019年1月至12月行根治性手术切除的cN0期胃癌患者206例,按照术后病理诊断分为淋巴结转移组(group pN+)和无淋巴结转移组(group p N0),同时选取200例同期健康体检者作为健康对照组,比较炎症反应指标之间的差异,以及NLR、PLR、CAR与淋巴结转移数、转移率、淋巴结状态等之间的关系,利用多因素Logistic回归模型筛选c N0期胃癌患者淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结果:p N+组胃癌患者术前白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、CRP、PLR、NLR、CAR、癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)明显高于pN0组患者,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05),而pN0组与健康对照组之间差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);而淋巴细胞计数、血小板计数和白蛋白水平的组间差异无统计意义(均P>0.05)。术前高NLR组、高PLR组和高CAR组患者的淋巴结分期构成及淋巴结转移数量分别低于术前低NLR组、低PLR组和低CAR组,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析显示,肿瘤大小、浸润深度、NLR和CAR是术前诊断为cN0期胃癌患者术后淋巴结转移的独立危险因素,OR值分别为1.358、8.174、3.049和2.254。术前诊断c N0期胃癌患者淋巴结转移的指数预测模型表达式为h(t)=h0exp(1.358X_(1)+8.174X_(2)+3.049X_(3)+2.254X_(4))。结论:术前高PLR、NLR和CAR水平与患者淋巴结分期及淋巴结转移数量密切相关,术前高NLR和CAR水平是cN0期胃癌患者淋巴结转移的独立影响因素。

交联改性对静电纺乌拉草提取液/聚乙烯醇纳米纤维膜性能的影响

为了优化用于医用敷料的乌拉草提取液/聚乙烯醇纳米纤维膜的耐水性,对制备好的纤维膜进行气相交联改性。选用戊二醛和浓盐酸作为交联剂和催化剂,在满足医用敷料性能的基础上提高膜的耐水性,进而提高抗菌性,并研究交联时间对膜的影响,确定最优交联时间。采用扫描电子显微镜、电子单纤强力仪及红外光谱仪对改性前后膜的微观形貌、力学性能及分子结构进行表征,并对膜的透气性和孔隙率、接触角和吸水性以及抗菌性进行测试。结果表明,经戊二醛交联改性后,纳米纤维膜的接触角从16°逐渐增大到78°,耐水性显著提高;其形貌、水蒸气透过率及孔隙率均能满足医用敷料的要求。随着交联时间的延长,其力学性能和吸水倍率先增强后减弱,在交联4 h时分别达到最大值(7.34±0.80)MPa和857%;其抗菌性在交联2 h时达到最优,此时大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径分别为3.0 mm和1.1 mm。由以上结论得出,交联2 h和4 h的纳米纤维膜的综合性能最好。

临床实践指南实施性促进研究之五:中医/中西医结合临床实践指南与专家共识的实施性评价

目的 通过指南实施性评价工具评价国内外已发表的中医/中西医结合临床指南与专家共识的实施性质量,了解中医/中西医结合临床指南与专家共识的实施性,为促进中医/中西医指南的实施与推广提供参考。方法 计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方(WanFang Data)、PubMed、医脉通,搜集中医/中西医结合原创指南/共识。应用指南实施性评价工具对纳入的中医/中西医指南进行实施性评价。结果 共纳入指南/共识231部,其中指南119部、共识112部。总体来看,中医/中西医结合指南/共识的实施性较低,大部分指南/共识的实施性质量属于低等级(90.91%)。结论 我国中医/中西医临床实践指南/专家共识的实施性仍有待提高,将实施科学纳入指南制订过程,并从源头开始管理和引导,优化指南内容呈现与传播策略,可促进指南/共识的实施与应用。

干性年龄相关性黄斑变性药物治疗研究进展

年龄相关性黄斑变性(ARMD)是全球范围内引起不可逆性视觉损伤的主要原因之一,且随着人口老龄化的加剧,患者数量逐渐增多,其中约90%为干性ARMD。干性ARMD缺乏有效的治疗措施,近年来成为了研究热点,其中药物治疗是主要的治疗方式之一。目前针对氧化损伤、炎症、血流障碍等ARMD致病因素,广泛开展了针对性的药物治疗,部分药物已被证实可减缓ARMD进展。本文总结了干性ARMD的药物治疗手段,包括抗氧化药物、补体类生物制剂、非甾体抗炎药和免疫抑制剂、血管扩张剂、神经保护药物及中药,对其作用机制及近年开展的临床研究进行综述,以期为干性ARMD的治疗与新药物的研发提供参考。

右美托咪定复合地佐辛静脉镇痛对老年患者腹腔镜术后认知功能的影响

目的观察右美托咪定复合地佐辛静脉镇痛对老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术后认知功能的影响。方法择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的老年患者40例,随机分为右美托咪定复合地佐辛镇痛组D组和舒芬太尼镇痛组C组两组,每组各20例。术后D组地佐辛0.4 g/kg和右美托咪定200.0 mg配制成100 ml持续静脉泵注;C组舒芬太尼3μg/kg配制成100 ml持续静脉泵注。观察并记录术后2、4、8、24和48 h时患者的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和Ramsay镇静评分,于术前1 d、术后1、3和5 d使用简易智能量表(MMSE)进行患者术前术后的神经心理学评估。结果 D组患者在术后各时点的VAS评分与C组无差异(P>0.05),Ramsay评分在4、8和24 h均明显低于C组(P <0.05);D组患者术后1和3 d的MMSE评分低于术前1 d(P <0.05),且在术后1和3 d明显高于C组(P <0.05);D组术后认知功能障碍(POCD)的发生率在术后1和3 d明显小于C组(P <0.05)。结论右美托咪定复合地佐辛应用于老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术后镇痛,不但镇痛镇静效果好,还能减少POCD的发生。

NTRK基因融合和TRK抑制剂在非小细胞肺癌中的研究进展

肺癌是癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一,其中非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)约占肺癌全部病例数的80%~85%。大部分NSCLC患者初诊时即为晚期,尽管传统化疗、免疫治疗等取得了显著的进展,其总体预后仍然较差。近年来,随着精准医学的不断进步,新兴靶点及相应药物研究越来越多,使靶向治疗的前景日趋广阔。目前,NTRK基因融合已被证实与多种实体瘤的发生发展密切相关,其在NSCLC中的发生率约为0.2%,且通常不与其它常见致癌驱动基因重叠。研究显示,原肌球蛋白受体激酶(tropomyosin receptor kinase,TRK)抑制剂在NTRK基因融合阳性的实体瘤中表现出了良好的疗效和安全性,难治性NSCLC患者可从中明显获益。本文就NTRK基因融合和TRK抑制剂在NSCLC中的研究进展进行综述。

针刀技术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者经皮椎体成形术后残余痛的临床效果

目的 探讨针刀技术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)患者经皮椎体成形术(PVP)术后残余痛的临床效果。方法 选择2021年6月至2022年9月安徽省马鞍山市人民医院脊柱骨科收治的40例OVCF患者行PVP术后发生残余痛的患者,按照随机数字表法将其分为药物组及针刀组,各20例。两组都给予维D钙咀嚼片、阿法骨化醇软胶囊治疗。药物组在此基础上给予塞来昔布胶囊治疗,针刀组在此基础上给予针刀技术治疗。比较两组治疗前,治疗后1 d、1个月及3个月时视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)及汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分。结果 VAS评分、ODI指数及HAMA评分组间比较、时间点比较及交互作用差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。组内比较:两组不同时间点VAS评分、ODI指数及HAMA评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较:针刀组治疗后1 d、1个月、3个月VAS评分、ODI指数及HAMA评分均低于同期药物组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 小针刀技术治疗PVP术后残余痛的临床效果明确,可快速减轻患者腰背部的疼痛,且较早地改善患者腰背部功能,值得临床推广应用。