Near-field radiative heat transfer between nanoporous GaN films

Photon tunneling effects give rise to surface waves,amplifying radiative heat transfer in the near-field regime.Recent research has highlighted that the introduction of nanopores into materials creates additional pathways for heat transfer,leading to a substantial enhancement of near-field radiative heat transfer(NFRHT).Being a direct bandgap semiconductor,GaN has high thermal conductivity and stable resistance at high temperatures,and holds significant potential for applications in optoelectronic devices.Indeed,study of NFRHT between nanoporous GaN films is currently lacking,hence the physical mechanism for adding nanopores to GaN films remains to be discussed in the field of NFRHT.In this work,we delve into the NFRHT of GaN nanoporous films in terms of gap distance,GaN film thickness and the vacuum filling ratio.The results demonstrate a 27.2%increase in heat flux for a 10 nm gap when the nanoporous filling ratio is 0.5.Moreover,the spectral heat flux exhibits redshift with increase in the vacuum filling ratio.To be more precise,the peak of spectral heat flux moves fromω=1.31×10^(14)rad·s^(-1)toω=1.23×10^(14)rad·s^(-1)when the vacuum filling ratio changes from f=0.1 to f=0.5;this can be attributed to the excitation of surface phonon polaritons.The introduction of graphene into these configurations can highly enhance the NFRHT,and the spectral heat flux exhibits a blueshift with increase in the vacuum filling ratio,which can be explained by the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons.These findings offer theoretical insights that can guide the extensive utilization of porous structures in thermal control,management and thermal modulation.

Quality of life and survival outcomes of patients with inoperable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after definitive radiation therapy:A multicenter retrospective observational study in China from 2015 to 2016

Objectives:To investigate the health-related quality of life(HRQL)of long-term survivors of inoperable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)treated with definitive radiation therapy,the real-world trends in the use of advanced radiation techniques,and their impact on the survival outcomes of ESCC patients.Methods:In this multicenter retrospective observational study,the medical records related to demographics and treatment of ESCC patients who were treated with definitive radiation therapy at 14 provincial hospitals in China from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2016 were analyzed.A HRQL questionnaire was completed by survivors and collected by doctors at the final follow-up.The difference in quality of life between patients with or without recurrence was compared using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test.Overall survival(OS)was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the group differences were assessed by unstratified log-rank test.The Cox proportional hazards model with Efron’s method of tie handling was used to calculate the risk factors for OS.Results:The data of a total of 3,308 patients were collected for this study,248 were excluded because of missing data,and a final of 3,060 patients were included in the analysis.Most patients(2,901;94.8%)received intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)/volumetric-modulated arc therapy(VMAT)/tomotherapy(TOMO).The 5-year OS rate was 30%.Patients who received either two-dimensional radiotherapy(2DRT;HR,2.43[95%CI,1.70-3.47];P<0.001)or three-dimensional radiotherapy(3DRT;HR,1.45[95%CI,1.14-1.84];P=0.003)had a significantly increased risk of death compared to those who received IMRT/VMAT/TOMO.Of the 716(23.4%)long-term survivors who completed the HRQL questionnaire,nearly 70%patients were still able to swallow normally or almost normally,and>80%patients did not experience weight loss.Nearly 80%patients found life very enjoyable or were fairly enjoying life.Conclusions:This large,multicenter retrospective study on ESCC patients who received definitive radiation ther-apy found that most ESCC survivors are satisfied with their quality of life.Most patients received advanced radiation technology.Patients who received either 2DRT or 3DRT had a significantly increased risk of death compared to those who received advanced radiation technology.

Skorohod Integral at Vacuum State on Guichardet-Fock Spaces

In this paper, we define expectation of f∈F, i.e. E(f)=f(?), according to Wiener-Ito-Segal isomorphic relation between Guichardet-Fock space F and Wienerspace W. Meanwhile, we derive a formula for the expectation of random Hermite polynomial in Skorohod integral on Guichardet- Fock spaces. In particular, we prove that the anticipative Girsanov identities under the condition E(Hx(δ(x),‖x‖2)),n≥1 on Guichardet-Fock spaces.

Moment Identities for Skorohod Integrals on Guichardet-Fock Spaces

In this paper, we define expectation of f∈E, i.e. E(f)=f(?), accordingto Wiener-Ito-Segal isomorphic relation between Guichardet-Fock space F and Wienerspace W. Meanwhile, we prove a moment identity for the Skorohod integrals aboutvacuum state.

钴(Ⅱ)基分子配合物用于光催化二氧化碳还原

利用太阳能将CO_(2)还原成燃料或高附加值的化工原料,是解决能源危机和气候变暖的理想途径,其中的关键问题是开发高效的催化剂。近年来,非贵金属Co(Ⅱ)配合物作为分子催化剂在光催化CO_(2)还原方面展现出良好的催化性能。本文按配体的不同种类,系统介绍Co(Ⅱ)配合物分子催化剂在光催化CO_(2)还原方面的最新研究进展。并在此基础上,重点分析配合物分子结构对催化效率、选择性和稳定性的影响,总结构效关系。最后,针对在光催化CO_(2)还原中存在的问题,提出了Co(Ⅱ)配合物分子催化剂的设计思路,并对Co(II)配合物分子催化剂用于光催化CO_(2)还原的前景进行了展望。

数字时代未成年人个人信息的法律保护

数字环境有别于传统生活场景,其发生及兴起使未成年人面临着"数字身份"泄露、"数字痕迹"持久性等威胁,对未成年人个人信息保护提出了新的挑战。随着年龄增长及主体独立意识的觉醒,未成年人的成长过程也是不断获得行为能力的过程,于是在个人信息领域产生了"赋权与保护"的两难选择。而我国现有关于未成年人个人信息的法律规定较为零散,存在未成年人信息自决年龄界限标准不合理、监护人同意机制不明晰、信息处理者的义务边界模糊等问题。结合美国、欧盟等在该领域的最新立法及我国信息保护实践,可通过分层的年龄界限标准、可验证的监护人同意机制、明确网络经营者的义务边界及法律责任等路径,建立健全我国未成年人个人信息的法律保护体系。

Environmental effects of mariculture in China:An overall study of nitrogen and phosphorus loads

Eutrophication in coastal area has become more and more serious and mariculture potential is a main cause.Although there are some quantitative research on nutrient loads in national and global perspective,the calculation method problems make the results controversial.In this paper,the farming activities are divided into fed culture types(include cage culture and pond culture)and extractive culture types(e.g.seaweed,filter-feeding shellfish culture).Based on the annual yield of China in 2019 and feed coefficient of fed culture types and carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)content of extractive culture types,the annual nutrient loads was estimated.The results showed that to coastal region of China(1)annual nutrient released by fed culture types were about58451 t of N,9081 t of P,and annual nutrient removed by harvest of extractive culture types were 109245 t of N,11980 t of P and 1.86×10^(6)t of C.Overall,the net amount of nutrient removed annually by mariculture industry were 50794 t of N and 2901 t of P.(2)The nutrient released from mariculture industry influenced nutrient stoichiometry.Pond farming and seaweed farming had the potential of increasing the molar concentration ratio of N and P(N:P),while cage farming and bivalve farming decreased the N:P.(3)Due to different mariculture types and layouts in the coastal regions in China,N and P loading were regional different.Among the coastal regions in China,net release of nutrient from mariculture occurred only in Hainan and Guangxi regions,while in the other regions,N and P were completely removed by harvest.We suggest decrease the amount of fed culture types and increase the amount of integrated culture with extractive culture types.This study will help to adjust mariculture structure and layout at the national level to reduce the environmental impact.

Localization of Unbounded Operators on Guichardet Spaces

As stochastic gradient and Skorohod integral operators, is an adjoint pair of unbounded operators on Guichardet Spaces. In this paper, we define an adjoint pair of operator , where with being the conditional expectation operator. We show that (resp.) is essentially a kind of localization of the stochastic gradient operators (resp. Skorohod integral operators δ). We examine that and satisfy a local CAR (canonical ani-communication relation) and forms a mutually orthogonal operator sequence although each is not a projection operator. We find that is s-adapted operator if and only if is s-adapted operator. Finally we show application exponential vector formulation of QS calculus.

A new horizon for the steroidal alkaloid cyclovirobuxine D(huangyangning)and analogues:Anticancer activities and mechanism of action

The steroidal alkaloid cyclovirobuxine D(Cvb-D)is the active principle of the oral drug huangyangning used for many years in China for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.The drug is listed in the Chinese pharmacopeia.Recent studies have revealed that this unsung alkaloid also displays anticancer properties in vitro and in vivo.The drug activates several signaling pathways,and notably represses phosphorylation of proteins EGFR,ERK,Akt,mTOR.Thereby,Cvb-D exerts antiproliferative and antimetastatic activities.In the present review,the anticancer effects of Cvb-D and related natural products isolated from Buxus species have been analyzed.The molecular targets of Cvb-D are unknown at present,but hypotheses are formulated based on the signaling pathways modulated by the drug and the analogy with other compounds.Proteins EGFR and CTHRC1,implicated in the antiproliferative action of Cvb-D,could be considered as upstream targets.A bolder assumption is also formulated with the metastasis-associated protein S100A4 as a potential co-target for Cvb-D.This review aims to shed light on the anticancer properties of Cvb-D and to encourage further mechanistic studies with this drug with a good safety profile and a recognized anti-cardiovascular efficacy.

Earthquake Electromagnetic Precursor Anomalies Detected by a New Ground-based Observation Network

It is a debated topic if there are any observable precursor anomalies prior to the earthquake(EQ hereafter)and if the stronger EQ can be successfully predicted.During last few decades quite a lot of observable electromagnetic(EM)precursors were published by using techniques equipped in either satellites or on ground-based stations.But there are only a few cases that the shortterm precursor anomalies of EM field before earthquakes were observed by using alternate EM fields on ground.This paper will present a new EM observation network built in recent years and show a new finding of EM field with the variation of a one-year cycle observed using the network.As an example,the short-term precursor anomalies of apparent resistivity before the Yangbi EQ(Ms 5.1)occurred on March 27,2017 in Yunnan Province will be studied.The observed anomalous phenomena indicate that the anomaly before the EQ can be captured only if reasonable effective methods including sophisticated analytical techniques are used,and it is believed that continuously observed data on the fixed observation network for a long time is an effective means for studying anomalies that appeared before earthquakes.This network can also play an important role in studying the EM environment from space.

Technology and test results of space adaptability of passive hydrogen maser

Based on the operating principle and the electric property design of the passive hydrogen maser, the technology and test results of its space adaptability are carried out under the special launch conditions and space environment. The various perturbations affecting the output frequency of such a standard used for the navigation satellite system are specified, such as magnetic field change, vibration, thermal vacuum and radiation. Through the adaptability technology in the aspects above, the security and reliability of the space passive hydrogen maser sufficiently fulfill the requirements of space operation. At present, the space passive hydrogen maser is working normally on board, indicating that the space adaptability satisfies the design requirement.

Optimization Scheme of Integrated Community Energy Utilization System Based on Improved Sine-Cosine Algorithm

China consumes significant amount of natural gas in winter.The integrated community energy utilization system(ICEUS)cannot stabilize the output of electricity and heat if there is a shortage of natural gas.The operation cost of the system still needs improvement.An energy supply structure using garbage power as the core of ICEUS was established in the study.The optimal dispatchingmodel of ICEUS was established using the regulating characteristic of the community load.The sine-cosine algorithm(SCA)based on nonlinear factors and segmented weight was presented to solve the optimal dispatching model of ICEUS.From the simulation results,compared with particle swarm optimization algorithm(PSO),SCA,exponential sinecosine algorithm(ESCA),and parabolic sine-cosine algorithm(PSCA),the daily operation cost of ICEUS was reduced by the improved SCA by 4.4%,2.9%,2.6%and 4.1%,respectively,in winter.The same was true in summer.The daily system operating cost was effectively reduced by the algorithm proposed in the study.The cost benefits of the optimized ICEUS operation was realized.

ON THE ERROR-SUM FUNCTION OF ALTERNATING LüROTH SERIES

The error-sum function of alternating Lǖroth series is introduced, which, to some extent, discerns the superior or not of an expansion comparing to other expansions. Some elementary properties of this function are studied. Also, the Hausdorff dimension of graph of such function is determined.

Expression of Tyrosine-kinase Receptors and Neurotrophins in Human Neuroblastomas

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate mRNA expression of tyrosine-kinase receptors （TRKs） and neurotrophins （NTs） in human neuroblastomas. METHODS Expression of TrkA, TrkB, TrkC and BDNF was quantitatively examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） in 27 cases of neuroblastomas. RESULTS The high and total rates of TrkA were expressed in significantly more tumors in a lower-stage group compared to a higher-stage group （P〈0.05） and the high level of TrkA expression was correlated positively with the 2-year cumulative-survival rate of the patients （P〈 0.01）. The high and total rates of TrkB were expressed in significantly more tumors in a higher-stage group compared to a lower-stage group （P〈0.05）. All 3 rates of BDNF expression between the 2 groups showed no statistical difference （P〉0.05）, but the co-expression ratio of TrkB and BDNF showed a remarkable significance in the higher-stage group more than in the lower-stage group （P〈0.05）. TrkC expression was usually accompanied by TrkA expression, but there was only a non-significant trend between TrkC expression and TrkA expression. CONCLUSION RT-PCR for mRNA expression of TRKs and NTs has important clinical significance relating to the tumor stage and outcome for patients with neuroblastomas.

Long noncoding RNA 1392 regulates MDA5 by interaction with ELAVL1 to inhibit coxsackievirus B5 infection

Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)modulate many aspects of biological and pathological processes.Recent studies have shown that host lncRNAs participate in the antiviral immune response,but functional lncRNAs in coxsackievirus B5(CVB5)infection remain unknown.Here,we identified a novel cytoplasmic lncRNA,LINC1392,which was highly inducible in CVB5 infected RD cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner,and also can be induced by the viral RNA and IFN-β.Further investigation showed that LINC1392 promoted several important interferon-stimulated genes(ISGs)expression,including IFIT1,IFIT2,and IFITM3 by activating MDA5,thereby inhibiting the replication of CVB5 in vitro.Mechanistically,LINC1392 bound to ELAV like RNA binding protein 1(ELAVL1)and blocked ELAVL1 interaction with MDA5.Functional study revealed that the 245–835 nt locus of LINC1392 exerted the antiviral effect and was also an important site for ELAVL1 binding.In mice,LINC1392 could inhibit CVB5 replication and alleviated the histopathological lesions of intestinal and brain tissues induced by viral infection.Our findings collectively reveal that the novel LINC1392 acts as a positive regulator in the IFN-I signaling pathway against CVB5 infection.Elucidating the underlying mechanisms on how lncRNA regulats the host innate immunity response towards CVB5 infection will lay the foundation for antiviral drug research.

Engineering Coordination Environment of Cobalt Center in Molecular Catalysts for Improved Photocatalytic CO_(2) Reduction

The creation of effective and inexpensive catalysts is essential for photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction.Homogeneous molecular catalysts,possessing definite crystal structures,are desirable to study the relationship between catalytic performance and coordination microenvironment around catalytic center.In this report,we elaborately developed three Co(II)-based molecular catalysts with different coordination microenvironments for CO_(2) reduction,named[CoN_(3)O]ClO_(4),[CoN_(4)]ClO_(4),and[CoN_(3)S]ClO_(4),respectively.The optimal[CoN_(3)O]ClO_(4) photocatalyst has a maximum TON of 5652 in photocatalytic reduced CO_(2) reduction,which is 1.28 and 1.65 times greater than that of[CoN_(4)]ClO_(4) and[CoN_(3)S]ClO_(4),respectively.The high electronegativity of oxygen in L1(N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)amine)provides the Co(II)catalytic centers with low reduction potentials and a more stable*COOH intermediate,which facilitates the CO_(2)-to-CO conversion and accounts for the high photocatalytic activity of[CoN_(3)O]ClO_(4).This work provides researchers new insights in development of catalysts for photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction.

Metabolic changes during larval–pupal metamorphosis of Helicoverpa armigera

Energy metabolism is essential for insect metamorphosis. The accumulation and utilization of energy is still not completely clear during larval–pupal metamorphosis of holometabolous insects. We used metabolome and transcriptome analysis to reveal key metabolic changes in the fat body and plasma and the underlying metabolic regulation mechanism of Helicoverpa armigera, an important global agricultural insect pest, during larval–pupal metamorphosis. During the feeding stage, activation of aerobic glycolysis provided intermediate metabolites and energy for cell proliferation and lipid synthesis. During the non-feeding stages (the initiation of the wandering stage and the prepupal stage), aerobic glycolysis was suppressed, while, triglyceride degradation was activated in the fat body. The blocking of metabolic pathways in the fat body was probably caused by 20-hydroxyecdysone-induced cell apoptosis. 20-hydroxyecdysone cooperated with carnitine to promote the degradation of triglycerides and the accumulation of acylcarnitines in the hemolymph, allowing rapid transportation and supply of lipids from the fat body to other organs, which provided a valuable reference for revealing the metabolic regulation mechanism of lepidopteran larvae during the last instar. Carnitine and acylcarnitines are first reported to be key factors that mediate the degradation and utilization of lipids during larval–pupal metamorphosis of lepidopteran insects.

Enhancing photocatalytic performance of metal-organic frameworks for CO_(2) reduction by a bimetallic strategy

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) as a type of crystalline heterogeneous catalysts have shown potential application in photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction.However,MOF catalysts with high efficiency and selectivity are still in pursuit.Herein,by a bimetallic strategy,the catalytic performance of a Co-MOF for photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction was enhanced.Specifically,the Co-MOF based on 4,5-dicarboxylic acid(H;IDC) and4,4’-bipydine(4,4’-bpy) can catalyze CO;reduction to CO,with high efficiency but relatively low selectivity.After replacement of 2/3 Co(Ⅱ) with Ni(Ⅱ) within Co-MOF,the resulted isostructural Co_(1)Ni_(2)-MOF not only retains high efficiency for photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction,but also shows enhanced CO selectivity.The CO evolution rate reaches 1160 μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)and the CO selectivity reaches as high as 94.6%.The enhanced photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction performance is supported by theoretical calculation results.This case demonstrates that bimetallic strategy is an effective mean to optimize the catalytic performance of MOF catalysts for photochemical CO_(2)reduction.

A review of seismo-electromagnetic research in China

The seismo-electromagnetic(EM)method is an important geophysical method that plays a major role in the observation of seismic anomalies related to earthquake precursors.It is the most promising method for a breakthrough in short-term earthquake prediction.The digital transformation and network upgrading implemented in the“Ninth five-year plan”and“Tenth five-year plan”have optimized the original observation system,improved the quality of observed data,enriched the seismicelectromagnetic information,and enhanced the analysis capability and timeliness of seismic-electromagnetic anomalies.These improvements are of major importance for the research on seismo-electromagnetics as well as for the development of new technologies.Since the beginning of the 21 st century,China has launched a satellite named CSES that was designed for the generation and study of seismo-electromagnetic data and built a high-power transmitting source and a new CSELF observation network that is used specifically for earthquake monitoring.This platform has promoted the full-time three-dimensional EM monitoring and the identification of earthquake anomalies.Based on the study of anomalies related to earthquake precursors,the physical and numerical simulations,and the study on generation mechanism of anomalies in China,we summarize the characteristics of earthquake EM anomalies and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different EM observation methods.Finally,considering the related questions of the seismo-electromagnetic prediction and implementing the recent developments both in China and abroad,we review the current status of seismo-electromagnetic research and propose strategies for future research.

Surface‑Enhanced Raman Scattering Fiber Probe Based on Silver Nanocubes

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)provides a novel method for low concentration molecular detection.The performances were highly dependent on the sizes,geometries and distributions of metal nanostructures.Here,highly sensitive SERS fber probe based on silver nanocubes(Ag NCs)was fabricated,by assembled nanostructures on planar and tapered fber tips.Ag NCs were synthesized by polyol method,and controlled by reductant content,reaction temperatures and crystal growth durations.Tapered fbers with diferent cone angles were prepared by chemical etching.The electromagnetic distribution simulation indicated that nanocubes had stronger electric feld between two cubes and vertex corners than nanosphere,under 532 nm laser excitation.The intensity could reach 53.52 V/m,for cubes with 70 nm edge length.The SERS performance of probes was characterized using crystal violet analyte.The detectable lowest concentration could reach 10^(-9) and 10^(-10) M for planar and tapered fber probes,respectively.The corresponding enhancement factor could be 9.02×10^(7) and 6.22×10^(8).The relationship between SERS peak intensities and analyte concentrations showed well linear,which indicated both fber probes could be applied for both qualitative and quantitative analysis.Furthermore,optimal cone angle of tapered fber SERS probe was 8.3°.The tapered fber SERS probes have highly sensitive activity and great potential in substance detection.