Real-Time Tunable Gas Sensing Platform Based on SnO_(2) Nanoparticles Activated by Blue Micro-Light-Emitting Diodes

Micro-light-emitting diodes(μLEDs)have gained significant interest as an activation source for gas sensors owing to their advantages,including room temperature operation and low power consumption.However,despite these benefits,challenges still exist such as a limited range of detectable gases and slow response.In this study,we present a blueμLED-integrated light-activated gas sensor array based on SnO_(2)nanoparticles(NPs)that exhibit excellent sensitivity,tunable selectivity,and rapid detection with micro-watt level power consumption.The optimal power forμLED is observed at the highest gas response,supported by finite-difference time-domain simulation.Additionally,we first report the visible light-activated selective detection of reducing gases using noble metal-decorated SnO_(2)NPs.The noble metals induce catalytic interaction with reducing gases,clearly distinguishing NH3,H2,and C2H5OH.Real-time gas monitoring based on a fully hardwareimplemented light-activated sensing array was demonstrated,opening up new avenues for advancements in light-activated electronic nose technologies.

Tailored BiVO_(4)/In_(2)O_(3)nanostructures with boosted charge separation ability toward unassisted water splitting

The development of new heterostructures with high photoactivity is a breakthrough for the limitation of solar-driven water splitting.Here,we first introduce indium oxide(In_(2)O_(3))nanorods(NRs)as a novel electron transport layer for bismuth vanadate(BiVO_(4))with a short charge diffusion length.In_(2)O_(3)NRs reinforce the electron transport and hole blocking of BiVO_(4),surpassing the state-of-the-art photoelectrochemical performances of BiVO_(4)-based photoanodes.Also,a tannin-nickel-iron complex(TANF)is used as an oxygen evolution catalyst to speed up the reaction kinetics.The final TANF/BiVO_(4)/In_(2)O_(3)NR photoanode generates photocurrent densities of 7.1 mAcm^(−2) in sulfite oxidation and 4.2 mA cm^(−2) in water oxidation at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode.Furthermore,the“artificial leaf,”which is a tandem cell with a perovskite/silicon solar cell,shows a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 6.2%for unbiased solar water splitting.We reveal significant advances in the photoactivity of TANF/BiVO_(4)/In_(2)O_(3)NRs from the tailored nanostructure and band structure for charge dynamics.

Crystal Facet Engineering of TiO_(2) Nanostructures for Enhancing Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting with BiVO_(4) Nanodots

Although bismuth vanadate(BiVO4)has been promising as photoanode material for photoelectrochemical water splitting,its charge recombination issue by short charge diffusion length has led to various studies about heterostructure photoanodes.As a hole blocking layer of BiVO4,titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)) has been considered unsuitable because of its relatively positive valence band edge and low electrical conductivity.Herein,a crystal facet engineering of TiO_(2) nanostructures is proposed to control band structures for the hole blocking layer of BiVO4 nanodots.We design two types of TiO_(2) nanostructures,which are nanorods(NRs)and nanoflowers(NFs)with different(001)and(110)crystal facets,respectively,and fabricate BiVO4/TiO_(2) heterostructure photoanodes.The BiVO4/TiO_(2) NFs showed 4.8 times higher photocurrent density than the BiVO4/TiO_(2) NRs.Transient decay time analysis and time-resolved photoluminescence reveal the enhancement is attributed to the reduced charge recombination,which is originated from the formation of type II band alignment between BiVO4 nanodots and TiO_(2) NFs.This work provides not only new insights into the interplay between crystal facets and band structures but also important steps for the design of highly efficient photoelectrodes.

Direct Synthesis of Molybdenum Phosphide Nanorods on Silicon Using Graphene at the Heterointerface for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Reduction

Transition metal phosphides(TMPs)and transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)have been widely investigated as photoelectrochemical(PEC)catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Using high-temperature processes to get crystallized compounds with large-area uniformity,it is still challenging to directly synthesize these catalysts on silicon photocathodes due to chemical incompatibility at the heterointerface.Here,a graphene interlayer is applied between p-Si and MoP nanorods to enable fully engineered interfaces without forming a metallic secondary compound that absorbs a parasitic light and provides an inefficient electron path for hydrogen evolution.Furthermore,the graphene facilitates the photogenerated electrons to rapidly transfer by creating Mo-O-C covalent bondings and energetically favorable band bending.With a bridging role of graphene,numerous active sites and anti-reflectance of MoP nanorods lead to significantly improved PEC-HER performance with a high photocurrent density of 21.8 mA cm−2 at 0 V versus RHE and high stability.Besides,low dependence on pH and temperature is observed with MoP nanorods incorporated photocathodes,which is desirable for practical use as a part of PEC cells.These results indicate that the direct synthesis of TMPs and TMDs enabled by graphene interlayer is a new promising way to fabricate Si-based photocathodes with high-quality interfaces and superior HER performance.

Rationally designed graphene channels for real-time sodium ion detection for electronic tongue

Monitoring taste-inducing ions and molecules continuously in liquids or solutions is of great considerable matter for the realization of the electronic tongue(E-tongue).Particularly from the five major tastes,the highly selective,sensitive detection of Na^(+)in real-time is prioritized.Prioritization is due to the saltiness of food is the key ingredient in most meals.Nevertheless,existing Na^(+)detecting devices have relatively low performances of selectivity,sensitivity,and lack of on–off functions.Additionally,conventional devices significantly deteriorate in capac-ity due to repetitive usage or lifetime shortage by degradation of the sensing mate-rial.Herein,a graphene-based channel was rationally designed by the facile decoration of Calix[4]arene and Nafion to address this issue.They act as a receptor and a molecular sieve,respectively,to enhance selectivity and sensitivity and elon-gate the life expectancy of the device.This device was merged with a microfluidic channel to control the injection and withdrawal of solutions to fulfill dynamic on–off functions.The fabricated device has highly selective,sensitive Na^(+)detection properties compared to other 10 molecule/ionic species.Dynamic on–off functions of the device were available,also possesses a long lifespan of at least 220 days.Additionally,it can precisely discriminate real beverages containing Na^(+),which can be observed by principal component analysis plot.These features offer the possibility of ascending to a platform for E-tongues in near future.