Fabricating AC/DC nanogenerators based on single ZnO nanowires by using a nanomanipulator in a scanning electron microscope

Single zinc oxide nanowires(ZnO NWs)are promising for nanogenerators because of their excellent semiconducting and piezoelectric properties,but characterizing the latter efficiently is challenging.As reported here,an electrical breakdown strategy was used to construct single ZnO NWs with a specific length.With the high operability of a nanomanipulator in a scanning electron microscope,ZnO-NW-based twoprobe and three-probe structures were constructed for fabricating AC/DC nanogenerators,respectively.For a ZnO NW,an AC output of between−15.31 mV and 5.82 mV was achieved,while for a DC nanogenerator,an output of24.3 mV was realized.Also,the three-probe structure’s output method was changed to verify the distribution of piezoelectric charges when a single ZnO NW is bent by a probe,and DC outputs of different amplitudes were achieved.This study provides a low-cost,highly convenient,and operational method for studying the AC/DC output characteristics of single NWs,which is beneficial for the further development of nanogenerators.

Chlorine-Substituent Regulation in Dopant-Free Small-Molecule Hole-Transport Materials Improves the Effi ciency and Stability of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Although doped hole-transport materials(HTMs)off er an effi ciency benefi t for perovskite solar cells(PSCs),they inevi-tably diminish the stability.Here,we describe the use of various chlorinated small molecules,specifi cally fl uorenone-triphenylamine(FO-TPA)-x-Cl[x=para,meta,and ortho(p,m,and o)],with diff erent chlorine-substituent positions,as dopant-free HTMs for PSCs.These chlorinated molecules feature a symmetrical donor-acceptor-donor structure and ideal intramolecular charge transfer properties,allowing for self-doping and the establishment of built-in potentials for improving charge extraction.Highly effi cient hole-transfer interfaces are constructed between perovskites and these HTMs by strategi-cally modifying the chlorine substitution.Thus,the chlorinated HTM-derived inverted PSCs exhibited superior effi ciencies and air stabilities.Importantly,the dopant-free HTM FO-TPA-o-Cl not only attains a power conversion effi ciency of 20.82% but also demonstrates exceptional stability,retaining 93.8%of its initial effi ciency even after a 30-day aging test conducted under ambient air conditions in PSCs without encapsulation.These fi ndings underscore the critical role of chlorine-substituent regulation in HTMs in ensuring the formation and maintenance of effi cient and stable PSCs.

载荷自适应五连杆抽油机的设计计算

介绍了新型载荷自适应五连杆抽油机的结构组成，推导出了载荷自适应五连杆抽油机的运动计算和动力计算的理论公式。以CYJZ10-4．2-53HB型载荷自适应抽油机为计算实例，论述了该五连杆抽油机的性能特点，并与偏置抽油机进行了对比。计算结果表明，在相同的条件下，载荷自适应五连杆抽油机可节电8．65％以上，连杆拉力减少44．94％，减速器峰值扭矩减少16．83％，是一种比较有发展前途的节能抽油机。

Pick-up strategies for and electrical characterization of ZnO nanowires with a SEM-based nanomanipulator

Because of their unique mechanical and electrical properties,zinc oxide(ZnO)nanowires are used widely in microscopic and nanoscopic devices and structures,but characterizing them remains challenging.In this paper,two pick-up strategies are proposed for characterizing the electrical properties of ZnO nanowires using SEM equipped with a nanomanipulator.To pick up nanowires efficiently,direct sampling is compared with electrification fusing,and experiments show that direct sampling is more stable while electrification fusing is more efficient.ZnO nanowires have cut-off properties,and good Schottky contact with the tungsten probes was established.In piezoelectric experiments,the maximum piezoelectric voltage generated by an individual ZnO nanowire was 0.07 V,and its impedance decreased with increasing input signal frequency until it became stable.This work offers a technical reference for the pick-up and construction of nanomaterials and nanogeneration technology.

Design and fabrication of GeAsSeS chalcogenide waveguides with thermal annealing

We reported a chalcogenide glass-based rib waveguide fabricated using photolithography and dry etching method. A commercial software(COMSOL Multiphysics) was used to optimize the waveguide structure and the distribution of the fundamental modes in the waveguide based on the complete vector finite component. We further employed thermal annealing to optimize the surface and sidewalls of the rib waveguides. It was found that the optimal annealing temperature for Ge As Se S films is 220℃, and the roughness of the films could be significantly reduced by annealing. The zero-dispersion wavelength(ZDW) could be shifted to a short wavelength around ~2.1 μm via waveguide structural optimization, which promotes supercontinuum generation with a short wavelength pump laser source. The insertion loss of the waveguides with cross-sectional areas of 4.0 μm×3.5 μm and 6.0 μm×3.5 μm was measured using lens fiber and the cut-back method. The propagation loss of the 220℃ annealed waveguides could be as low as 1.9 d B/cm at 1550 nm.

Emerging trends of integrated-mixed-signal chips in ISSCC 2023

In February 2023,the annual‘Olympic’of the chip industry,ISSCC,returned to in-person meetings in San Francisco.As shown in Fig.1,from the ISSCC 2023,we can see that the trend in IC design has shifted from pure digital to mixed-signal design,particularly in areas such as AI accelerator chips and quantum computing.Chips have also evolved from integrated circuits to integrated chips through modulelevel,function-level,and chip-level fusion,with compute-inmemory being the best embodiment of module-level and function-level fusion.Moreover,quantum computing was one of the major focuses of this ISSCC edition,with a separate paper session dedicated to cryo-CMOS for quantum computing.

Clinical features of Chinese psoriatic patients for early referral of arthritis using psoriasis epidemiology screening tool:A cross-sectional analysis from the registry database of Chinese Psoriasis Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment Center

To the Editor:Psoriatic arthritis(PsA)is a type of arthritic condition that occurs in patients with psoriasis.Early identification of patients at risk and the knowledge of risk factors is crucial for dermatologists.The Chinese Psoriasis Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment Center(CPSDTC)registry database is a prospective,multicenter cohort study launched by the Peking University First Hospital in July 2020 to gather clinical information on Chinese patients with psoriasis.Our study aimed to report the clinical features of Chinese psoriatic patients using the Psoriasis Epidemiology Screening Tool(PEST)for the early referral of arthritis.