Ganoderma lucidum:a comprehensive review of phytochemistry,efficacy,safety and clinical study

Ganoderma lucidum,one of the most well-known edible fungi,is believed to be very beneficial for longevity and vitality.A long usage history suggests that G.lucidum has various clinical therapeutic effects.And experimental studies have confirmed that G.lucidum has multiple pharmacological effects,including antitumor,anti-microbial,anti-HIV protease,and antidiabetic activity and so on.With the deepening of research,more than 300 compounds have been isolated from G.lucidum.There is an increasing population of G.lucidum-based products,and its international development is expanding.Currently,G.lucidum has drawn much attention to its chemical composition,therapeutic effect,clinical value,and safety.This paper provides a comprehensive review of these aspects to enhance the global promotion of G.lucidum.

Electrochemical detection of methyl-paraoxon based on bifunctional cerium oxide nanozyme with catalytic activity and signal amplification effect

A new electrochemical sensor for organophosphate pesticide(methyl-paraoxon)detection based on bifunctional cerium oxide(CeO_(2))nanozyme is here reported for the first time.Methyl-paraoxon was degraded into p-nitrophenol by using CeO_(2) with phosphatase mimicking activity.The CeO_(2) nanozymemodified electrode was then synthesized to detect p-nitrophenol.Cyclic voltammetry was applied to investigate the electrochemical behavior of the modified electrode,which indicates that the signal enhancement effect may attribute to the coating of CeO_(2) nanozyme.The current research also studied and discussed the main parameters affecting the analytical signal,including accumulation potential,accumulation time,and pH.Under the optimum conditions,the present method provided a wider linear range from 0.1 to 100 mmol/L for methyl-paraoxon with a detection limit of 0.06 mmol/L.To validate the proof of concept,the electrochemical sensor was then successfully applied for the determination of methyl-paraoxon in three herb samples,i.e.,Coix lacryma-jobi,Adenophora stricta and Semen nelumbinis.Our findings may provide new insights into the application of bifunctional nanozyme in electrochemical detection of organophosphorus pesticide.

Ti/Sn掺杂CeMn基催化剂的低温脱硝活性及抗水性能

采用共沉淀法制备了Ti/Sn掺杂的CeMn基复合金属氧化物催化剂,研究了Ti/Sn改性对CeMnO_(x)催化剂的脱硝性能和抗水性能的影响,并通过物化性能表征对催化剂的微观结构、吸附氨状态、氧化还原能力以及表面元素价态进行了分析。结果表明,Ti和Sn元素的引入均可以提升CeMnO_(x)催化剂低温NO_(x)转化活性和抗水性能,并且Ti的提升效果更加显著,在150~250℃,CeMnTiO_(x)脱硝效率接近100%,在200℃、10vol%H_(2)O条件下,脱硝效率维持在95%以上。H_(2)程序升温还原、NH_(3)程序升温脱附及X射线光电子能谱等检测结果表明催化剂表面Ce-O-Ti和Mn-O-Ti结构的形成提升了催化剂的氧化还原性能,增多了催化剂表面弱酸位、中强酸位数量,同时形成了更多的氧空位,从而使催化剂获得了良好的低温NO_(x)转化活性。

Purification and crystallization of xylitol from fermentation broth of corncob hydrolysates

Xylitol,a five-carbon sugar alcohol,is a valuable sugar substitute,and widely used in the pharmaceutical,odontological and food industry due to its interesting properties.In the past decades,the xylitol industry has grown rapidly and more attention has been focused on xylitol purification,which possesses an important proportion of the whole industry.In our paper,the purification and crystallization of xylitol fermentation broth by biotechnology using corncob hydrolysates as substance were studied.An initial xylitol fermentation broth was decolored with activated carbon(1%M-1,60℃,165 rpm),desalted with a combination of two ionexchange resins(732 and D301),and residual sugars were separated with UBK-555(Ca^(2+)).Then the solution was vacuum-concentrated up to supersaturation(750 g/L xylitol).After adding 1%xylitol crystal seeds,the supersaturated solution was cooled to-20℃for 48 h.The crystalline xylitol of a regular tetrahedral shape with purity 95%and crystallization yield 60.2%was obtained from the clarified xylitol fermentation broth.An intact,economical and environmental-friendly route of purification and crystallization of xylitol from fermentation of corncob hydrolysates was obtained,and its experimental procedure and data provided a sound basis for large-scale industrial production.

Co-NC as adsorbent and matrix providing the ability of MALDI MS to analyze volatile compounds

Traditional matrix does not allow matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry(MALDI MS) to analyze volatile compounds,because volatile analytes may vaporize during the sample preparation process or in the high vacuum circumstance of ion source.Herein,we reported a Co and N doped porous carbon material(Co-NC) which were synthesized by pyrolysis of a Schiff base coordination compound.Co-NC could simultaneously act as adsorbent of volatile compounds and as matrix of MALDI MS,to provide the capability of MALDI MS to analyze volatile compounds.As adsorbent,Co-NC could stro ngly adsorb and enrich the volatile compounds in perfume and herbs,and hold them even in the high vacuum circumstance.On the other hand,Co-NC could absorb the energy of the laser,and then transfer the energy to the analyte for desorption and ionization of analyte in both negative and positive ionization modes.Additionally,the background interferences were avoided in the low-mass region(<500 Da) when using Co-NC as matrix,overcoming the challenges of MALDI MS analysis of small molecule compounds.In summary,Co-NC as matrix tremendously extended the application of MALDI MS.

A Simple Synthesis of Tetraamino-[60]Fullerene Epoxides as Potential Antitumor Drug Candidates

Amphiphilic aminated fullerenes have a broad margin of safety and significant antitumor effects.Herein,we develop a simple and versatile synthesis strategy for tetraamino-[60]fullerene epoxide(C_(60)(NR^(1)R^(2))_(4)O)using C_(60)Cl_(6)as a precursor,which notably reduces the reaction time to less than 1 h while retaining a high yield of over 80%with both cyclic and linear secondary amine substrates even at the gram level.The molecular structure of C_(60)(NR^(1)R^(2))_(4)O is first validated by single-crystal diffraction,and a two-step reaction mechanism comprising nucleophilic substitution of Cl and the oxidative elimination of Cl_(2)is proposed based on experimental verification and density functional theory simulation.A set of water-soluble aminated C_(60)(NR^(1)R^(2))_(4)O was prepared in large quantities,and in vitro antitumor evaluation unveiled the critical role that terminal primary amino moieties of C_(60)(NR^(1)R^(2))_(4)O play in their antineoplastic effects.This work provides an effective synthesis method for aminated C_(60)(NR^(1)R^(2))_(4)O,facilitating the development of fullerene-derived tumor-targeted drugs.