Revenue management method and critical techniques of railway passenger transport

Purpose–Revenue management(RM)is a significant technique to improve revenue with limited resources.With the macro environment of dramatically increasing transit capacity and rapid railway transport development in China,it is necessary to involve the theory of RM into the operation and decision of railway passenger transport.Design/methodology/approach–This paper proposes the theory and framework of generalized RM of railway passenger transport(RMRPT),and the thoughts and methods of the main techniques in RMRPT,involving demand forecasting,line planning,inventory control,pricing strategies and information systems,are all studied and elaborated.The involved methods and techniques provide a sequential process to help with the decision-making for each stage of RMRPT.The corresponding techniques are integrated into the information system to support practical businesses in railway passenger transport.Findings–The combination of the whole techniques devotes to railway benefit improvement and transit resource utilization and has been applied into the practical operation and organization of railway passenger transport.Originality/value–The development of RMRPT would provide theoretical and technical support for the improvement of service quality as well as railway benefits and efficiency.

CEPC Technical Design Report

The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.

Radiative leptonic decay of heavy quarkonia

In this study,the properties of heavy quarkonia X are examined by treating them as bound states of Q and Q at the leading-order level within the non-relativistic quantum chromodynamics(NROCD)framework,where Q represents either a charm or bottom quark.The branching ratios for the radiative leptonic decays X→γl^(+)l^(-)are revisited,and the angular and energy/momentum distributions of the final state particles are analyzed in the restframe of X.Furthermore,we apply Lorentz transformations from the rest frame of X to the center-of-mass frame of l^(+)l^(-)to establish the connection between the widths Г_(x→γl^(+)l^(-))and Г_(x→l^(+)l^(-)).The comparison of the connection tothose documented in literature(divided by 2π)for various X states,such as J/Ψ,Ψ(2S),Υ(1S),and Υ(2S),shows relative differences typically around or below 10%,comparable to the next-to-leading order corrections of O(α)and 0(ν^(4)).However,we observe a significant disparity in the ratio betweenГ_(Ψ(2S)→γτ^(+)τ^(-))andГ_(Ψ(2S)→τ^(+)τ^(-)),with our prediction being four times larger than those in literature.The outcomes derived from this study have practical im.plications in describing the quantum electrodynamics radiative processes and contribute to the investigation of QCD processes associated with the decays of heavy quarkonia and searches for new physies.