In perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the inherent defects of perovskite film and the random distribution of excess lead iodide(PbI_(2))prevent the improvement of efficiency and stability.Herein,natural cellulose is used as...In perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the inherent defects of perovskite film and the random distribution of excess lead iodide(PbI_(2))prevent the improvement of efficiency and stability.Herein,natural cellulose is used as the raw material to design a series of cellulose derivatives for perovskite crystallization engineering.The cationic cellulose derivative C-Im-CN with cyano-imidazolium(Im-CN)cation and chloride anion prominently promotes the crystallization process,grain growth,and directional orientation of perovskite.Meanwhile,excess PbI_(2)is transferred to the surface of perovskite grains or formed plate-like crystallites in local domains.These effects result in suppressing defect formation,decreasing grain boundaries,enhancing carrier extraction,inhibiting non-radiative recombination,and dramatically prolonging carrier lifetimes.Thus,the PSCs exhibit a high power conversion efficiency of 24.71%.Moreover,C-Im-CN has multiple interaction sites and polymer skeleton,so the unencapsulated PSCs maintain above 91.3%of their initial efficiencies after 3000 h of continuous operation in a conventional air atmosphere and have good stability under high humidity conditions.The utilization of biopolymers with excellent structure-designability to manage the perovskite opens a state-of-the-art avenue for manufacturing and improving PSCs.展开更多
Objective: This study was designed to explore the time trends in geographical variations of cervical cancer mortality in China's Mainland over the period 1973 to 2013, to provide subnational spatio-temporal patte...Objective: This study was designed to explore the time trends in geographical variations of cervical cancer mortality in China's Mainland over the period 1973 to 2013, to provide subnational spatio-temporal patterns for targeted promotion of human papillomavirus vaccine in China. Methods: Data were extracted from three national retrospective death surveys and cancer registry. The rate ratio (RR) was estimated for the aggregated data for seven geographical regions using generalized linear models to evaluate time trends in geographical disparities of cervical cancer mortality. Results: There was a significant decrease in cervical cancer mortality in China from 1973-1975 to 2004-2005, but leveled off thereafter to 2011-2013. Compared to the period 1973-1975 the RR for the three last time periods were 0.33 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.30-0.37] for 1990-1992, 0.21 (95% CI: 0.19-0.24) for 2004-2005 and 0.24 (95% CI: 0.22-0.26) for 2011-2013. Females living in the Northwest China and Central China have a high risk of mortality from cervical cancer compared to the nationwide, with the RR being 2.09 (95% CI: 1.83-2.38) and 1.26 (95% CI: t.11-1.44) respectively, while the RRs for South China, Northeast China and Southwest China were below 1.00, indicating the lower death risk. Despite the mortality rate had increased slightly from 2004 to 2013, there was an encouraging sign that the geographical disparities in cervical cancer mortality had gradually narrowed over time across China. Conclusions: Although cervical cancer mortality in China has reduced to very low levels, the high risk of cervical cancer in Northwest China and Central China is still noteworthy. Public health policies including the promotion of vaccine should be targeted to further reduction of geographical disparities in cervical cancer mortality.展开更多
In near-infrared spectroscopy,the traditional feature band extraction method has certain limitations.Therefore,a band extraction method named the three-step extraction method was proposed.This method combines characte...In near-infrared spectroscopy,the traditional feature band extraction method has certain limitations.Therefore,a band extraction method named the three-step extraction method was proposed.This method combines characteristic absorption bands and correlation coefficients to select characteristic bands corresponding to various spectral forms and then uses stepwise regression to eliminate meaningless variables.Partial least squares regression(PLSR)and extreme learning machine(ELM)models were used to verify the effect of the band extraction method.Results show that the differential transformation of the spectrum can effectively improve the correlation between the spectrum and nickel(Ni)content.Most correlation coefficients were above 0.7 and approximately 20%higher than those of other transformation methods.The model effect established by the feature variable selection method based on comprehensive spectral transformation is only slightly affected by the spectral transformation form.Infive types of spectral transformation,the RPD values of the proposed method were all within the same level.The RPD values of the PLSR model were concentrated between 1.6 and 1.8,and those of the ELM model were between 2.5 and2.9,indicating that this method is beneficial for extracting more complete spectral features.The combination of the three-step extraction method and ELM algorithm can effectively retain important bands associated with the Ni content of the soil.The model based on the spectral band selected by the three-step extraction method has better prediction ability than the other models.The ELM model of the first-order differential transformation has the best prediction accuracy(RP^2=0.923,RPD=3.634).The research results provide some technical support for monitoring heavy metal content spectrum in local soils.展开更多
Diamond based quantum sensing is a fast-emerging field with both scientific and technological significance.The nitrogen–vacancy(NV)center,a crystal defect in diamond,has become a unique object for microwave sensing a...Diamond based quantum sensing is a fast-emerging field with both scientific and technological significance.The nitrogen–vacancy(NV)center,a crystal defect in diamond,has become a unique object for microwave sensing applications due to its excellent stability,long spin coherence time,and optical properties at ambient condition.In this work,we use diamond NV center as atomic receiver to demodulate on–off keying(OOK)signal transmitted in broad frequency range(2 GHz–14 GHz in a portable benchtop setup).We proposed a unique algorithm of voltage discrimination and demonstrated audio signal transceiving with fidelity above 99%.This diamond receiver is attached to the end of a tapered fiber,having all optic nature,which will find important applications in data transmission tasks under extreme conditions such as strong electromagnetic interference,high temperatures,and high corrosion.展开更多
Objective:To systematically explore the effect and mechanism of melastomatis dodecandri herba(Melastoma dodecandrum Lour.)in the treatment of hepatitis based on network pharmacology.Method:We evaluated the hepatoprote...Objective:To systematically explore the effect and mechanism of melastomatis dodecandri herba(Melastoma dodecandrum Lour.)in the treatment of hepatitis based on network pharmacology.Method:We evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of M.dodecandrum in concanavalin A(Con A)-induced hepatitis in mice by assessing survival rate,histological analysis,serum transaminases,and related cytokines.Then the mechanism of action was predicted by a network pharmacology-based strategy.Based on the results,we measured the hepatic expression of related genes at mRNA level and proteins related to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)and nuclear factorkappa B(NF-кB)pathways.Results:Our study results clearly demonstrated that M.dodecandrum pretreatment significantly alleviated liver injury.This was demonstrated by an increase in survival rate,decreased severity of liver damage,and reduced serum transaminase levels compared with those in the Con A group.Moreover,M.dodecandrum significantly reduced the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-a,interleukin-6,and interferon-g and increased the liver levels of superoxide dismutase,which indicated that M.dodecandrum exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.On the basis of network pharmacology,50 nodes were selected as major hubs based on their topological importance.Pathway enrichment analyses indicated that the putative targets of M.dodecandrum mostly participate in various pathways associated with the anti-inflammation response,which implies the underlying mechanism by which M.dodecandrum acts on hepatitis.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR analysis showed that M.dodecandrum downregulates the mRNA expression of interleukin-6,Toll-like receptor 7,interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4,NF-кB and tumor necrosis factor-a in liver tissues.Western blotting showed that M.dodecandrum pretreatment protected against inflammation through activating the PI3K-Akt pathway by upregulating phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt)expression and suppressing NF-кB activation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IKK,IkBa,and p65.Conclusion:The present work demonstrated the hepatoprotective effects of M.dodecandrum by regulating the PI3K/Akt and NF-кB pathways in Con A-induced mice,which provide insights into the treatment of hepatitis using M.dodecandrum.展开更多
Near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)is based on molecular overtone and combination vibrations.It is difficult to assign specific features under complicated system.So it is necessary to find the relevance between NIRS and ...Near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)is based on molecular overtone and combination vibrations.It is difficult to assign specific features under complicated system.So it is necessary to find the relevance between NIRS and target compound.For this purpose,the chondroitin sulfate(CS)ethanol precipitation process was selected as the research model,and 90 samples of 5 different batches were collected and the content of CS was determined by modifed carbazole method.The relevance between NIRS and CS was studied throughout optical pathlength,pretreat ment methods and variables selection methods.In conclusion,the first derivative with Savitzky--Golay(SG)smoothing was selected as the best pretreatment,and the best spectral region was selected using interval partial least squares(iPLS)method under 1 mm optical cell.A multivariate cali-bration model was established using PLS algorithm for determining the content of CS,and the root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP)is 3.934gL-1.This method will have great potential in process analytical technology in the future.展开更多
In order to obtain Pb content in soil quickly and efficiently,a multivariate linear regression(MLR) and a principal component regression(PCR) Pb content estimation model were established on the basis of hyperspectral ...In order to obtain Pb content in soil quickly and efficiently,a multivariate linear regression(MLR) and a principal component regression(PCR) Pb content estimation model were established on the basis of hyperspectral techniques,and their applicability in different soil types was evaluated.Results indicated that Pb exhibited strong spatial heterogeneity in the study area,and more than 82% of the samples exceeded the background value.In addition,the pollution range was large.Pb was sensitive in the nearinfrared band,and the correlation of absorbance(AB) was most significant of all the transformed forms.Both models achieved optimal stability and reliability when AB was used as an independent variable.Compared with the PCR model,the stability,fitting accuracy,and predictive power of the MLR model were superior with a coefficient of determination,root mean square error,and mean relative error of 0.724%,24.92%,and 28.22%,respectively.Both models could be applied to different soil types;however,MLR had better applicability compared with PCR.The PCR model that distinguished different soil types had better reliability than one that did not.Thus,the model established via hyperspectral techniques can achieve largearea,rapid,and efficient soil Pb content monitoring,which can provide technical support for the treatment of heavy metal pollution in soil.展开更多
Disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier(BSCB)is a critical event in the secondary injury following spinal cord injury(SCI).Mertk has been reported to play an important role in regulating inflammation and cytoskele...Disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier(BSCB)is a critical event in the secondary injury following spinal cord injury(SCI).Mertk has been reported to play an important role in regulating inflammation and cytoskeletal dynamics.However,the specific involvement of Mertk in BSCB remains elusive.Here,we demonstrated a distinct role of Mertk in the repair of BSCB.Mertk expression is decreased in endothelial cells following SCI.Overexpression of Mertk upregulated tight junction proteins(TJs),reducing BSCB permeability and subsequently inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis.Ultimately,this led to enhanced neural regeneration and functional recovery.Further experiments revealed that the RhoA/Rock1/P-MLC pathway plays a key role in the effects of Mertk.These findings highlight the role of Mertk in promoting SCI recovery through its ability to mitigate BSCB permeability and may provide potential targets for SCI repair.展开更多
The virome is the most abundant and highly variable microbial consortium in the gut.Because of difficulties in isolating and culturing gut viruses and the lack of reference genomes,the virome has remained a rela-tivel...The virome is the most abundant and highly variable microbial consortium in the gut.Because of difficulties in isolating and culturing gut viruses and the lack of reference genomes,the virome has remained a rela-tively elusive aspect of the human microbiome.In recent years,studies on the virome have accumulated growing evidence showing that the virome is diet-modulated and widely involved in regulating health.Here,we review the responses of the gut virome to dietary intake and the potential health implications,presenting changes in the gut viral community and preferences of viral members to particular diets.We further discuss how viral-bacterial interactions and phage lifestyle shifts shape the gut microbiota.We also discuss the specific functions conferred by diet on the gut virome and bacterial community in the context of horizontal gene transfer,as well as the import of new viral members along with the diet.Collating these studies will expand our understanding of the dietary regulation of the gut virome and inspire dietary in-terventions and health maintenance strategies targeting the gut microbiota.展开更多
Straw return in situ,a common agronomic measure in China,has been widely used not only to increase crop yields and improve soil nutrients but also to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)from agricultural soil...Straw return in situ,a common agronomic measure in China,has been widely used not only to increase crop yields and improve soil nutrients but also to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)from agricultural soils.Nevertheless,the safety risks of food crops(i.e.,human health risk of wheat grains)grown in PAHs-contaminated agricultural soils amended with crop straw remain uncertain.A pot experiment was conducted in a PAHs-contaminated agricultural soil cultivated with winter wheat under different ratios of corn straw addition(0%(control,CK),1%,2.5%,and 5%,weight/weight).Results showed that corn straw addition significantly(P<0.05)decreased PAH concentrations in rhizosphere soil,roots,straws,and grains by 48.32%–50.01%,11.85%–42.67%,9.78%–28.03%,and 14.16%–31.67%,respectively,compared with CK,whereas the transfer factors of PAHs from roots to straws were significantly(P<0.05)increased.A correlation heatmap showed that PAH concentrations in roots,straws,and grains were positively(P<0.01)correlated with those in rhizosphere soil.These indicated that corn straw decreased PAH accumulation in winter wheat due to the increase of PAH dissipation in the rhizosphere soil,although it enhanced PAH transfer in winter wheat.The incremental lifetime cancer risk(ILCR)model indicated that corn straw significantly(P<0.05)decreased the human health risk of winter wheat grains by 29.73%–45.05%.Overall,corn straw apparently reduced PAH accumulation in winter wheat,ecological risk,and human health risk via enhancing PAH dissipation in the rhizosphere soil.These findings provide an important scientific basis and theoretical guidance for agricultural safety production.展开更多
The biosecurity hazards caused by pathogenic fungus have been widely concerned.Given the long-term coexistence of eukaryotic pathogens and quorum sensing bacteria in different habitats in environments,we hypothesized ...The biosecurity hazards caused by pathogenic fungus have been widely concerned.Given the long-term coexistence of eukaryotic pathogens and quorum sensing bacteria in different habitats in environments,we hypothesized that they have social interactions via signal molecules.In this work,we firstly discovered the well-known bacterial signal molecules play an adverse role in the cell morphology and metabolism in a model pathogen Trichosporon asahii.N-Tetradecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone(C14-HSL)was discovered to increase pathogen hazards of T.asahii,which limited mycelium by 52%,but enhanced cell aggregation by 93%.Higher fluorescence intensity of tryptophan(59%)and aromatic protein(2-fold)contents after the treatment of C14-HSL,indicating that aromatic proteins helped aggregate Trichosporon and showed hydrophobicity.Transcriptome analysis revealed that C14-HSL upregulated the shikimate pathway(above1-fold)located in downstream of tricarboxylic acid cycle,which contributed to the synthesis of more aromatic proteins and the formation of larger flocs.The limited mycelial growth of T.asahii attributed to the up-regulated expressions of cell cycle process.The fungal transboundary response to bacterial C14-HSL was controlled by signal transduction pathways.This study provides new insights into the co-evolution of bacterial and pathogenic fungi in microecosystems.展开更多
At present,artificial intelligence computing platforms are usually based on cloud hosts for services,which have the characteristics of fast training speed and a wide variety of model types.However,the online models of...At present,artificial intelligence computing platforms are usually based on cloud hosts for services,which have the characteristics of fast training speed and a wide variety of model types.However,the online models of such platforms mostly adopt the form of downloading model files,which is difficult to integrate into traditional software system systems.In response to existing problems,this paper takes the relevant theoretical technologies of next-generation intelligent computing platforms as the development framework,and conducts research on the diversity of multi-level intelligent computing requirements,by implementing a universal algorithm model construction and automatic integration mechanism;Build a multi domain and multi-level application algorithm library for different application scenarios;Design a personalized algorithm recommendation based on knowledge reasoning and object-oriented approach,and build an emerging intelligent computing platform for analyzing and understanding real-world data,meeting the needs of complex engineering application software such as heavy backend,light frontend,loose coupling,microservices,etc.,providing theoretical and technical support for innovative big data services and applications with diverse computing requirements.展开更多
Increases in ambient temperatures and the frequency of extreme heat events constitute important burdens on global public health.However,evidence on their effects on public health is limited and inconclusive in China.I...Increases in ambient temperatures and the frequency of extreme heat events constitute important burdens on global public health.However,evidence on their effects on public health is limited and inconclusive in China.In this study,data on daily deaths recorded in 33 Chinese cities from 2007 to 2013 was used to evaluate the effect of heat on mortality in China.In addition to the definition of a heatwave established by the China Meteorological Administration,we combined four city-specific relative thresholds(90th,92.5th,95th,and 97.5th percentiles)of the daily mean temperature during the study period and three durations of≽2,≽3,and≽4 days,from which 13 heatwave definitions were developed.Then,we estimated the main and added effects of heat at the city level using a quasi-Poisson generalized additive model combined with a distributed lag nonlinear model.Next,the estimates for the effects were pooled at the national level using a multivariable meta-analysis.Subgroup analysis was performed according to sex,age,educational attainment,and spatially stratified heterogeneity.The results showed that the mortality risk increased from 22.3%to 37.1%due to the effects of the different heatwave definitions.The added effects were much lower,with the highest increase of 3.9%(95%CI:1.7%–6.1%)in mortality risk.Females,the elderly,populations with low educational levels,and populations living inland in China were found to be the most vulnerable to the detrimental effects of heat.These findings have important implications for the improvement of early warning systems for heatwaves.展开更多
Microbes are commonly sensitive to shifts in the physiological and pathological state of their hosts,including mothers and babies.From this perspective,the microbiome may be a good indicator for diseases during pregna...Microbes are commonly sensitive to shifts in the physiological and pathological state of their hosts,including mothers and babies.From this perspective,the microbiome may be a good indicator for diseases during pregnancy and has the potential to be used for perinatal health monitoring.This is embodied in the application of microbiome from multi body sites for auxiliary diagnosis,early prediction,prolonged monitoring,and retrospective diagnosis of pregnancy and infant complications,as well as nutrition management and health products developments of mothers and babies.Here we summarized the progress in these areas and explained that the microbiome of different body sites is sensitive to different diseases and their microbial biomarkers may overlap between each other,thus we need to make a diagnosis prudently for those diseases.Based on the microbiome variances and additional anthropometric and physical data,individualized responses of mothers and neonates to meals and probiotics/prebiotics were predictable,which is of importance for precise nutrition and probiotics/prebiotics managements and developments.Although a great deal of encouraging performance was manifested in previous studies,the efficacy could be further improved by combining multi-aspect data such as multi-omics and time series analysis in the future.This review reconceptualizes maternal and infant health from a microbiome perspective,and the knowledge in it may inspire the development of new options for the prevention and treatment of adverse pregnancy outcomes and bring a leap forward in perinatal health care.展开更多
For years, biochar has been successfully used for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in contaminated soils, not only for improving their removal from soil but also for reducing their uptake by c...For years, biochar has been successfully used for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in contaminated soils, not only for improving their removal from soil but also for reducing their uptake by crops. However, the underlying mechanism of biochar application reducing PAH uptake and accumulation in winter wheat remains unclear. Pot trials were conducted on a PAH-contaminated soil amended with bamboo biochar, coconut shell biochar,and maize straw biochar(MSB) for an entire growth period of winter wheat. Compared with no biochar control(CK), application of the three types of biochar significantly(P < 0.01) reduced grain PAH concentration, total equivalent concentration(TEC), and incremental lifetime cancer risk(ILCR), indicating that biochar application, especially MSB, reduced the risk of exposure to PAHs in wheat grain. Furthermore, all three types of biochar significantly(P < 0.05)reduced PAH uptake and accumulation in wheat roots and stems, probably because biochar application enhanced the degradation of PAHs in the rhizosphere soil. Compared with CK, application of the three types of biochar significantly(P < 0.05) reduced the concentration of PAHs in the rhizosphere soil by15.9%–33.7%. It was found that the degradation rate of high-molecular-weight(HMW) PAHs(5-and 6-ring PAHs) was significantly(P < 0.05) higher than that of low-molecular-weight(LMW) PAHs(2–4-ring PAHs) regardless of the type of biochar used. Additionally, all three types of biochar significantly increased the relative abundance of the dominant bacterial phyla and genera in soil. Redundancy and correlation analyses also showed that there was a strong correlation between the removal rate of PAHs and dominant bacteria in the rhizosphere soil. This study indicated that biochar effectively reduced the health risk from dietary exposure to PAHs in wheat grains by increasing the abundance of bacteria related to PAH degradation, promoting the biodegradation of PAHs in the rhizosphere soil, and consequently reducing PAH uptake by wheat.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52173292 and U2004211)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2018040).
文摘In perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the inherent defects of perovskite film and the random distribution of excess lead iodide(PbI_(2))prevent the improvement of efficiency and stability.Herein,natural cellulose is used as the raw material to design a series of cellulose derivatives for perovskite crystallization engineering.The cationic cellulose derivative C-Im-CN with cyano-imidazolium(Im-CN)cation and chloride anion prominently promotes the crystallization process,grain growth,and directional orientation of perovskite.Meanwhile,excess PbI_(2)is transferred to the surface of perovskite grains or formed plate-like crystallites in local domains.These effects result in suppressing defect formation,decreasing grain boundaries,enhancing carrier extraction,inhibiting non-radiative recombination,and dramatically prolonging carrier lifetimes.Thus,the PSCs exhibit a high power conversion efficiency of 24.71%.Moreover,C-Im-CN has multiple interaction sites and polymer skeleton,so the unencapsulated PSCs maintain above 91.3%of their initial efficiencies after 3000 h of continuous operation in a conventional air atmosphere and have good stability under high humidity conditions.The utilization of biopolymers with excellent structure-designability to manage the perovskite opens a state-of-the-art avenue for manufacturing and improving PSCs.
基金supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No.2014FY121100)
文摘Objective: This study was designed to explore the time trends in geographical variations of cervical cancer mortality in China's Mainland over the period 1973 to 2013, to provide subnational spatio-temporal patterns for targeted promotion of human papillomavirus vaccine in China. Methods: Data were extracted from three national retrospective death surveys and cancer registry. The rate ratio (RR) was estimated for the aggregated data for seven geographical regions using generalized linear models to evaluate time trends in geographical disparities of cervical cancer mortality. Results: There was a significant decrease in cervical cancer mortality in China from 1973-1975 to 2004-2005, but leveled off thereafter to 2011-2013. Compared to the period 1973-1975 the RR for the three last time periods were 0.33 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.30-0.37] for 1990-1992, 0.21 (95% CI: 0.19-0.24) for 2004-2005 and 0.24 (95% CI: 0.22-0.26) for 2011-2013. Females living in the Northwest China and Central China have a high risk of mortality from cervical cancer compared to the nationwide, with the RR being 2.09 (95% CI: 1.83-2.38) and 1.26 (95% CI: t.11-1.44) respectively, while the RRs for South China, Northeast China and Southwest China were below 1.00, indicating the lower death risk. Despite the mortality rate had increased slightly from 2004 to 2013, there was an encouraging sign that the geographical disparities in cervical cancer mortality had gradually narrowed over time across China. Conclusions: Although cervical cancer mortality in China has reduced to very low levels, the high risk of cervical cancer in Northwest China and Central China is still noteworthy. Public health policies including the promotion of vaccine should be targeted to further reduction of geographical disparities in cervical cancer mortality.
基金supported jointly by the National Key Research Program of China (Nos. 2016YFC0502102, 2016YFC0502300)‘‘Western light’’ talent training plan (Class A)+5 种基金Chinese academy of science and technology services network program (No. KFJ-STS-ZDTP-036)international cooperation agency international partnership program (Nos. 132852KYSB20170029, 2014-3)Guizhou high-level innovative talent training program ‘‘ten’’ level talents program (No. 2016-5648)United fund of karst science research center (No. U1612441)International cooperation research projects of the national natural science fund committee (Nos. 41571130074, 41571130042)Science and Technology Plan of Guizhou Province of China (No. 2017–2966)
文摘In near-infrared spectroscopy,the traditional feature band extraction method has certain limitations.Therefore,a band extraction method named the three-step extraction method was proposed.This method combines characteristic absorption bands and correlation coefficients to select characteristic bands corresponding to various spectral forms and then uses stepwise regression to eliminate meaningless variables.Partial least squares regression(PLSR)and extreme learning machine(ELM)models were used to verify the effect of the band extraction method.Results show that the differential transformation of the spectrum can effectively improve the correlation between the spectrum and nickel(Ni)content.Most correlation coefficients were above 0.7 and approximately 20%higher than those of other transformation methods.The model effect established by the feature variable selection method based on comprehensive spectral transformation is only slightly affected by the spectral transformation form.Infive types of spectral transformation,the RPD values of the proposed method were all within the same level.The RPD values of the PLSR model were concentrated between 1.6 and 1.8,and those of the ELM model were between 2.5 and2.9,indicating that this method is beneficial for extracting more complete spectral features.The combination of the three-step extraction method and ELM algorithm can effectively retain important bands associated with the Ni content of the soil.The model based on the spectral band selected by the three-step extraction method has better prediction ability than the other models.The ELM model of the first-order differential transformation has the best prediction accuracy(RP^2=0.923,RPD=3.634).The research results provide some technical support for monitoring heavy metal content spectrum in local soils.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB2012600)。
文摘Diamond based quantum sensing is a fast-emerging field with both scientific and technological significance.The nitrogen–vacancy(NV)center,a crystal defect in diamond,has become a unique object for microwave sensing applications due to its excellent stability,long spin coherence time,and optical properties at ambient condition.In this work,we use diamond NV center as atomic receiver to demodulate on–off keying(OOK)signal transmitted in broad frequency range(2 GHz–14 GHz in a portable benchtop setup).We proposed a unique algorithm of voltage discrimination and demonstrated audio signal transceiving with fidelity above 99%.This diamond receiver is attached to the end of a tapered fiber,having all optic nature,which will find important applications in data transmission tasks under extreme conditions such as strong electromagnetic interference,high temperatures,and high corrosion.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1706800).
文摘Objective:To systematically explore the effect and mechanism of melastomatis dodecandri herba(Melastoma dodecandrum Lour.)in the treatment of hepatitis based on network pharmacology.Method:We evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of M.dodecandrum in concanavalin A(Con A)-induced hepatitis in mice by assessing survival rate,histological analysis,serum transaminases,and related cytokines.Then the mechanism of action was predicted by a network pharmacology-based strategy.Based on the results,we measured the hepatic expression of related genes at mRNA level and proteins related to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)and nuclear factorkappa B(NF-кB)pathways.Results:Our study results clearly demonstrated that M.dodecandrum pretreatment significantly alleviated liver injury.This was demonstrated by an increase in survival rate,decreased severity of liver damage,and reduced serum transaminase levels compared with those in the Con A group.Moreover,M.dodecandrum significantly reduced the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-a,interleukin-6,and interferon-g and increased the liver levels of superoxide dismutase,which indicated that M.dodecandrum exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.On the basis of network pharmacology,50 nodes were selected as major hubs based on their topological importance.Pathway enrichment analyses indicated that the putative targets of M.dodecandrum mostly participate in various pathways associated with the anti-inflammation response,which implies the underlying mechanism by which M.dodecandrum acts on hepatitis.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR analysis showed that M.dodecandrum downregulates the mRNA expression of interleukin-6,Toll-like receptor 7,interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4,NF-кB and tumor necrosis factor-a in liver tissues.Western blotting showed that M.dodecandrum pretreatment protected against inflammation through activating the PI3K-Akt pathway by upregulating phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt)expression and suppressing NF-кB activation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IKK,IkBa,and p65.Conclusion:The present work demonstrated the hepatoprotective effects of M.dodecandrum by regulating the PI3K/Akt and NF-кB pathways in Con A-induced mice,which provide insights into the treatment of hepatitis using M.dodecandrum.
基金the Chinese National Level College Student Innovation Project (No.1110422080)the 863 program (Hi-tech research and development program of China)under contract NO.2012AA021505the National Training Programs of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates (No.201210422079).
文摘Near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)is based on molecular overtone and combination vibrations.It is difficult to assign specific features under complicated system.So it is necessary to find the relevance between NIRS and target compound.For this purpose,the chondroitin sulfate(CS)ethanol precipitation process was selected as the research model,and 90 samples of 5 different batches were collected and the content of CS was determined by modifed carbazole method.The relevance between NIRS and CS was studied throughout optical pathlength,pretreat ment methods and variables selection methods.In conclusion,the first derivative with Savitzky--Golay(SG)smoothing was selected as the best pretreatment,and the best spectral region was selected using interval partial least squares(iPLS)method under 1 mm optical cell.A multivariate cali-bration model was established using PLS algorithm for determining the content of CS,and the root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP)is 3.934gL-1.This method will have great potential in process analytical technology in the future.
基金supported jointly by National Key Research Program of China (Nos. 2016YFC0502300 and 2016YFC0502102)Chinese Academy of Science, and Technology Services Network Program (No. KFJ-STS-ZDTP-036)+4 种基金International Cooperation Agency International Partnership Program (Nos. 132852KYSB20170029, 2014-3)Guizhou High-level Innovative Talent Training Program “Ten” Level Talents Program (No. 2016-5648)United Fund of Karst Science Research Center (No. U1612441)International Cooperation Research Projects of the National Natural Science Fund Committee (Nos. 41571130074 and 41571130042)Science and Technology Plan of Guizhou Province of China (No. 2017–2966)
文摘In order to obtain Pb content in soil quickly and efficiently,a multivariate linear regression(MLR) and a principal component regression(PCR) Pb content estimation model were established on the basis of hyperspectral techniques,and their applicability in different soil types was evaluated.Results indicated that Pb exhibited strong spatial heterogeneity in the study area,and more than 82% of the samples exceeded the background value.In addition,the pollution range was large.Pb was sensitive in the nearinfrared band,and the correlation of absorbance(AB) was most significant of all the transformed forms.Both models achieved optimal stability and reliability when AB was used as an independent variable.Compared with the PCR model,the stability,fitting accuracy,and predictive power of the MLR model were superior with a coefficient of determination,root mean square error,and mean relative error of 0.724%,24.92%,and 28.22%,respectively.Both models could be applied to different soil types;however,MLR had better applicability compared with PCR.The PCR model that distinguished different soil types had better reliability than one that did not.Thus,the model established via hyperspectral techniques can achieve largearea,rapid,and efficient soil Pb content monitoring,which can provide technical support for the treatment of heavy metal pollution in soil.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2017A030313111)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81974329).
文摘Disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier(BSCB)is a critical event in the secondary injury following spinal cord injury(SCI).Mertk has been reported to play an important role in regulating inflammation and cytoskeletal dynamics.However,the specific involvement of Mertk in BSCB remains elusive.Here,we demonstrated a distinct role of Mertk in the repair of BSCB.Mertk expression is decreased in endothelial cells following SCI.Overexpression of Mertk upregulated tight junction proteins(TJs),reducing BSCB permeability and subsequently inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis.Ultimately,this led to enhanced neural regeneration and functional recovery.Further experiments revealed that the RhoA/Rock1/P-MLC pathway plays a key role in the effects of Mertk.These findings highlight the role of Mertk in promoting SCI recovery through its ability to mitigate BSCB permeability and may provide potential targets for SCI repair.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1304102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070122,32370053,T2341010)+2 种基金the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2023RC022)Pinduoduo-Chinaa Agricultural University Research Fund(PC2023B02015)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.
文摘The virome is the most abundant and highly variable microbial consortium in the gut.Because of difficulties in isolating and culturing gut viruses and the lack of reference genomes,the virome has remained a rela-tively elusive aspect of the human microbiome.In recent years,studies on the virome have accumulated growing evidence showing that the virome is diet-modulated and widely involved in regulating health.Here,we review the responses of the gut virome to dietary intake and the potential health implications,presenting changes in the gut viral community and preferences of viral members to particular diets.We further discuss how viral-bacterial interactions and phage lifestyle shifts shape the gut microbiota.We also discuss the specific functions conferred by diet on the gut virome and bacterial community in the context of horizontal gene transfer,as well as the import of new viral members along with the diet.Collating these studies will expand our understanding of the dietary regulation of the gut virome and inspire dietary in-terventions and health maintenance strategies targeting the gut microbiota.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41571456 and 42077325)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi,China(No.2023-JC-ZD-17).
文摘Straw return in situ,a common agronomic measure in China,has been widely used not only to increase crop yields and improve soil nutrients but also to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)from agricultural soils.Nevertheless,the safety risks of food crops(i.e.,human health risk of wheat grains)grown in PAHs-contaminated agricultural soils amended with crop straw remain uncertain.A pot experiment was conducted in a PAHs-contaminated agricultural soil cultivated with winter wheat under different ratios of corn straw addition(0%(control,CK),1%,2.5%,and 5%,weight/weight).Results showed that corn straw addition significantly(P<0.05)decreased PAH concentrations in rhizosphere soil,roots,straws,and grains by 48.32%–50.01%,11.85%–42.67%,9.78%–28.03%,and 14.16%–31.67%,respectively,compared with CK,whereas the transfer factors of PAHs from roots to straws were significantly(P<0.05)increased.A correlation heatmap showed that PAH concentrations in roots,straws,and grains were positively(P<0.01)correlated with those in rhizosphere soil.These indicated that corn straw decreased PAH accumulation in winter wheat due to the increase of PAH dissipation in the rhizosphere soil,although it enhanced PAH transfer in winter wheat.The incremental lifetime cancer risk(ILCR)model indicated that corn straw significantly(P<0.05)decreased the human health risk of winter wheat grains by 29.73%–45.05%.Overall,corn straw apparently reduced PAH accumulation in winter wheat,ecological risk,and human health risk via enhancing PAH dissipation in the rhizosphere soil.These findings provide an important scientific basis and theoretical guidance for agricultural safety production.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52070036,U20A20322)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2412018ZD042)for their financial support。
文摘The biosecurity hazards caused by pathogenic fungus have been widely concerned.Given the long-term coexistence of eukaryotic pathogens and quorum sensing bacteria in different habitats in environments,we hypothesized that they have social interactions via signal molecules.In this work,we firstly discovered the well-known bacterial signal molecules play an adverse role in the cell morphology and metabolism in a model pathogen Trichosporon asahii.N-Tetradecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone(C14-HSL)was discovered to increase pathogen hazards of T.asahii,which limited mycelium by 52%,but enhanced cell aggregation by 93%.Higher fluorescence intensity of tryptophan(59%)and aromatic protein(2-fold)contents after the treatment of C14-HSL,indicating that aromatic proteins helped aggregate Trichosporon and showed hydrophobicity.Transcriptome analysis revealed that C14-HSL upregulated the shikimate pathway(above1-fold)located in downstream of tricarboxylic acid cycle,which contributed to the synthesis of more aromatic proteins and the formation of larger flocs.The limited mycelial growth of T.asahii attributed to the up-regulated expressions of cell cycle process.The fungal transboundary response to bacterial C14-HSL was controlled by signal transduction pathways.This study provides new insights into the co-evolution of bacterial and pathogenic fungi in microecosystems.
文摘At present,artificial intelligence computing platforms are usually based on cloud hosts for services,which have the characteristics of fast training speed and a wide variety of model types.However,the online models of such platforms mostly adopt the form of downloading model files,which is difficult to integrate into traditional software system systems.In response to existing problems,this paper takes the relevant theoretical technologies of next-generation intelligent computing platforms as the development framework,and conducts research on the diversity of multi-level intelligent computing requirements,by implementing a universal algorithm model construction and automatic integration mechanism;Build a multi domain and multi-level application algorithm library for different application scenarios;Design a personalized algorithm recommendation based on knowledge reasoning and object-oriented approach,and build an emerging intelligent computing platform for analyzing and understanding real-world data,meeting the needs of complex engineering application software such as heavy backend,light frontend,loose coupling,microservices,etc.,providing theoretical and technical support for innovative big data services and applications with diverse computing requirements.
基金the Wellcome Trust(No.209387/Z/17/Z)Funding was also provided by the Cultivation Fund of Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,the Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine(No.2020-BJYJ-10)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82003552)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2020A1515011161)。
文摘Increases in ambient temperatures and the frequency of extreme heat events constitute important burdens on global public health.However,evidence on their effects on public health is limited and inconclusive in China.In this study,data on daily deaths recorded in 33 Chinese cities from 2007 to 2013 was used to evaluate the effect of heat on mortality in China.In addition to the definition of a heatwave established by the China Meteorological Administration,we combined four city-specific relative thresholds(90th,92.5th,95th,and 97.5th percentiles)of the daily mean temperature during the study period and three durations of≽2,≽3,and≽4 days,from which 13 heatwave definitions were developed.Then,we estimated the main and added effects of heat at the city level using a quasi-Poisson generalized additive model combined with a distributed lag nonlinear model.Next,the estimates for the effects were pooled at the national level using a multivariable meta-analysis.Subgroup analysis was performed according to sex,age,educational attainment,and spatially stratified heterogeneity.The results showed that the mortality risk increased from 22.3%to 37.1%due to the effects of the different heatwave definitions.The added effects were much lower,with the highest increase of 3.9%(95%CI:1.7%–6.1%)in mortality risk.Females,the elderly,populations with low educational levels,and populations living inland in China were found to be the most vulnerable to the detrimental effects of heat.These findings have important implications for the improvement of early warning systems for heatwaves.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1304102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070122),the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2022RC027)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.The authors thank Liwen Xiao,Bing Zhang,Jinyang Zhang,Liuling Ma,Xiaoai Zhang,Xiaoqing Li,and Fangqing Zhao for their contributions in our previously published research paper related to this review.
文摘Microbes are commonly sensitive to shifts in the physiological and pathological state of their hosts,including mothers and babies.From this perspective,the microbiome may be a good indicator for diseases during pregnancy and has the potential to be used for perinatal health monitoring.This is embodied in the application of microbiome from multi body sites for auxiliary diagnosis,early prediction,prolonged monitoring,and retrospective diagnosis of pregnancy and infant complications,as well as nutrition management and health products developments of mothers and babies.Here we summarized the progress in these areas and explained that the microbiome of different body sites is sensitive to different diseases and their microbial biomarkers may overlap between each other,thus we need to make a diagnosis prudently for those diseases.Based on the microbiome variances and additional anthropometric and physical data,individualized responses of mothers and neonates to meals and probiotics/prebiotics were predictable,which is of importance for precise nutrition and probiotics/prebiotics managements and developments.Although a great deal of encouraging performance was manifested in previous studies,the efficacy could be further improved by combining multi-aspect data such as multi-omics and time series analysis in the future.This review reconceptualizes maternal and infant health from a microbiome perspective,and the knowledge in it may inspire the development of new options for the prevention and treatment of adverse pregnancy outcomes and bring a leap forward in perinatal health care.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42077325 and 41571456)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (No. 2019JZ-25)。
文摘For years, biochar has been successfully used for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in contaminated soils, not only for improving their removal from soil but also for reducing their uptake by crops. However, the underlying mechanism of biochar application reducing PAH uptake and accumulation in winter wheat remains unclear. Pot trials were conducted on a PAH-contaminated soil amended with bamboo biochar, coconut shell biochar,and maize straw biochar(MSB) for an entire growth period of winter wheat. Compared with no biochar control(CK), application of the three types of biochar significantly(P < 0.01) reduced grain PAH concentration, total equivalent concentration(TEC), and incremental lifetime cancer risk(ILCR), indicating that biochar application, especially MSB, reduced the risk of exposure to PAHs in wheat grain. Furthermore, all three types of biochar significantly(P < 0.05)reduced PAH uptake and accumulation in wheat roots and stems, probably because biochar application enhanced the degradation of PAHs in the rhizosphere soil. Compared with CK, application of the three types of biochar significantly(P < 0.05) reduced the concentration of PAHs in the rhizosphere soil by15.9%–33.7%. It was found that the degradation rate of high-molecular-weight(HMW) PAHs(5-and 6-ring PAHs) was significantly(P < 0.05) higher than that of low-molecular-weight(LMW) PAHs(2–4-ring PAHs) regardless of the type of biochar used. Additionally, all three types of biochar significantly increased the relative abundance of the dominant bacterial phyla and genera in soil. Redundancy and correlation analyses also showed that there was a strong correlation between the removal rate of PAHs and dominant bacteria in the rhizosphere soil. This study indicated that biochar effectively reduced the health risk from dietary exposure to PAHs in wheat grains by increasing the abundance of bacteria related to PAH degradation, promoting the biodegradation of PAHs in the rhizosphere soil, and consequently reducing PAH uptake by wheat.