陕西雷暴大风时空分布和气象条件分析

分析陕西不同区域雷暴大风形成环境差异,有助于更好地掌握此类过程的热力、动力和环流特征,为该类天气的预报预警提供参考。基于2017—2022年地面观测资料、闪电资料和欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)发布的第五代全球气候再分析资料(ERA5),分析陕西雷暴大风时空分布特征,并分区域对比分析暖型雷暴大风的环境参数和环流特征。结果表明:陕北和关中东部为雷暴大风高发区,暖型雷暴大风明显多于冷型;夏季远多于其他季节,6—8月暖型雷暴大风陕北明显多于关中和陕南。雷暴大风高发时段为15:00—21:00(北京时,下同),且14:00—18:00暖型雷暴大风发生频率陕北明显高于关中和陕南。不同区域暖型雷暴大风发生前热力、动力条件存在一定差异,陕北过程前能量和水汽条件相对较弱,动力条件相对较强;陕南能量和水汽条件相对更强,动力条件相对较弱。频率高于15%的环流型为陕北西风型和反气旋配合西风型、关中西风型和反气旋配合西风型、陕南气旋配合西风型和反气旋配合西风型。陕北西风型和反气旋配合西风型,陕北位于冷涡低槽底部或低槽底部与副热带高压之间,850 hPa和500 hPa温差较大,为对流天气发生提供了一定的不稳定条件,过程平均发生位置附近有切变存在,有利于对流天气触发;关中西风型,低层偏南气流较强,温度露点差较小;陕南气旋配合西风型,T-ln P图表现为近V型且能量条件较好;关中和陕南反气旋配合西风型,T-ln P图表现为近V型且水汽条件较好。

计及参与成本贡献的用户侧云储能服务及其纳什议价模型

为了解决以共享经济概念为基础的云储能服务中用户与运营商之间的成本贡献及收益分配问题,提出了计及参与成本贡献的用户侧云储能服务及其纳什议价模型,对运营商独立投资的集中式云储能服务进行定价。在所述服务框架中,运营商优先对充放电需求互补的用户交换电能,再通过充放电或购售电来满足总体的净充放电需求;然后,采用Shapley值法为用户分配储能损耗贡献度,并综合考虑用户的新能源余量能量互济率及虚拟储能利用率,对分配结果改进,以进一步刻画用户服务费的差异性;最后,求解计及用户成本贡献的纳什议价模型,计算各用户的服务费。算例结果表明:所提方法减小了储能充放电损耗及总体用能成本,并提升了新能源消纳率;且改进Shapley值法的分配结果促进了用户将新能源余量上网及按需租赁虚拟储能。同时,纳什议价模型在保证用户服务费差异合理的前提下,兼顾了用户群体和运营商之间的利益诉求,促进了双方合作。

Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new wood-rotting fungal species,Cyathus wenshanensis sp.nov.from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau

A new species of bird's nest fungus,Cyathus wenshanensis is proposed based on a combination of the morphological and molecular evidence.It is characterised by the obconical to cupulate basidiomata covered with hirsute hairs,striations on the outer and inner surface of the peridium,funicular peridioles,a trimitic hyphal system of peridium with generative hyphae having clamp connections,a dimitic hyphal system of peridiole middle,and subglobose,elliptical to ellipsoid-elongate,thick-walled basidiospores.Sequence of the internal transcribed spacers(ITS)gene region was generated,and the phylogenetic analysis was performed with maximum likelihood,maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods.The phylogenetic analyses inferred from ITS dataset indicated that C.wenshanensis nested within the genus Cyathus,in which it formed a monophyletic lineage and grouped with C.albinus,C.amazonicus,C.badius,C.parvocinereus,C.pyristriatus and C.uniperidiolus.

中和剂对生菜、圣女果中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的增菌效果

目的评价5种中和剂增菌液对生菜、圣女果中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的增菌效果,筛选出适用于即食蔬菜中单增李斯特菌检测的增菌液。方法采用冷冻干燥方法制备7株单增李斯特菌定量冻干样品,选择大豆酪蛋白葡萄糖卵磷酯吐温80培养基(soya casein digest lecithin polysorbate broth,SCDLP)、改良卵磷脂肉汤(modified letheen broth,MLB)等5种含中和成分的增菌液为研究对象,以无中和成分的缓冲蛋白胨水(buffered peptone water,BPW)为对照,通过接种单增李斯特菌冻干标准菌株模拟果蔬真实污染情况,考察不同重量生菜和圣女果在中和剂增菌液中的增菌情况。在此基础上,每种蔬菜选取2种增菌效果良好的中和剂增菌液,采用7株单增李斯特菌冻干标准菌株进行适用性验证。结果7株单增李斯特菌冻干样品均匀性和稳定性良好。针对不同重量的生菜和圣女果,随着检样量增加单增李斯特菌增菌受抑制程度增加;与BPW相比5种中和剂增菌液均有助于缓解生菜对单增李斯特菌的抑制作用;此外除UPB和D/E中和肉汤外,其余3种中和剂增菌液对圣女果中单增李斯特菌的增菌效果均优于BPW。当检样量为325 g时,混合增菌液(mixed enrichment broth,MIX)中单增李斯特菌的菌浓度最高,且该增菌液适用于7株单增李斯特菌标准菌株的增菌过程。结论生菜和圣女果中存在对单增李斯特菌的抑菌成分;针对7株单增李斯特菌,MIX增菌效果最佳。

CMPAS融合产品在陕西短时强降水监测中的适用性评估

使用2016—2021年陕西省降水数据以及2018—2021年中国区域融合降水分析系统(CMA Multi-source Precipitation Analysis System,CMPAS-V2.1)的二源和三源融合降水分析实时产品,分析陕西省近6 a短时强降水的时空特征,并通过统计检验方法评估融合降水产品的准确性,为融合产品在短时强降水过程中的订正提供参考依据。结果表明:(1)陕西省短时强降水的最高频次出现在19:00(北京时,下同),强降水主要集中在16:00至次日02:00,且更多发生在6—8月。强降水极值在17:00至次日01:00和04:00—07:00相对较大。陕南地区短时强降水频次明显高于关中和陕北地区;陕北北部、关中东部以及陕南中东部的强降水极值相对更大。(2)两类降水产品的降水量均偏小。三源产品的平均绝对误差在陕北南部、关中大部和陕南南部地区较小,而其余地区二源产品较优。平均绝对误差随着降水量的增加而增大,对于20~50 mm的短时强降水,三源产品更为可靠,而对于50 mm以上的强降水,二源产品表现更佳。(3)两类产品平均绝对误差在13:00—19:00、23:00至次日01:00和04:00—06:00较大,在08:00—12:00、20:00—22:00和02:00—03:00较小,5—8月三源产品表现优于二源产品,而在9—10月二源产品较为可信。(4)降水量阈值降低时融合产品的准确性增加。三源融合产品在性能上优于二源;9—10月两类融合产品的降水量均优于5—8月。

陕西商洛“6·30”强冰雹过程环境条件及雷达特征分析

利用地面加密资料、多普勒雷达观测资料、ERA5(0.25°×0.25°)逐小时再分析资料,对2022年6月30日陕南东部一次极端强冰雹天气过程的环境条件及雷达特征进行分析。结果表明:高空冷涡后部偏北气流带动高层干冷空气南下,叠加在低层西南暖湿气流之上,造成强的位势不稳定层结,为强对流天气发生提供了有利的背景条件。较强的低层水汽输送及辐合、强的对流有效位能、适宜的0℃和-20℃等温线高度、0-6 km中等强度的垂直风切变为冰雹天气发生提供了有利的环境条件,中高层冷空气及地面冷池触发了强对流天气。适宜的冷暖云厚度有利于雹粒的增大;强的上升气流有利于小雹粒在丰富的过冷水中循环增长。基本反射率因子图上有三体散射,最强反射率因子达65 dBZ以上,剖面图上有低层弱回波区、中高层回波悬垂,50 dBZ以上的强回波核心位置有超过-20℃等温线高度。基本速度图上有中气旋特征,回波顶高对对流发展和减弱有一定指示意义。垂直液态水含量跃增20 kg·m^(-2)以上对冰雹天气预警有一定的指示意义。

消费主义导向的技术设计伦理问题及其治理路径

现代消费主义起源于20世纪美国工业设计时期,其标志是“有计划报废制”的形成与消费者工程学的确立。虽然消费主义促进了当时美国经济的发展,但作为一种企业营销手段,也带来了诸多技术设计的伦理问题。有关工业设计师的道德思考在消费主义中的切入与反省变得逐渐困难,进而对利益相关者之间关系的协调和人类社会可持续发展带来了一定的负面影响。为应对消费主义导向的技术设计带来的伦理问题,通过辩证分析帕帕奈克的技术设计伦理观,提取其中合理的思想成分,包括重新定位技术设计的本质、区分需求与欲求以及责任设计与责任伦理并重,实现理论层面对技术设计伦理问题的反思与超越,并利用3R技术设计方法中的“减少”“再用”与“循环”的设计核心理念来促进实践层面人-社会-自然之间的协调发展。

西北干旱区夏季水汽收支特征及对气温异常的响应

利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)提供的1979—2016年ERA-Interim再分析资料分析了西北干旱区(35°N~48°N,80°E~106°E)夏季水汽收支特征,并通过环流合成分析进一步揭示了气温异常对西北干旱区水汽收支的影响。结果表明:西北干旱区夏季大气水汽含量和水汽净收入均为增加趋势。气温和东边界、北边界以及南边界的水汽通量均在20世纪90年代后期发生显著调整。升温主要使西北干旱区东、南边界的水汽支出减少,进而导致水汽含量增加。气温异常调整环流异常,从而使对流层中下层风速变化,进一步影响西北干旱区各边界的水汽输送。其可能影响机制为气温偏高时,印度西南季风加强,使南边界偏北风减弱,导致水汽支出减少;蒙古异常反气旋加强使东边界、南边界东部和北边界的中低层风速减小,导致东边界、南边界东部水汽支出和北边界水汽收入减少。

In Situ Raman Monitoring of Trace Antibiotics in Different Harsh Water Environments

In situ surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)is a widely used operando analytical technique,while facing numerous complex factors in applications under aqueous environment,such as low detection sensitivity,poor anti-interference capability,etc.,resulting in unreliable detectability.To address these issues,herein a new hydrophobic SERS strategy has been attempted.By comprehensively designing and researching a SERS-active structure of superhydrophobic ZnO/Ag nanowires,we demonstrate that hydrophobicity can not only draw analytes from water onto substrate,but also adjust"hottest spot"from the bottom of the nanowires to the top.As a result,the structure can simultaneously concentrate the dispersed molecules in water and the enhanced electric field in structure into a same zone,while perfecting its own anti-interference ability.The underwater in situ analytical enhancement factor of this platform is as high as 1.67×10^(11),and the operando limited of detection for metronidazole(MNZ)reaches to 10^(-9)M.Most importantly,we also successfully generalized this structure to various real in situ detection scenarios,including on-site detection of MNZ in corrosive urine,real-time warning of wrong dose of MNZ during intravenous therapy,in situ monitoring of MNZ in flowing wastewater with particulate interference,etc.,demonstrating the great application potential of this hydrophobic platform.This work realizes a synergistic promotion for in situ SERS performance under aqueous environment,and also provides a novel view for improving other in situ analytical techniques.

Plasma DNA methylation detection for early screening,diagnosis,and monitoring of esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND The early diagnosis rate of esophageal cancer(EC),one of the most prevalent digestive tract cancers worldwide,remains low.AIM To investigate the utility of plasma SHOX2,SEPTIN9,EPO,and RNF180 methylation in the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of EC.Plasma samples were collected from 210 patients at Hubei Cancer Hospital,and TaqMan polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect plasma SHOX2,SEPTIN9,RNF180,and EPO methylation.The area under the curve was used to estimate their diagnostic value for EC.Cox and logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the independent screening risk factors for patients with EC.RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of combined assessment of plasma SHOX2,SEPTIN9,RNF180,and EPO methylation for adenocarcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma(SCC),and EC detection were 66.67%and 86.27%,77.40%and 85.29%,and 76.19%and 86.27%,respectively;the area under the curve values for diagnosing adenocarcinoma,SCC,and EC were 0.737[95%confidence interval(CI):0.584–0.89],0.824(95%CI:0.775–0.891),and 0.864(95%CI:0.809–0.92),respectively.CONCLUSION According to our findings,plasma SHOX2,SEPTIN9,RNF180,and EPO methylation exhibits appreciated sensitivity for diagnosing EC.The precise measurement of plasma SHOX2,SEPTIN9,RNF180,and EPO methylation can improve EC diagnosis and therapy efficacy monitoring.

Privacy-Preserving Multi-Keyword Fuzzy Adjacency Search Strategy for Encrypted Graph in Cloud Environment

In a cloud environment,outsourced graph data is widely used in companies,enterprises,medical institutions,and so on.Data owners and users can save costs and improve efficiency by storing large amounts of graph data on cloud servers.Servers on cloud platforms usually have some subjective or objective attacks,which make the outsourced graph data in an insecure state.The issue of privacy data protection has become an important obstacle to data sharing and usage.How to query outsourcing graph data safely and effectively has become the focus of research.Adjacency query is a basic and frequently used operation in graph,and it will effectively promote the query range and query ability if multi-keyword fuzzy search can be supported at the same time.This work proposes to protect the privacy information of outsourcing graph data by encryption,mainly studies the problem of multi-keyword fuzzy adjacency query,and puts forward a solution.In our scheme,we use the Bloom filter and encryption mechanism to build a secure index and query token,and adjacency queries are implemented through indexes and query tokens on the cloud server.Our proposed scheme is proved by formal analysis,and the performance and effectiveness of the scheme are illustrated by experimental analysis.The research results of this work will provide solid theoretical and technical support for the further popularization and application of encrypted graph data processing technology.

Postoperative encapsulated hemoperitoneum in a patient with gastric stromal tumor treated by exposed endoscopic full-thickness resection: A case report

BACKGROUND Gastric stromal tumors,originating from mesenchymal tissues,are one of the most common tumors of the digestive tract.For stromal tumors originating from the muscularis propria,compared with conventional endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),endoscopic full-thickness resection(EFTR)can remove deep lesions and digestive tract wall tumors completely.However,this technique has major limitations such as perforation,postoperative bleeding,and post-polypectomy syndrome.Herein,we report a case of postoperative serous surface bleeding which formed an encapsulated hemoperitoneum in a patient with gastric stromal tumor that was treated with exposed EFTR.Feasible treatment options to address this complication are described.CASE SUMMARY A 47-year-old male patient had a hemispherical protrusion found during gastric endoscopic ultrasonography,located at the upper gastric curvature adjacent to the stomach fundus,with a smooth surface mucosa and poor mobility.The lesion was 19.3 mm×16.1 mm in size and originated from the fourth ultrasound layer.Computed tomography(CT)revealed no significant evidence of lymph node enlargement or distant metastasis.Using conventional ESD technology for mucosal pre-resection,exposed EFTR was performed to resect the intact tumor in order to achieve a definitive histopathological diagnosis.Based on its morphology and immunohistochemical expression of CD117 and DOG-1,the lesion was proven to be consistent with a gastric stromal tumor.Six days after exposed EFTR,CT showed a large amount of encapsulated fluid and gas accumulation around the stomach.In addition,gastroscopy suggested intracavitary bleeding and abdominal puncture drainage indicated serosal bleeding.Based on these findings,the patient was diagnosed with serosal bleeding resulting in encapsulated abdominal hemorrhage after exposed EFTR for a gastric stromal tumor.The patient received combined treatments,such as hemostasis under gastroscopy,gastrointestinal decompression,and abdominal drainage.All examinations were normal within six months of follow-up.CONCLUSION This patient developed serous surface bleeding in the gastric cavity following exposed EFTR.Serosal bleeding resulting in an encapsulated hemoperitoneum is rare in clinical practice.The combined treatment may replace certain surgical techniques.

Flexible Load Participation in Peaking Shaving and Valley Filling Based on Dynamic Price Incentives

Considering the widening of the peak-valley difference in the power grid and the difficulty of the existing fixed time-of-use electricity price mechanism in meeting the energy demand of heterogeneous users at various moments or motivating users,the design of a reasonable dynamic pricing mechanism to actively engage users in demand response becomes imperative for power grid companies.For this purpose,a power grid-flexible load bilevel model is constructed based on dynamic pricing,where the leader is the dispatching center and the lower-level flexible load acts as the follower.Initially,an upper-level day-ahead dispatching model for the power grid is established,considering the lowest power grid dispatching cost as the objective function and incorporating the power grid-side constraints.Then,the lower level comprehensively considers the load characteristics of industrial load,energy storage,and data centers,and then establishes a lower-level flexible load operation model with the lowest user power-consuming cost as the objective function.Finally,the proposed method is validated using the IEEE-118 system,and the findings indicate that the dynamic pricing mechanism for peaking shaving and valley filling can effectively guide users to respond actively,thereby reducing the peak-valley difference and decreasing users’purchasing costs.

“全链式”信息化健康管理模式对儿童支气管哮喘的干预价值

目的探讨“全链式”信息化健康管理模式对儿童支气管哮喘的干预价值。方法选取2021年3月至2022年10月河南省儿童医院郑州儿童医院收治的120例支气管哮喘患儿,按入院时间分为试验组(60例)和常规组(60例),常规组接受常规居家护理,试验组在常规组基础上接受“全链式”信息化健康管理模式居家护理。对比两组遵医行为、症状改善时间(咳嗽、发热、肺部啰音、憋喘)、哮喘发作次数及急诊次数、肺功能[用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气量(FEV 1)]水平、儿童少年生活质量量表(QLSCA)及家属护理满意度。结果试验组遵医率[93.33%(56/60)]较常规组[76.67%(46/60)]高(P<0.05);试验组咳嗽、发热、肺部啰音、憋喘改善时间均较常规组短(P<0.05);试验组哮喘发作次数及急诊次数均较常规组少(P<0.05);干预后,试验组FEV 1、FVC水平均较常规组高(P<0.05);干预后,两组QLSCA评分均较干预前高,试验组QLSCA评分较常规组高(P<0.05);试验组家属护理满意度[98.33%(59/60)]较常规组[85.00%(51/60)]高(P<0.05)。结论经“全链式”信息化健康管理模式的护理可以降低支气管哮喘患儿的就诊次数,缓解病情,增强肺部功能,提高生存质量,以及让患儿家长感到满意。

回归分析在工程结算审计中的应用

总价合同在结算时常存在较多的争议,文章对某工业项目结算时涉及的设备价格调整争议进行分析,在对投标报价原始数据进行统计、筛选及处理的基础上建立散点图,通过运用回归分析推断出用于调整价格的趋势线,并就适用价格调整的范围、结论进行评析,强调回归分析在结算审计中具有一定的应用价值。

秦岭北麓一次冷锋触发的短时强降水成因分析

2015年8月3日秦岭北麓突发短时强降水,强度之大近年少有,并引发山洪造成人员伤亡。应用高空观测资料、地面加密资料、NCEP再分析资料,并结合风廓线雷达和多普勒天气雷达资料分析发现,此次降水过程具备较好的对流潜势及湿度条件,由冷锋系统触发,冷锋系统结构特点包括:锋区前近地面水汽含量>18 g·kg^(-1),锋面上升运动处于下沉运动之上、自由对流高度以下,850 h Pa以下强冷平流造成该层浅薄逆温,锋前出现显著对流不稳定,均为对流性强降水发生创造有利条件。强冷平流带来水平锋生,对流不稳定产生垂直锋生,总体强锋生主要出现在对流层中下层,达到20×10^(-10)K·s^(-1)·m^(-1)。秦岭的阻挡作用使得冷锋过境转为偏西风,并与强降水正反馈形成超低空强西风带。偏西风与迎面山体配合对降水产生增幅作用,并为降水区带来水汽输送,但超低空西风较强容易破坏雷暴单体的垂直结构,又使得降水不能长时间维持。风廓线雷达能够探测到冷锋系统的精细化垂直风场结构,反映了冷锋的垂直结构信息,并较其他气象要素更能提前预判系统发展,具有较强的预报指示意义。

基于改进多尺度深度卷积网络的手势识别算法

基于传统的浅层学习网络由于过度依赖于人工选择手势特征,因此不能实时适应复杂多变的自然场景。在卷积神经网络架构的基础上,提出了一种改进的多尺度深度网络手势识别模型,该模型能够利用卷积层自动学习手势特征,进而除去人工提取特征的弊端。该方法引入自适应多尺度特性来实现同一卷积层不同尺寸卷积核生成不同尺度特征,并通过级联浅层和深层的特征来达到不同抽象程度的特征图融合。同时,为了增强模型的泛化能力,提出了基于正则化约束的损失函数。实验结果表明,所提网络模型的识别精度高于普通单尺度卷积神经网络结构的识别精度,弥补了提取特征不够精细、全面及稳定性欠佳等缺点,同时网络训练所需的时间并没有大幅度增加。

基于热刺激电流的老化油纸绝缘极化特性研究

变压器油纸绝缘在长期服役过程中,受温度、电场、与机械应力的作用会发生老化,改变其极化特性并影响其绝缘寿命。首先对0~1000h老化（140℃）的油纸绝缘试样进行热刺激电流测试（thermally stimulated current,TSC）,并利用全曲线法获得了各TSC峰的特征参数。其后结合TSC特征参数及微水与酸值测试结果,分析老化对油纸绝缘极化特性的影响。发现老化产物中的水、有机酸和杂质分子会导致油纸绝缘偶极子极化强度上升;纤维素的劣化会导致油纸绝缘界面极化效应增强;老化产物中的水和有机酸会引入大量载流子,降低电导势垒,增大油纸绝缘的电导。该文可深化对油纸绝缘极化特性和其相应机理的理解,并对电力变压器绝缘设计提供参考。

基于分组字典与变分模型的图像去噪算法

针对加性高斯噪声去除问题,在现有传统的K均值奇异值分解(K-SVD)字典学习算法的基础上,提出一种将字典学习与变分模型相融合的改进算法。首先,根据图像的几何和光度信息将图像进行聚类分组,再将图像组按照边缘和纹理类别进行分类,根据噪声水平和图像组类别训练一个自适应字典;其次,将通过所学字典得到的稀疏表示先验与图像本身的非局部相似先验进行融合来构建变分模型;最后,通过求解变分模型得到去噪后图像。实验结果表明,与同类去噪算法相比,当噪声比率较高时,所提算法可以解决前期算法准确性较差、纹理丢失较为严重、产生视觉伪影等问题,在视觉效果上要更为理想;同时该算法结构相似性指数有明显提高,峰值信噪比(PSNR)的值更是平均提高了10%以上。

2016年陕西地区首场伴随“高架雷暴”区域性暴雪过程机理分析

利用陕西地面气象站观测资料、FY-2G逐小时卫星相当黑体温度(Temperature of Black Body,TBB)资料、闪电定位检测资料、西安CINRAD/CB型多普勒雷达探测资料、美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)的1°×1°逐6 h再分析资料及常规气象观测资料,探讨了2016年11月22—23日陕西地区一次罕见的伴随"高架雷暴"暴雪天气过程成因机制。结果表明:500 h Pa高空槽、700 h Pa低空切变线和低空急流为陕西地区此次暴雪天气过程的影响系统,700 h Pa西南急流提供了充足的水汽条件,850 h Pa低空急流和地面倒槽的偏东气流为暴雪与高架雷暴提供深厚的冷垫。此次伴随暴雪出现的高架雷暴,是典型的"冷区雷暴",700 h Pa以下维持较强的逆温层,700 h Pa以上为湿中性层结,上升气流较强,易引发深厚湿对流;锋面次级环流圈有利于倾斜上升运动的发展;强垂直风切变,对流回波强度为30—50 d Bz,回波顶高为10—12 km,对流层顶高度超过-20～0℃的过冷水层高度,易导致雷电发生。雷电和冰雹出现在低空急流入口区左侧、TBB、水汽通量、θse密集区附近。