数字孪生丹江口工程水质安全“四预”平台研发及应用

丹江口水库水域面积广,深度大,污染来源分散且类型多,水库水质保护管理难度极大。为支撑水库水质超前预测预警,提高对突发污染事件的应对能力,基于新一代信息技术,在汇集海量监测数据的基础上,研发高效高精度水动力水质机理模型、水质在线动态推演技术、水质浓度场三维仿真技术,模拟库区水流三维运动及污染物扩散过程,研发具有水质监测分析、在线推演、预警分析、态势预演、预案管理功能的水质安全“四预”平台,并成功应用于2021—2022年旱涝急转条件下丹江口水库总磷变化趋势及污染风险分析等实际管理工作,为中线水源工程供水水质保障管理提供有力支撑。

G719X/L861Q/S768I突变非小细胞肺癌诊断及靶向治疗进展

肺癌在全球癌症死亡原因中占比最高,对人类健康造成了极大威胁。30%-40%的非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的发生是由于表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)发生点突变、外显子插入、外显子缺失导致。除常见的19号外显子缺失突变和21号外显子L858R突变外,18号外显子G719X突变、21号外显子L861Q突变、20号外显子S768I突变是最主要的罕见突变。目前,针对主要罕见突变的诊断方法主要是下一代测序技术(next-generation sequencing,NGS)、数字聚合酶链式反应(digital polymerase chain reaction,dPCR)、微滴式数字PCR(droplet digital PCR,ddPCR)等。关于G719X/L861Q/S768I突变NSCLC的靶向治疗,第一代EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitors,TKIs)疗效较差,第二代和第三代EGFR-TKIs疗效相当,新型第三代EGFR-TKIs和联合治疗展现出不错的治疗前景。本文对G719X/L861Q/S768I突变NSCLC诊断及靶向治疗进展进行了归纳,以期为后续临床用药及研究提供参考。

数字孪生丹江口水质模型关键技术与应用

数字孪生技术作为近年来的创新技术,通过构建精确的虚拟模型实现了对实际物理世界的高度映射,为解决传统水质安全管理中的难题提供了全新的视角和方法。水质模型是实现数字孪生湖库水质安全精准映射和虚实互动的核心。围绕南水北调中线工程的水源地——丹江口水库的水质安全管理需求,针对传统模型存在的模拟失真、误差累积、计算速度慢及无法满足突发污染事件实际决策要求等各种技术难题,提出了一种新型三维水动力水质模型,并利用实地流场观测和水质监测数据进行了模型校验。结果表明:该模型主要改进了组合σ/z网格、总磷本构方程、突发污染投药处置模拟、OpenMP并行计算、水动力预计算和双时间步长模式、污染团扩散轨迹示踪等关键技术,显著提升了模型的计算效率和模拟精度;通过在2023年汉江秋汛期间对丹江口水库水质安全管理的实际应用,证明了该模型能有效支持水质安全“四预”功能(预报、预警、预演、预案),模拟结果为汉江秋汛防御及汛后蓄水水质安全保障提供了重要技术支撑。

Multimorbidity and mortality among older patients with coronary heart disease in Shenzhen,China

BACKGROUND The current understanding of the magnitude and consequences of multimorbidity in Chinese older adults with coronary heart disease(CHD)is insufficient.We aimed to assess the association and population-attributable fractions(PAFs)between multimorbidity and mortality among hospitalized older patients who were diagnosed with CHD in Shenzhen,China.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of older Chinese patients(aged≥65 years)who were diagnosed with CHD.Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the associations between multimorbidity and all-cause and cardiovascular disease(CVD)mortality.We also calculated the PAFs.RESULTS The study comprised 76,455 older hospitalized patients who were diagnosed with CHD between January 1,2016,and August 31,2022.Among them,70,217(91.9%)had multimorbidity,defined as the presence of at least one of the predefined 14 chronic conditions.Those with cancer,hemorrhagic stroke and chronic liver disease had the worst overall death risk,with adjusted HRs(95%CIs)of 4.05(3.77,4.38),2.22(1.94,2.53),and 1.85(1.63,2.11),respectively.For CVD mortality,the highest risk was observed for hemorrhagic stroke,ischemic stroke,and chronic kidney disease;the corresponding adjusted HRs(95%CIs)were 3.24(2.77,3.79),1.91(1.79,2.04),and 1.81(1.64,1.99),respectively.All-cause mortality was mostly attributable to cancer,heart failure and ischemic stroke,with PAFs of 11.8,10.2,and 9.1,respectively.As for CVD mortality,the leading PAFs were heart failure,ischemic stroke and diabetes;the corresponding PAFs were 18.0,15.7,and 6.1,respectively.CONCLUSIONS Multimorbidity was common and had a significant impact on mortality among older patients with CHD in Shenzhen,China.Cancer,heart failure,ischemic stroke and diabetes are the primary contributors to PAFs.Therefore,prioritizing improved treatment and management of these comorbidities is essential for the survival prognosis of CHD patients from a holistic public health perspective.

基于布谷鸟优化算法的灌区渠系输配水水量优化调控模型研究

渠系输配水渗漏损失和闸门调节的水力损失是灌区多级输供水系统水利用效率低下的主要原因,对灌渠输配水过程进行优化调控是实现农业高效节水的重要途径。以湖北省漳河灌区三干渠为研究对象,建立了多级渠系多因素综合影响下的灌渠优化配水模型,运用元启发式优化算法布谷鸟搜索算法进行模型求解。与实测配水过程相比,优化配水模型和常规配水模型的灌溉历时分别为13.2、13.5 d,减少45.00%、43.75%的配水时间,且配水流量过程均匀稳定,能有效减少闸门调节次数。采用布谷鸟算法(CS)、粒子群算法(PSO)和差分进化算法(DE)求解的优化配水模型和常规配水模型输水渗漏损失分别减少了27.22%、26.72%、27.06%和24.96%、23.90%、24.55%。布谷鸟算法能快速、高效、稳定地求解多维渠系输配水问题,为灌区渠系输配水水量优化调控模型构建和求解提供科学参考。

Bioinspired directional structures for inhibiting wetting on super-melt-philic surfaces above 1200°C

Over the past two decades,superhydrophobic surfaces that are easily created have aroused considerable attention for their superior performances in various applications at room temperature.Nowadays,there is a growing demand in special fields for the development of surfaces that can resist wetting by high-temperature molten droplets(>1200°C)using facile design and fabrication strategies.Herein,bioinspired directional structures(BDSs)were prepared on Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2(YSZ)surfaces using femtosecond laser ablation.Benefiting from the anisotropic energy barriers,the BDSs featured with no additional modifiers showed a remarkable increase from 9.2°to 60°in the contact angle of CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2(CMAS)melt and a 70.1%reduction in the spreading area of CMAS at 1250°C,compared with polished super-CMAS-melt-philic YSZ surfaces.Moreover,the BDSs demonstrated exceptional wetting inhibition even at 1400°C,with an increase from 3.3°to 31.3°in contact angle and a 67.9%decrease in spreading area.This work provides valuable insight and a facile preparation strategy for effectively inhibiting the wetting of molten droplets on super-melt-philic surfaces at extremely high temperatures.

Understanding livelihood vulnerability:a perspective from Western Sichuan’s ethnic rural settings

To explore the livelihood status and key influencing factors of rural households in the minority areas,we collected flat data from 284 rural households in 32 villages across 12 counties of Western Sichuan from 2021 to 2022.We conducted participatory household survey on the livelihood status of the rural households and try to identify the key factors to influence their livelihood vulnerability using multiple linear regression.The results showed that:the livelihood situation of the rural households is relatively vulnerable.The vulnerability varies significantly with the income levels,education levels,and income sources.The vulnerability of farm households,categorized from low to high livelihood types,follows the sequence:non-agricultural dominant households,non-agricultural households,agricultural dominant households,and pure agricultural households.The degree of damage to the natural environment,education costs,loan opportunities,the proportion of agricultural income to annual household income,and the presence of sick people in the household have significant positive effects on the livelihood vulnerability index(LVI)of rural households;while help from relatives and friends,net income per capita,household size,household education,agricultural land area,participation in industrial organizations,number of livestock,purchase of commercial houses,drinking water source,and self-supply of food have significant negative effects.Based on the findings,we believe that local rural households operate in a complex livelihood system and recommend continuous interventions targeting key influences to provide empirical research support for areas facing similar situations.

面向数字孪生场景的三维水质推演仿真方法

针对现有可视化方法难以直观动态呈现三维水质的推演过程的普遍性问题,研究了三维水质模型计算结果与数字孪生场景的集成模式,提出了面向数字孪生场景的三维水质推演仿真方法,实现了三维水质推演过程的直观、准确、流畅、动态呈现。以南水北调中线工程丹江口水库2021年秋汛总磷浓度分布推演为例,采用三维水质模型开展复演分析,将分析结果在数字孪生场景中集成,模拟有机污染物的转移和扩散过程。应用结果表明该方法相较于传统二维平面展示方法具有效果更加直观、信息承载更加丰富的优势,可以在数字孪生场景中动态呈现分层水质指标的推演过程。

Train-induced aerodynamic characteristics of vertical sound barriers influenced by several factors

Investigations into the aerodynamic properties of vertical sound barriers exposed to high-speed operations employ computational fluid dynamics.The primary focus of this research is to evaluate the influence of train speed and the distance(D)from the track centerline under various operating conditions.The findings elucidate a marked elevation in the aerodynamic effect amplitude on sound barriers as train speeds increase.In single-train passages,the aerodynamic effect amplitude manifests a direct relationship with the square of the train speed.When two trains pass each other,the aerodynamic amplitude intensifies due to an additional aerodynamic increment on the sound barrier.This increment exhibits an approximate quadratic correlation with the retrograde train speed.Notably,the impact of high-speed trains on sound barrier aerodynamics surpasses that of low-speed trains,and this discrepancy amplifies with larger speed differentials between trains.Moreover,the train-induced aerodynamic effect diminishes significantly with greater distance(D),with occurrences of pressure coefficient(CP)exceeding the standard thresholds during dual-train passages.This study culminates in the formulation of universal equations for quantifying the influence of train speed and distance(D)on sound barrier aerodynamic characteristics across various operational scenarios.

An exo Probe-based Reverse Transcription and Recombinase Polymerase Amplification for Rapid Detection of Feline Calicivirus in Cats

Feline calicivirus(FCV)was a highly prevalent RNA virus causing upper respiratory tract infections in cats through the mouth and nose around the world,result in the death of cats especially under 1 year old with upper respiratory tract disease(URTD)and virulent systemic disease(FCV-VSD)[1].Infected cats usually presented with mouth ulcers,salivation and gingivitis-stomatitis.Furthermore,both recovered cats and asymptomatic carriers can still carry and spread the FCV virus for extended periods of time,contributing to the potential for outbreak.This presented a significant threat to the health and lives of cats,and rare wildlife and took a heavy financial loss on the pet industry,making the prevention and control of the virus difficult.Hence,rapid identification of FCV in clinical samples was necessary to prevent the spread of FCV and avoid financial loss.

数字孪生丹江口水质安全建设挑战与举措

丹江口水库是南水北调中线工程水源地,担负着“一泓清水永续北送”的重任。结合丹江口水库特点和现状,剖析数字孪生丹江口水质安全建设面临的短板、机遇与挑战,提出了水质安全建设总体框架,阐述了数据底板建设、模型与知识库扩展、业务应用支撑等主体建设内容与核心技术,总结了水质安全建设特色与亮点。研究可为高质量开展南水北调中线水源工程数字孪生建设提供支撑,为其他水源水库水质安全数字孪生建设提供经验借鉴。

人工智能视频识别在水利数字孪生中的典型应用

视频监控与人工智能技术越来越广泛应用在水利智慧化建设方面,数字孪生建设是构建智慧水利的关键和核心。针对水利数字孪生建设实际需求,利用视频监控、图像处理、人工智能等技术手段,研发视频智能识别模型系统,通过智能模拟,实现与物理要素仿真运行、虚实交互。主要针对视频智能识别在水利数字孪生中主要应用场景进行系统化设计,实现如水尺识别、漂浮物识别、地表水体检测等应用。从实际运行情况来看,视频智能识别系统能够实现对物理对象进行不间断监控、分析、识别及预测预警,在水利智慧化建设方面具有较大的应用价值。

水库水温研究进展及趋势

水库水温时空分布的变化对库区及下游河道环境及水生生态系统等产生重大影响,水库水温研究对库区及下游河道生态环境保护具有重要意义。回顾了国内外水库水温研究历程,介绍了主要的水库水温结构判别方法和水库水温研究方法,重点论述了水库水温机理性模型与智能算法模型的最新动态及前沿进展,总结归纳了水库水温分层特性、生态环境影响及其改善措施的最新研究成果,提出了未来重点研究方向:梯级水库影响下流域河-库系统水热传递规律、基于非静压的水库水流水温耦合计算、面向下游水温改善的水库分层取水生态调度。

HER2阳性非小细胞肺癌诊断及治疗进展

肺癌是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤,也是癌症死亡的主要原因。人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2)阳性非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)是指因HER2基因发生突变、扩增、过表达,导致其功能失调,从而发生的NSCLC。HER2是HER家族中活性最高的受体,可以与其他成员结合形成二聚体,激活多种信号通路,从而调节细胞增殖、分化、迁移和凋亡。在NSCLC中,HER2阳性通常被认为是预后不良的标志。目前HER2阳性NSCLC的诊疗尚未成熟。通常使用免疫组化(immunohistochemistry,IHC)、下一代测序(next generation sequencing,NGS)等方法来检测HER2突变、扩增、过表达这些阳性状态。在先前的研究中,抗肿瘤药物在HER2阳性NSCLC中并未显示出理想的疗效。但近些年来,相关研究表明靶向治疗中的抗体药物偶联物(antibody-drug conjugates,ADCs)和新型酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitors,TKIs)对HER2阳性NSCLC显示出较好的抗肿瘤活性。本文归纳了HER2阳性NSCLC的诊断和治疗进展,为后续研究提供参考。

Achieving stable K-storage performance of carbon sphere-confined Sb via electrolyte regulation

Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)have been considered as one of the most promising alternatives to lithiumion batteries(LIBs)in view of their competitive energy density with significantly reduced product cost.Moreover,alloy-type materials are expected as a high-performance anode of PIBs thanks to their intrinsic chemical stability as well as high theoretical specific capacity.Unfortunately,the serious incompatibility between alloy-type active materials and electrolytes,especially for the formation of unstable solidelectrolyte interfacial(SEI)films,often leads to insufficient cycle life.Herein,the formation mechanism of SEI films in the K-storage systems based on carbon sphere confined Sb anode(Sb@CS)were investigated in commercially available electrolytes.Physical characterizations and theoretical calculation revealed that the solvents in the dilute electrolyte of 0.8 M KPF_(6)/EC+DEC were excessively decomposed on the interface to generate unstable SEI and thus result in inferior K-storage stability.On the contrary,a salt-concentrated electrolyte(3 M KFSI/DME)can generate inorganic-dominated stable SEI due to the preferential decomposition of anions.As a result,the prepared Sb@CS in the matched 3 M KFSI/DME electrolyte delivered a high reversible capacity of 467.8 m A h g^(-1)after 100 cycles at 100 m A g^(-1),with a slow capacity decay of 0.19%per cycle from the 10th to the 100th cycle.These findings are of great significance for revealing the interfacial reaction between electrodes and electrolytes as well as improving the stability of Sb-based anode materials for PIBs.

GPU-acceleration 3D rotated-staggered-grid solutions to microseismic anisotropic wave equation with moment tensor implementation

To improve the accuracy of microseismic inversion,seismic anisotropy and moment tensor source should be carefully considered in the forward modelling stage.In this study,3D microseismic anisotropy wave forward modelling with a moment tensor source was proposed.The modelling was carried out based on a rotated-staggered-grid(RSG)scheme.In contrast to staggered-grids,the RSG scheme defines the velocity components and densities at the same grid,as do the stress components and elastic parameters.Therefore,the elastic moduli do not need to be interpolated.In addition,the detailed formulation and implementation of moment-tensor source loaded on the RSG was presented by equating the source to the stress increments.Meanwhile,the RSG-based 3D wave equation forward modelling was performed in parallel using compute unified device architecture(CUDA)programming on a graphics processing unit(GPU)to improve its efficiency.Numerical simulations including homogeneous and anisotropic models were carried out using the method proposed in this paper,and compared with other methods to prove the reliability of this method.Furthermore,the high efficiency of the proposed approach was evaluated.The results show that the computational efficiency of proposed method can be improved by about two orders of magnitude compared with traditional central processing unit(CPU)computing methods.It could not only help the analysis of microseismic full wavefield records,but also provide support for passive source inversion,including location and focal mechanism inversion,and velocities inversion.

Deep-ultraviolet photonics for the disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants(Delta and Omicron)in the cryogenic environment

Deep-ultraviolet(DUV)disinfection technology provides an expeditious and efficient way to suppress the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,the influences of viral variants(Delta and Omicron)and low temperatures on the DUV virucidal efficacy are still unknown.Here,we developed a reliable and uniform planar light source comprised of 275-nm light-emitting diodes(LEDs)to investigate the effects of these two unknown factors and delineated the principle behind different disinfection performances.We found the lethal effect of DUV at the same radiation dose was reduced by the cryogenic environment,and a negative-U large-relaxation model was used to explain the difference in view of the photoelectronic nature.The chances were higher in the cryogenic environment for the capture of excited electrons within active genetic molecules back to the initial photo-ionised positions.Additionally,the variant of Omicron required a significantly higher DUV dose to achieve the same virucidal efficacy,and this was thanks to the genetic and proteinic characteristics of the Omicron.The findings in this study are important for human society using DUV disinfection in cold conditions(e.g.,the food cold chain logistics and the open air in winter),and the relevant DUV disinfection suggestion against COVID-19 is provided.

载人航天器数字化研制方法与应用

随着载人航天器系统规模和技术难度的不断增大,传统的以文档为基础的载人航天器研制模式已不能满足发展需求,在工业化与信息化融合发展的背景下,需要利用数字化方法对载人航天器研制模式进行技术革新。结合中国载人航天器研制现状,分析了载人航天器设计生产多学科耦合、迭代优化和全寿命周期管理的特点与难点,提出了一种基于现有研制模式的载人航天器设计、生产和管理数字化研制方法,并以某大型载人航天器为例进行应用。结果表明:采用多学科仿真和三维模型设计生产制造,可实现复杂耦合系统的联合仿真与迭代优化,电缆和管路等产品的设计生产、验收效率可提高40%以上。

基于改进视觉显著性算法的运动模糊图像复原

针对模糊尺度较小时运动模糊参数估计算法对点扩散函数求解不准确的问题,提出基于最小二乘直线拟合的精确角度估计算法,并对微分自相关长度估算方法进行改进,获取了高精度的运动模糊参数。基于视觉显著性加权算法,设计一种无参考图像质量评估系统来确定图像模糊程度以及复原图像的最优解。实验结果表明,所提方法能更准确地求解运动模糊参数,使用求解结果恢复的清晰图像在主观和客观方面优于现有方法,具有较高的工程应用价值。

Cooperative Content Caching and Delivery in Vehicular Networks: A Deep Neural Network Approach

The growing demand for low delay vehicular content has put tremendous strain on the backbone network.As a promising alternative,cooperative content caching among different cache nodes can reduce content access delay.However,heterogeneous cache nodes have different communication modes and limited caching capacities.In addition,the high mobility of vehicles renders the more complicated caching environment.Therefore,performing efficient cooperative caching becomes a key issue.In this paper,we propose a cross-tier cooperative caching architecture for all contents,which allows the distributed cache nodes to cooperate.Then,we devise the communication link and content caching model to facilitate timely content delivery.Aiming at minimizing transmission delay and cache cost,an optimization problem is formulated.Furthermore,we use a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning(MADRL)approach to model the decision-making process for caching among heterogeneous cache nodes,where each agent interacts with the environment collectively,receives observations yet a common reward,and learns its own optimal policy.Extensive simulations validate that the MADRL approach can enhance hit ratio while reducing transmission delay and cache cost.