Circular RNAs and human glioma

As a newly discovered type of RNA, circular RNAs(circRNAs) are widespread throughout the eukaryotic genome. The expression of circRNAs is regulated by both cis-elements and trans-factors, and the expression pattern of circRNAs is cell type-and diseasespecific. Similar to other types of non-coding RNAs, functions of circRNAs are also versatile. CircRNAs have been reported previously to function as microRNA(miRNA) sponges, protein sponges, coding RNAs or scaffolds for protein complexes.Recently, several circRNAs have been reported to play important roles in human malignancies, including glioma. Here, we reviewed several reports related to circRNAs and glioma, as well as the potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of circRNAs in brain cancer. In general, some circRNAs, such as circSMARCA5 and circCFH, are found to be expressed in a gliomaspecific pattern, these circRNAs may be used as tumor biomarkers. In addition, some circRNAs have been found to play oncogenic roles in glioma(e.g., circNFIX and circNT5E), whereas others have been reported to function as tumor suppressors(e.g.,circFBXW7 and circSHPRH). Furthermore, circRNA is a good tool for protein expression because of its higher stability compared to linear RNAs. Thus, circRNAs may also be an ideal choice for gene/protein delivery in future brain cancer therapies. There are some challenges in circRNA research in glioma and other diseases. Research related to circRNAs in glioma is comparatively new and many mysteries remain to be solved.

Erratum to Circular RNAs and human glioma

In the published article1,we omitted the Acknowledgements section on page 21,and it should be as below.We apologize for the errors and for any confusion it may have caused.

土凝岩改良铁尾矿强度特性试验研究

为研究土凝岩改良铁尾矿应用于道路工程中的强度特性,本文以张家口地区铁尾矿为研究对象,通过土凝岩固结稳定铁尾矿砂,研究干湿循环、冻融循环两种条件下土凝岩稳定铁尾矿的强度衰减特性,并探究干湿循环、冻融循环作用下土凝岩掺入量、压实度、循环次数对其强度的影响。试验结果表明:在干湿循环、冻融循环两种条件下,土凝岩改良铁尾矿的无侧限抗压强度随着循环次数的增加而衰减,随着土凝岩掺量的增加而增长,随着压实度的增加而增长。经过5次干湿循环后强度衰减幅度降低,7次干湿循环后强度衰减衰减了16%左右,基本趋于稳定;经历6次冻融循环后强度衰减幅度降低,强度衰减了22%左右;两种条件下强度随土凝岩掺量呈线性增长趋势,强度最高增长了55%和50%;干湿循环条件下强度随压实度呈线性增长趋势,最高增长了56%左右,而冻融循环条件下强度随压实度增长先慢后快,最高增长了44%左右。

工业废渣回收利用的试验分析

以张家口地区典型的土凝岩,尾铁矿为研究对象,通过击实试验参量试验,龄期试验,水稳定性试验对工业废渣作为建筑材料进行了可行性分析。结果表明:在养护条件和养护龄期形同的情况下,试件的无侧限抗压强度随土凝岩掺入量的增加而逐渐提高,强度增长率变化不太明显;不论是否浸水,试件的无侧限抗压强度都会随着养护龄期的增长而增大,其中龄期7天到28天,强度增长率最大,然后逐渐趋于平缓,达到最大值。在6%~12%的土凝岩的掺量下,改良试验土料的抗压强度随着土凝岩掺量的增加而增大,增长趋势较平缓。总的来讲,土凝岩改良的尾铁矿的效果是十分明显的,基本可以满足建筑施工要求,这就为今后工业废渣回收利用,解决工业废渣环境污染问题提供了一个较好的基础。

造口旁疝的诊治浅析

造口旁疝是各类造口术后的常见并发症之一,其特点是发病率高,最多见于直肠癌Miles术后造口患者,一旦发生对患者生活质量影响较大,严重者可危及生命,其主要治疗方式为手术治疗,但术后复发率较高。近年来随着医疗科技和材料技术的不断进步以及治疗理念的不断革新,造口旁疝的诊治取得了较大的进步,但总体效果仍不令人满意。本文旨在对造口旁疝的诊治进展,结合国内外研究成果进行总结与论述。

Keyhole与Sugarbaker术治疗造口旁疝单中心十年疗效对比

目的探讨造口旁疝不同手术方式的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2012-2022年山东省立医院收治的102例采用Keyhole或Sugarbaker术式进行造口旁疝修补患者的临床资料,其中Keyhole术40例,Sugarbaker术62例,根据是否为腹腔镜辅助又分为开放组21例,腔镜组81例。观察不同手术组在手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量、术后胃肠功能恢复时间以及腹胀、疼痛、切口感染、肠漏、肠梗阻、肠坏死等并发症,并随访术后复发情况。结果手术时间:Keyhole组较Sugarbaker组长(P<0.05),开放组较腔镜组长(P<0.05);腹胀发生率:开放组显著高于腔镜组(P<0.05);其余指标虽有差异,但无统计学意义。结论无论采用Keyhole还是Sugarbaker术式、开放或腹腔镜手术进行造口旁疝修补,在严重并发症和复发率方面都是相似的,采用Sugarbaker术较Keyhole术手术时间更短,Keyhole组复发率高,但差异无统计学意义。开放手术用时更长,术后腹胀情况更重。

Targeting circular RNAs as a therapeutic approach: current strategies and challenges

Significant progress has been made in circular RNA(circRNA)research in recent years.Increasing evidence suggests that circRNAs play important roles in many cellular processes,and their dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases.CircRNAs are highly stable and usually expressed in a tissue-or cell type-specific manner.Therefore,they are currently being explored as potential therapeutic targets.Gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches are typically performed using circRNA expression plasmids and RNA interference-based strategies,respectively.These strategies have limitations that can be mitigated using nanoparticle and exosome delivery systems.Furthermore,recent developments show that the cre-lox system can be used to knockdown circRNAs in a cell-specific manner.While still in the early stages of development,the CRISPR/Cas13 system has shown promise in knocking down circRNAs with high specificity and efficiency.In this review,we describe circRNA properties and functions and highlight their significance in disease.We summarize strategies that can be used to overexpress or knockdown circRNAs as a therapeutic approach.Lastly,we discuss major challenges and propose future directions for the development of circRNA-based therapeutics.

Current approaches to reduce or eliminate mitochondrial DNA mutations

Mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） mutations have been impli- cated in a broad range of disorders which severely affect human health （Wallace, 1999）. Some drugs have been developed to slow down pathological changes of mitochon- drial disorders. However, there is no effective treatment for patients with mtDNA mutations, mtDNA is less protected and has fewer repair mechanisms than nuclear DNA （nDNA）. Such a reality results in a much higher mutation rate in mtDNA than that in nDNA. The mixture of mutated mtDNA versus wild-type mtDNA is known as hetero- plasmy. Mitochondrial threshold effect refers to the fact that mtDNA mutation must accumulate to high proportions （60%-90%） before respiratory activity is affected （Schon et al., 2012）. It is feasible to selectively reduce the levels of mu- tated mtDNA while sparing wild-type mtDNA to skew this ratio back to a healthier range. Here, we describe the link between mtDNA mutation and mitochondrial diseases, and we summarize several newly developed approaches with regard to the reduction or elimination of mtDNA mutation in mammals. These methods include nuclear gene modula- tion, molecular approaches targeting mutated mtDNA, mtDNA replacement, and induced pluripotent stem cell （iPSC） modeling. These various methods have their own advantages and limitations.

Short-form OPA1 is a molecular chaperone in mitochondrial intermembrane space

Mitochondria,double-membrane organelles,are known to participate in a variety of metabolic and signal transduction pathways.The intermembrane space(IMS)of mitochondria is proposed to subject to multiple damages emanating from the respiratory chain.The optic atrophy 1(OPA1),an important protein for mitochondrial fusion,is cleaved into soluble short-form(S-OPA1)under stresses.Here we report that S-OPA1 could function as a molecular chaperone in IMS.We purified the S-OPA1(amino acid sequence after OPA1 isoform 5 S1 site)protein and showed it protected substrate proteins from thermally and chemically induced aggregation and strengthened the thermotolerance of Escherichia coli(E.coli).We also showed that S-OPA1 conferred thermotolerance on IMS proteins,e.g.,neurolysin.The chaperone activity of S-OPA1 may be required for maintaining IMS homeostasis in mitochondria.

Tubes with coated and sintered porous surface for highly efficient heat exchangers

Surface modification is a direct and effective way to enhance the efficiency of heat exchangers. Surface modification by forming a microporous coated layer can greatly enhance the boiling heat transfer and thus achieve a high performance. In this paper, we systematically investigate the boiling behavior on a plain surface with/ without sintered microporous coatings of copper powder. The results demonstrated that the sintered surface has a better performance in nucleate boiling due to the increased nucleation sites. The superheat degree is lower and the bubble departure diameter is larger for the sintered surface than for the plain surface, so the heat can be carried away more efficiently on the sintered surface. In addition, the heat transfer capacity on the sintered surface depends on both the powder size and the coating thickness for a high flux tube. The optimum heat transfer capacity can be obtained when the thickness of the microporous coating layer is 3-5 times of the sintered powder diameter. As a result, the heat transfer coefficient tube can be up to 3 times higher for the tube with a sintered surface than that with a plain surface, showing a pronounced enhancement in heat transfer and a high potential in chemical engineering industry application.

Efficient Preference Clustering via Random Fourier Features

Approximations based on random Fourier features have recently emerged as an efficient and elegant method for designing large-scale machine learning tasks.Unlike approaches using the Nystr?m method,which randomly samples the training examples,we make use of random Fourier features,whose basis functions(i.e.,cosine and sine)are sampled from a distribution independent from the training sample set,to cluster preference data which appears extensively in recommender systems.Firstly,we propose a two-stage preference clustering framework.In this framework,we make use of random Fourier features to map the preference matrix into the feature matrix,soon afterwards,utilize the traditional k-means approach to cluster preference data in the transformed feature space.Compared with traditional preference clustering,our method solves the problem of insufficient memory and greatly improves the efficiency of the operation.Experiments on movie data sets containing 100000 ratings,show that the proposed method is more effective in clustering accuracy than the Nystr?m and k-means,while also achieving better performance than these clustering approaches.