Phytosterol esters can effectively decrease serum cholesterol concentration in the human body and prevent cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.It was found that phytosterol esters exhibited better solubility and bioavailab...Phytosterol esters can effectively decrease serum cholesterol concentration in the human body and prevent cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.It was found that phytosterol esters exhibited better solubility and bioavailability than free phytosterols.In recent years,phytosterol esters have attracted increasing attention.However,during food processing,phytosterol esters are susceptible to degradation at high temperatures,resulting in certain losses and formation of potentially harmful substances for humans.This paper reviews the relevant literatures and updates on the thermal oxidation stability of phytosterol esters in recent years from the following aspects:(i)Sources,physiological activities,and applications of phytosterol esters;(ii)Oxidation mechanism of phytosterol esters;(iii)Effects of phytosterols species,the volume of addition,food matrix,heating temperature and time,and antioxidants on the thermal loss and oxidation stability of phytosterol esters.The research progress on the safety of phytosterol esters is also discussed in detail.Additionally,the prospects for future research are highlighted.展开更多
Phosphatidylserine(PS)is the part of cell structure in the body and has many beneficial functions especially in brain-related aging diseases.Although daily foods can provide PS to human body,the amount is very limited...Phosphatidylserine(PS)is the part of cell structure in the body and has many beneficial functions especially in brain-related aging diseases.Although daily foods can provide PS to human body,the amount is very limited due to its poverty in most foods.To overcome the issue,numerous studies based on PS have been reported to develop PS-related supplements.In this review,PS was comprehensively and critically reviewed from the view of resources,functions,processing techniques,patents,and prospects.For resources,animal,plant,and microorganism origins were all covered with their differences in composition profiles.For functions,benefits regarding memory,cognitive enhancement,exercise performance,reducing Alzheimer’s disease,and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms were covered as well as the functional differences among animal-,plant-,and microorganism-based PS-related supplements.For processing techniques,traditional extracting methods from animal,plant,and microorganism tissues were comparatively discussed with enzymatic synthesis based on different reaction systems.Finally,patents of PS-related supplements were evaluated as well as their applications.This review could provide scientific and valuable support for PS industry.展开更多
The aim of this work was to investigate the possible synergistic interaction between monopalmitate(MP)and carnauba wax(CW)on the properties and crystallization behavior of oleogels.The soybean oleogels were prepared f...The aim of this work was to investigate the possible synergistic interaction between monopalmitate(MP)and carnauba wax(CW)on the properties and crystallization behavior of oleogels.The soybean oleogels were prepared from MP and CW,and were characterized by oil binding capacity(OBC),solid fat content(SFC)and isothermal crystallization.The results showed that the OBC of the prepared oleogels changed in a W-shape trend with the increase of CW content.The mass ratio of MP and CW greatly affected the SFC.At 40,50 and 60°C,the SFC of these oleogels showed a slight deep eutectic effect with the increase of CW content in the gelators.The mass ratio of MP to CW also apparently affected the peak temperature and enthalpy during the crystallization and melting process analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter.The hysteresis occurring in the study indicated that crystallization temperature was lower than melting temperature and crystallization enthalpy was higher than melting enthalpy.The isothermal crystallization of these oleogels was characterized by Avrami equation,the Avrami exponent(n)and the apparent crystallization constant(k)of these oleogels were affected by the mass ratio of MP to CW as well as the crystallization temperature.Great difference in the values of n and k between the MP(or CW)oleogel and these oleogels suggested that the crystal growth mechanism had changed.However,the factor k for the oleogel formed of MP and CW with a mass ratio of 2:8 was about 1,unaffected by the crystallization temperature.From these results,we could deduce that the synergistic interaction between MP and CW did happen and affect the properties and crystallization behavior of these oleogels.展开更多
Traditional Chinese painting possesses its own unique artistic style in the world' s art circle. Compared with the western painting, the freehand brushwork characteristics are very significant in traditional Chinese ...Traditional Chinese painting possesses its own unique artistic style in the world' s art circle. Compared with the western painting, the freehand brushwork characteristics are very significant in traditional Chinese painting. In traditional Chinese painting, top priority is given to the expression of the creator's subjective interests, but not to the external colors and similar appearances. The masters in the world of traditional Chinese painting have always attached high importance to expressing the spirits with forms or appearance since the ancient times. In traditional Chinese painting, "similarity in form or appearance" and "similarity in spirit" are always dialectically unified with consciousness and unconsciousness, so that the art form with the "freehand brushwork" aesthetic characteristics is produced and significantly features Chinese spirit and oriental style. Also, the realm of art to express spirit with appearance is always pursued in traditional Chinese painting, and this is totally different from the "express appearance with appearance" in the western paintings. Moreover, expression is always stressed in traditional Chinese painting so as to express the feeling world of human using the "freehand brnshwork" aesthetics as the creation method. The "freehand brushwork" aesthetic characteristics of traditional Chinese painting are branded with a profound Zhuangzi philosophy.展开更多
Irrigation has a significant impact on N_(x)O(N_(2)O and NO)emissions from cultivated land,yet the N_(2)O or NO emission among the irrigation lower limits under different irrigation modes has not been well compared.In...Irrigation has a significant impact on N_(x)O(N_(2)O and NO)emissions from cultivated land,yet the N_(2)O or NO emission among the irrigation lower limits under different irrigation modes has not been well compared.In an irrigated lettuce field,three DR(drip irrigation)lower limits were designed,including 75%(DR1),65%(DR2)and 55%(DR3)field capacity,and one FI(furrow irrigation)lower limit(65%field capacity).The N_(2)O and NO emission fluxes and soil nitrogen(N)forms were determined,and the linear correlation between these indicators was analyzed.Results showed that under the same irrigation regime,the N_(2)O and NO emissions from furrow irrigation treatment increased by 36.8%and 45.2%respectively compared to that from drip irrigation treatment.The cumulative N_(2)O and NO emissions under DR3 were 30.2%and 28.6%higher than under DR1,respectively.Moreover,DR1 was also the lowest among the four treatments in soil-N concentration.The N_(2)O and NO emission fluxes were more correlated to soil NH_(4)^(+)-N(r=0.88 and 0.76)or NO_(2)^(-)-N(r=0.90 and 0.80)concentration than soil-N and soluble organic N,indicating that N_(2)O and NO were mainly produced by the soil nitrification process.When the irrigation regime was the same,N_(2)O and NO emissions were lower with drip irrigation than with furrow irrigation.Besides,drip irrigation with small quota but high frequency reduced N_(2)O and NO emission compared to that with large quota but low frequency.展开更多
Small ubiquitin-like modifiers(SUMOs)are protein modifiers that can form polymeric chains.They are important signals in cellular processes,and their study and profiling require the development of molecular tools.Herei...Small ubiquitin-like modifiers(SUMOs)are protein modifiers that can form polymeric chains.They are important signals in cellular processes,and their study and profiling require the development of molecular tools.Herein,the authors have reported an efficient chemical protein synthesis approach for the generation of dimeric SUMO-2-based photoaffinity probes through the ligation of four readily synthesizable peptides.Proteomic studies using this diSUMO-2 probe on HeLa cell nuclear lysate found it to capture a significantly different selection of proteins compared with its monoSUMO counterparts.This resulted in the identification of several previously unknown SUMO chain-specific interacting proteins such as 40S ribosomal protein S3,which showed a significantly higher affinity for polySUMO chains than monomeric SUMO.Collectively,these results emphasize the need to develop SUMO chain-based probes in other species,and to shed light on the important role of polySUMOylation in diseases.展开更多
基金The authors sincerely acknowledge the financial support from the basic research project of the key scientific research projects of colleges and universities in Henan Province(21zx010).
文摘Phytosterol esters can effectively decrease serum cholesterol concentration in the human body and prevent cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.It was found that phytosterol esters exhibited better solubility and bioavailability than free phytosterols.In recent years,phytosterol esters have attracted increasing attention.However,during food processing,phytosterol esters are susceptible to degradation at high temperatures,resulting in certain losses and formation of potentially harmful substances for humans.This paper reviews the relevant literatures and updates on the thermal oxidation stability of phytosterol esters in recent years from the following aspects:(i)Sources,physiological activities,and applications of phytosterol esters;(ii)Oxidation mechanism of phytosterol esters;(iii)Effects of phytosterols species,the volume of addition,food matrix,heating temperature and time,and antioxidants on the thermal loss and oxidation stability of phytosterol esters.The research progress on the safety of phytosterol esters is also discussed in detail.Additionally,the prospects for future research are highlighted.
基金financially supported by the Innovative Funds Plan of Henan University of Technology(2020ZKCJ10)Cultivation Programme for Young Backbone Teachers in Henan University of Technology.
文摘Phosphatidylserine(PS)is the part of cell structure in the body and has many beneficial functions especially in brain-related aging diseases.Although daily foods can provide PS to human body,the amount is very limited due to its poverty in most foods.To overcome the issue,numerous studies based on PS have been reported to develop PS-related supplements.In this review,PS was comprehensively and critically reviewed from the view of resources,functions,processing techniques,patents,and prospects.For resources,animal,plant,and microorganism origins were all covered with their differences in composition profiles.For functions,benefits regarding memory,cognitive enhancement,exercise performance,reducing Alzheimer’s disease,and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms were covered as well as the functional differences among animal-,plant-,and microorganism-based PS-related supplements.For processing techniques,traditional extracting methods from animal,plant,and microorganism tissues were comparatively discussed with enzymatic synthesis based on different reaction systems.Finally,patents of PS-related supplements were evaluated as well as their applications.This review could provide scientific and valuable support for PS industry.
基金surpported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772003,31801461)the Science Research Foundation of Henan University of Technology(2017RCJH07)。
文摘The aim of this work was to investigate the possible synergistic interaction between monopalmitate(MP)and carnauba wax(CW)on the properties and crystallization behavior of oleogels.The soybean oleogels were prepared from MP and CW,and were characterized by oil binding capacity(OBC),solid fat content(SFC)and isothermal crystallization.The results showed that the OBC of the prepared oleogels changed in a W-shape trend with the increase of CW content.The mass ratio of MP and CW greatly affected the SFC.At 40,50 and 60°C,the SFC of these oleogels showed a slight deep eutectic effect with the increase of CW content in the gelators.The mass ratio of MP to CW also apparently affected the peak temperature and enthalpy during the crystallization and melting process analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter.The hysteresis occurring in the study indicated that crystallization temperature was lower than melting temperature and crystallization enthalpy was higher than melting enthalpy.The isothermal crystallization of these oleogels was characterized by Avrami equation,the Avrami exponent(n)and the apparent crystallization constant(k)of these oleogels were affected by the mass ratio of MP to CW as well as the crystallization temperature.Great difference in the values of n and k between the MP(or CW)oleogel and these oleogels suggested that the crystal growth mechanism had changed.However,the factor k for the oleogel formed of MP and CW with a mass ratio of 2:8 was about 1,unaffected by the crystallization temperature.From these results,we could deduce that the synergistic interaction between MP and CW did happen and affect the properties and crystallization behavior of these oleogels.
文摘Traditional Chinese painting possesses its own unique artistic style in the world' s art circle. Compared with the western painting, the freehand brushwork characteristics are very significant in traditional Chinese painting. In traditional Chinese painting, top priority is given to the expression of the creator's subjective interests, but not to the external colors and similar appearances. The masters in the world of traditional Chinese painting have always attached high importance to expressing the spirits with forms or appearance since the ancient times. In traditional Chinese painting, "similarity in form or appearance" and "similarity in spirit" are always dialectically unified with consciousness and unconsciousness, so that the art form with the "freehand brushwork" aesthetic characteristics is produced and significantly features Chinese spirit and oriental style. Also, the realm of art to express spirit with appearance is always pursued in traditional Chinese painting, and this is totally different from the "express appearance with appearance" in the western paintings. Moreover, expression is always stressed in traditional Chinese painting so as to express the feeling world of human using the "freehand brnshwork" aesthetics as the creation method. The "freehand brushwork" aesthetic characteristics of traditional Chinese painting are branded with a profound Zhuangzi philosophy.
基金supported by the cross fusion project“Green Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy”(000-71202103D)Young and Middle-aged Project of Education Department of Fujian Province(JAT210784)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian province(2023J01133579).
文摘Irrigation has a significant impact on N_(x)O(N_(2)O and NO)emissions from cultivated land,yet the N_(2)O or NO emission among the irrigation lower limits under different irrigation modes has not been well compared.In an irrigated lettuce field,three DR(drip irrigation)lower limits were designed,including 75%(DR1),65%(DR2)and 55%(DR3)field capacity,and one FI(furrow irrigation)lower limit(65%field capacity).The N_(2)O and NO emission fluxes and soil nitrogen(N)forms were determined,and the linear correlation between these indicators was analyzed.Results showed that under the same irrigation regime,the N_(2)O and NO emissions from furrow irrigation treatment increased by 36.8%and 45.2%respectively compared to that from drip irrigation treatment.The cumulative N_(2)O and NO emissions under DR3 were 30.2%and 28.6%higher than under DR1,respectively.Moreover,DR1 was also the lowest among the four treatments in soil-N concentration.The N_(2)O and NO emission fluxes were more correlated to soil NH_(4)^(+)-N(r=0.88 and 0.76)or NO_(2)^(-)-N(r=0.90 and 0.80)concentration than soil-N and soluble organic N,indicating that N_(2)O and NO were mainly produced by the soil nitrification process.When the irrigation regime was the same,N_(2)O and NO emissions were lower with drip irrigation than with furrow irrigation.Besides,drip irrigation with small quota but high frequency reduced N_(2)O and NO emission compared to that with large quota but low frequency.
基金This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(nos.2017YFA0505200 and 2017YFA0505400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.91753205,21877024,21977089,81621002,and 21621003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(no.JZ2019HGPB0105).
文摘Small ubiquitin-like modifiers(SUMOs)are protein modifiers that can form polymeric chains.They are important signals in cellular processes,and their study and profiling require the development of molecular tools.Herein,the authors have reported an efficient chemical protein synthesis approach for the generation of dimeric SUMO-2-based photoaffinity probes through the ligation of four readily synthesizable peptides.Proteomic studies using this diSUMO-2 probe on HeLa cell nuclear lysate found it to capture a significantly different selection of proteins compared with its monoSUMO counterparts.This resulted in the identification of several previously unknown SUMO chain-specific interacting proteins such as 40S ribosomal protein S3,which showed a significantly higher affinity for polySUMO chains than monomeric SUMO.Collectively,these results emphasize the need to develop SUMO chain-based probes in other species,and to shed light on the important role of polySUMOylation in diseases.