This study concerns a Ka-band solid-state transmitter cloud radar, made in China, which can operate in three different work modes, with different pulse widths, and coherent and incoherent integration numbers, to meet ...This study concerns a Ka-band solid-state transmitter cloud radar, made in China, which can operate in three different work modes, with different pulse widths, and coherent and incoherent integration numbers, to meet the requirements for cloud remote sensing over the Tibetan Plateau. Specifically, the design of the three operational modes of the radar（i.e., boundary mode M1, cirrus mode M2, and precipitation mode M3） is introduced. Also, a cloud radar data merging algorithm for the three modes is proposed. Using one month＇s continuous measurements during summertime at Naqu on the Tibetan Plateau,we analyzed the consistency between the cloud radar measurements of the three modes. The number of occurrences of radar detections of hydrometeors and the percentage contributions of the different modes＇ data to the merged data were estimated.The performance of the merging algorithm was evaluated. The results indicated that the minimum detectable reflectivity for each mode was consistent with theoretical results. Merged data provided measurements with a minimum reflectivity of -35 dBZ at the height of 5 km, and obtained information above the height of 0.2 km. Measurements of radial velocity by the three operational modes agreed very well, and systematic errors in measurements of reflectivity were less than 2 dB. However,large discrepancies existed in the measurements of the linear depolarization ratio taken from the different operational modes.The percentage of radar detections of hydrometeors in mid- and high-level clouds increased by 60% through application of pulse compression techniques. In conclusion, the merged data are appropriate for cloud and precipitation studies over the Tibetan Plateau.展开更多
The durability of the resin-dentin bonding interface is a key issue in clinical esthetic dentistry.Inspired by the extraordinary bioadhesive properties of marine mussels in a wet environment,we designed and synthetize...The durability of the resin-dentin bonding interface is a key issue in clinical esthetic dentistry.Inspired by the extraordinary bioadhesive properties of marine mussels in a wet environment,we designed and synthetized N-2-(3,4-dihydroxylphenyl)acrylamide(DAA)according to the functional domain of mussel adhesive proteins.DAA’s properties of collagen cross-linking,collagenase inhibition,inducing collagen mineralization in vitro,and as a novel prime monomer for clinical dentin adhesion use,its optimal parameters,and effect on the adhesive longevity and the bonding interface’s integrity and mineralization,were evaluated in vitro and in vivo.The results showed that oxide DAA can inhibit the activity of collagenase and cross collagen fibers to improve the anti-enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen fibers and induce intrafibrillar and interfibrillar collagen mineralization.As a primer used in the etch-rinse tooth adhesive system,oxide DAA can improve the durability and integrity of the bonding interface by anti-degradation and mineralization of the exposed collagen matrix.Oxidized DAA(OX-DAA)is a promising primer for improving dentin durability;using 5%OX-DAA ethanol solution and treating the etched dentin surface for 30 s is the optimal choice when used as a primer in the etch-rinse tooth adhesive system.展开更多
基金This study was jointly funded by the National Key R&D Program of China[grant number 2022YFC3004103]the National Natural Foundation of China[grant number 42275003]+2 种基金the Beijing Science and Technology Program[grant number Z221100005222012]the Beijing Meteorological Service Science and Technology Program[grant number BMBKJ202302004]the China Meteorological Administration Youth Innovation Team[grant number CMA2023QN10].
基金funded by the National Sciences Foundation of China(Grant No.91337103)the China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund(Grant No.GYHY201406001)
文摘This study concerns a Ka-band solid-state transmitter cloud radar, made in China, which can operate in three different work modes, with different pulse widths, and coherent and incoherent integration numbers, to meet the requirements for cloud remote sensing over the Tibetan Plateau. Specifically, the design of the three operational modes of the radar（i.e., boundary mode M1, cirrus mode M2, and precipitation mode M3） is introduced. Also, a cloud radar data merging algorithm for the three modes is proposed. Using one month＇s continuous measurements during summertime at Naqu on the Tibetan Plateau,we analyzed the consistency between the cloud radar measurements of the three modes. The number of occurrences of radar detections of hydrometeors and the percentage contributions of the different modes＇ data to the merged data were estimated.The performance of the merging algorithm was evaluated. The results indicated that the minimum detectable reflectivity for each mode was consistent with theoretical results. Merged data provided measurements with a minimum reflectivity of -35 dBZ at the height of 5 km, and obtained information above the height of 0.2 km. Measurements of radial velocity by the three operational modes agreed very well, and systematic errors in measurements of reflectivity were less than 2 dB. However,large discrepancies existed in the measurements of the linear depolarization ratio taken from the different operational modes.The percentage of radar detections of hydrometeors in mid- and high-level clouds increased by 60% through application of pulse compression techniques. In conclusion, the merged data are appropriate for cloud and precipitation studies over the Tibetan Plateau.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China,China(No.81970983,No.82061160492,and No.82101070)The University Synergy Innovation Pro-gram of Anhui Province(GXXT-2021-062)+3 种基金2021 Disciplinary Construction Project in School of Dentistry,Anhui Medical University(2021kqxkFY14)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2008085QH374)Key Research and Develop-ment Plan of Anhui Province(No.2022e07020051)and Re-search Fund of Anhui Institute of Translational Medicine(No.2021zhyx-C51).
文摘The durability of the resin-dentin bonding interface is a key issue in clinical esthetic dentistry.Inspired by the extraordinary bioadhesive properties of marine mussels in a wet environment,we designed and synthetized N-2-(3,4-dihydroxylphenyl)acrylamide(DAA)according to the functional domain of mussel adhesive proteins.DAA’s properties of collagen cross-linking,collagenase inhibition,inducing collagen mineralization in vitro,and as a novel prime monomer for clinical dentin adhesion use,its optimal parameters,and effect on the adhesive longevity and the bonding interface’s integrity and mineralization,were evaluated in vitro and in vivo.The results showed that oxide DAA can inhibit the activity of collagenase and cross collagen fibers to improve the anti-enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen fibers and induce intrafibrillar and interfibrillar collagen mineralization.As a primer used in the etch-rinse tooth adhesive system,oxide DAA can improve the durability and integrity of the bonding interface by anti-degradation and mineralization of the exposed collagen matrix.Oxidized DAA(OX-DAA)is a promising primer for improving dentin durability;using 5%OX-DAA ethanol solution and treating the etched dentin surface for 30 s is the optimal choice when used as a primer in the etch-rinse tooth adhesive system.
