Nests are important structures for birds to raise their offspring and for signaling.Many birds incorporate feathers into the nest,since feathers were traditionally thought to serve the function of insulation.Hypothese...Nests are important structures for birds to raise their offspring and for signaling.Many birds incorporate feathers into the nest,since feathers were traditionally thought to serve the function of insulation.Hypotheses in recent years have considered that some birds place feathers in conspicuous locations in the nest for decoration to trigger a fear response in the competitors.In this study,we investigated whether decorative feathers could deter nest usurpation by Crested Mynas(Acridotheres cristatellus)by manipulating nest box contents.The results revealed that Crested Mynas preferred black feathers to white feathers as decorations and occupied nest boxes decorated with black feathers significantly less than those decorated with white feathers,suggesting that black decorative feathers in the nest could be more effective in preventing nest usurpation by Crested Mynas and that white decorative feathers may have other functions.The black feathers in the nest are prominently placed at the edge of the nest to convey the message that“this nest is occupied”or“the owner of this nest has been preyed upon”to visitor Crested Mynas,thus effectively preventing them from usurping the nest at a later stage.展开更多
Most studies exploring abilities of hosts to detect brood parasitism are based on detecting colour and/or pattern differences among parasitic and host eggs or nestlings,while only few were focused on size differences....Most studies exploring abilities of hosts to detect brood parasitism are based on detecting colour and/or pattern differences among parasitic and host eggs or nestlings,while only few were focused on size differences.True recognition and recognition by discordancy are used to explain cognitive mechanisms of host egg recognition;however,only a few studies have found that hosts use recognition by discordancy.This study investigated:1)whether egg and nestling recognitions in the Crested Myna(Acridotheres cristatellus) are based on size cues;2)whether the egg cognitive mechanism is recognition by discordancy based on size cues;and 3) whether the longer the experiment time,the higher the egg recognition rate.Our results showed that the Crested Myna uses egg or nestling size as a recognition cue while the egg and nestling colour and patterning are not associated with egg or nestling rejection,thus the cognitive mechanism of egg recognition in the Crested Myna is recognition by discordancy based on egg size cues.Furthermore,there is a rejection delay in time of egg rejection behaviour of the Crested Myna.Therefore,we suggest that the periodicity of egg rejection experiments could be appropriately extended,especially for species with relatively low egg recognition ability.展开更多
Yellowfin seabream Acanthopagrus latus is an important economic fish in Chinese coastal areas.Given its narrow distribution and overfishing,the genetic diversity of yellowfin seabream has been restricted for artificia...Yellowfin seabream Acanthopagrus latus is an important economic fish in Chinese coastal areas.Given its narrow distribution and overfishing,the genetic diversity of yellowfin seabream has been restricted for artificial breeding and reproduction.We performed full-length transcriptome sequencing and assembly of the genome of yellowfin seabream.A total of 68086 unigenes were obtained,with an N50 of 3391 bp on average length of 2933 bp.A total number of 50593 expressed sequence tags linked to simple sequence repeats(EST-SSR)were identified,among them dinucleotide repeats(40.6%)and AC/GT motifs(38.5%)were the most frequent.Of the 190 EST-SSRs for which PCR primer pairs were designed,150 primer pairs successfully amplified target loci and 15 SSRs showed high polymorphism.The alleles per locus ranged 6-50 on average of 25.3.The expected and observed heterozygosity varied from 0.632 to 0.969 and from 0.519 to 0.953,respectively.The polymorphic index content(PIC)values of each locus ranged 0.587-0.966 on average of 0.851.Among six yellowfin seabream population samples preliminarily tested for genetic diversity and differentiation,the Fangchenggang(FCG)population in Guangxi Province had the highest mean observed heterozygosity(H_(o))value(0.786),whereas the Zhangzhou(ZZ)population in Fujian Province had the lowest(0.678).The pairwise fixation index(Fst)values indicated significant population differentiation among six yellowfin seabream populations.This study provided evidence for the usefulness of the transcriptomic resource information and EST-SSR markers for natural resource conservation,population genetics,and breeding studies of yellowfin seabream in South China.展开更多
Uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) mutations account for 10% 20% of all EGFR mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC). The uncommon EGFR-mutated NSCLC is associated with poor clinical outcomes and g...Uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) mutations account for 10% 20% of all EGFR mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC). The uncommon EGFR-mutated NSCLC is associated with poor clinical outcomes and generally achieved unsatisfactory effects to the current therapies using standard EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs), including afatinib and osimertinib. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more novel EGFR-TKIs to treat uncommon EGFR-mutated NSCLC.Aumolertinib is a third-generation EGFR-TKI approved in China for treating advanced NSCLC with common EGFR mutations. However, it remains unclear whether aumolertinib is effective in uncommon EGFR-mutated NSCLC. In this work, the in vitro anticancer activity of aumolertinib was investigated in engineered Ba/F3 cells and patient-derived cells bearing diverse uncommon EGFR mutations. Aumolertinib was shown to be more potent in inhibiting the viability of various uncommon EGFR-mutated cell lines than those with wild-type EGFR. And in vivo, aumolertinib could also significantly inhibit tumor growth in two mouse allograft models(V769-D770insASV and L861Q mutations) and a patientderived xenografts model(H773-V774insNPH mutation). Importantly, aumolertinib exerts responses against tumors in advanced NSCLC patients with uncommon EGFR mutations. These results suggest that aumolertinib has the potential as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of uncommon EGFR-mutated NSCLC.展开更多
As an important way of converting mechanical energy into electric energy,a piezoelectric nanogenerator(PENG)has been widely applied in energy harvesting as well as self-powered sensors in recent years.However,its robu...As an important way of converting mechanical energy into electric energy,a piezoelectric nanogenerator(PENG)has been widely applied in energy harvesting as well as self-powered sensors in recent years.However,its robustness and durability are still severely challenged by frequent and inevitable mechanical impacts in real application environments.Herein,a fully selfhealing PENG(FS-PENG)as a self-powered pressure sensing electronic skin is reported.The self-healing piezoelectric composite and self-healing Ag NW electrode fabricated through mixing piezoelectric PZT particles and conductive Ag NWs into self-healing polydimethylsiloxane(H-PDMS)are assembled into the sandwich structure FS-PENG.The FS-PENG could not only effectively convert external stimulation into electrical signals with a linear response to the pressure but also retain the excellent self-healing and stable sensing property after multiple cycles of cutting and self-healing process.Moreover,a self-healing pressure sensor array composed of 9 FS-PENGs was attached on the back of the human hand to mimic the human skin,and accurate monitoring of the spatial position distribution and magnitude of the pressure was successfully realized.展开更多
In the past decades,the progress of wearable and portable electronics is quite rapid,but the power supply has been a great challenge for their practical applications.Wearable power sources,especially wearable energy-h...In the past decades,the progress of wearable and portable electronics is quite rapid,but the power supply has been a great challenge for their practical applications.Wearable power sources,especially wearable energy-harvesting devices,provide some possible solutions for this challenge.Among various wearable energy harvesters,the high-performance fabric-based triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)are particularly significant.In this review paper,we first introduce the fundamentals of TENGs and their four basic working modes.Then,we will discuss the material synthesis,device design,and fabrication of fabric-based TENGs.Finally,we try to give some problems that need to be solved for the further development of TENGs.展开更多
Compared with most flowers where the showy part comprises specialized leaves(petals)directly subtending the reproductive structures,most Zingiberaceae species produce showy“flowers”through modifications of leaves(br...Compared with most flowers where the showy part comprises specialized leaves(petals)directly subtending the reproductive structures,most Zingiberaceae species produce showy“flowers”through modifications of leaves(bracts)subtending the true flowers throughout an inflorescence.Curcuma alismatifolia,belonging to the Zingiberaceae family,a plant species originating from Southeast Asia,has become increasingly popular in the flower market worldwide because of its varied and esthetically pleasing bracts produced in different cultivars.Here,we present the chromosome-scale genome assembly of C.alismatifolia“Chiang Mai Pink”and explore the underlying mechanisms of bract pigmentation.Comparative genomic analysis revealed C.alismatifolia contains a residual signal of whole-genome duplication.Duplicated genes,including pigment-related genes,exhibit functional and structural differentiation resulting in diverse bract colors among C.alismatifolia cultivars.In addition,we identified the key genes that produce different colored bracts in C.alismatifolia,such as F3′5'H,DFR,ANS and several transcription factors for anthocyanin synthesis,as well as chlH and CAO in the chlorophyll synthesis pathway by conducting transcriptomic analysis,bulked segregant analysis using both DNA and RNA data,and population genomic analysis.This work provides data for understanding the mechanism of bract pigmentation and will accelerate breeding in developing novel cultivars with richly colored bracts in C.alismatifolia and related species.It is also important to understand the variation in the evolution of the Zingiberaceae family.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31970427 and 32270526 granted to W.L.).
文摘Nests are important structures for birds to raise their offspring and for signaling.Many birds incorporate feathers into the nest,since feathers were traditionally thought to serve the function of insulation.Hypotheses in recent years have considered that some birds place feathers in conspicuous locations in the nest for decoration to trigger a fear response in the competitors.In this study,we investigated whether decorative feathers could deter nest usurpation by Crested Mynas(Acridotheres cristatellus)by manipulating nest box contents.The results revealed that Crested Mynas preferred black feathers to white feathers as decorations and occupied nest boxes decorated with black feathers significantly less than those decorated with white feathers,suggesting that black decorative feathers in the nest could be more effective in preventing nest usurpation by Crested Mynas and that white decorative feathers may have other functions.The black feathers in the nest are prominently placed at the edge of the nest to convey the message that“this nest is occupied”or“the owner of this nest has been preyed upon”to visitor Crested Mynas,thus effectively preventing them from usurping the nest at a later stage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31970427 and 32270526 to WL)supported by the specific research fund of The Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province
文摘Most studies exploring abilities of hosts to detect brood parasitism are based on detecting colour and/or pattern differences among parasitic and host eggs or nestlings,while only few were focused on size differences.True recognition and recognition by discordancy are used to explain cognitive mechanisms of host egg recognition;however,only a few studies have found that hosts use recognition by discordancy.This study investigated:1)whether egg and nestling recognitions in the Crested Myna(Acridotheres cristatellus) are based on size cues;2)whether the egg cognitive mechanism is recognition by discordancy based on size cues;and 3) whether the longer the experiment time,the higher the egg recognition rate.Our results showed that the Crested Myna uses egg or nestling size as a recognition cue while the egg and nestling colour and patterning are not associated with egg or nestling rejection,thus the cognitive mechanism of egg recognition in the Crested Myna is recognition by discordancy based on egg size cues.Furthermore,there is a rejection delay in time of egg rejection behaviour of the Crested Myna.Therefore,we suggest that the periodicity of egg rejection experiments could be appropriately extended,especially for species with relatively low egg recognition ability.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2019YFD0901202)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (No. 2021B0202020002)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2021M693677)the Yellow Fin Bream Seed System Building Project (2021)
文摘Yellowfin seabream Acanthopagrus latus is an important economic fish in Chinese coastal areas.Given its narrow distribution and overfishing,the genetic diversity of yellowfin seabream has been restricted for artificial breeding and reproduction.We performed full-length transcriptome sequencing and assembly of the genome of yellowfin seabream.A total of 68086 unigenes were obtained,with an N50 of 3391 bp on average length of 2933 bp.A total number of 50593 expressed sequence tags linked to simple sequence repeats(EST-SSR)were identified,among them dinucleotide repeats(40.6%)and AC/GT motifs(38.5%)were the most frequent.Of the 190 EST-SSRs for which PCR primer pairs were designed,150 primer pairs successfully amplified target loci and 15 SSRs showed high polymorphism.The alleles per locus ranged 6-50 on average of 25.3.The expected and observed heterozygosity varied from 0.632 to 0.969 and from 0.519 to 0.953,respectively.The polymorphic index content(PIC)values of each locus ranged 0.587-0.966 on average of 0.851.Among six yellowfin seabream population samples preliminarily tested for genetic diversity and differentiation,the Fangchenggang(FCG)population in Guangxi Province had the highest mean observed heterozygosity(H_(o))value(0.786),whereas the Zhangzhou(ZZ)population in Fujian Province had the lowest(0.678).The pairwise fixation index(Fst)values indicated significant population differentiation among six yellowfin seabream populations.This study provided evidence for the usefulness of the transcriptomic resource information and EST-SSR markers for natural resource conservation,population genetics,and breeding studies of yellowfin seabream in South China.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82073402)the Key R&D Plan of Hubei Province (No. 2020BCA060)。
文摘Uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) mutations account for 10% 20% of all EGFR mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC). The uncommon EGFR-mutated NSCLC is associated with poor clinical outcomes and generally achieved unsatisfactory effects to the current therapies using standard EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs), including afatinib and osimertinib. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more novel EGFR-TKIs to treat uncommon EGFR-mutated NSCLC.Aumolertinib is a third-generation EGFR-TKI approved in China for treating advanced NSCLC with common EGFR mutations. However, it remains unclear whether aumolertinib is effective in uncommon EGFR-mutated NSCLC. In this work, the in vitro anticancer activity of aumolertinib was investigated in engineered Ba/F3 cells and patient-derived cells bearing diverse uncommon EGFR mutations. Aumolertinib was shown to be more potent in inhibiting the viability of various uncommon EGFR-mutated cell lines than those with wild-type EGFR. And in vivo, aumolertinib could also significantly inhibit tumor growth in two mouse allograft models(V769-D770insASV and L861Q mutations) and a patientderived xenografts model(H773-V774insNPH mutation). Importantly, aumolertinib exerts responses against tumors in advanced NSCLC patients with uncommon EGFR mutations. These results suggest that aumolertinib has the potential as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of uncommon EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
基金supported by the NSFC(No.81801847)Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2021JQ-200,2020JM-182,2019JQ-652).
文摘As an important way of converting mechanical energy into electric energy,a piezoelectric nanogenerator(PENG)has been widely applied in energy harvesting as well as self-powered sensors in recent years.However,its robustness and durability are still severely challenged by frequent and inevitable mechanical impacts in real application environments.Herein,a fully selfhealing PENG(FS-PENG)as a self-powered pressure sensing electronic skin is reported.The self-healing piezoelectric composite and self-healing Ag NW electrode fabricated through mixing piezoelectric PZT particles and conductive Ag NWs into self-healing polydimethylsiloxane(H-PDMS)are assembled into the sandwich structure FS-PENG.The FS-PENG could not only effectively convert external stimulation into electrical signals with a linear response to the pressure but also retain the excellent self-healing and stable sensing property after multiple cycles of cutting and self-healing process.Moreover,a self-healing pressure sensor array composed of 9 FS-PENGs was attached on the back of the human hand to mimic the human skin,and accurate monitoring of the spatial position distribution and magnitude of the pressure was successfully realized.
基金This work was supported by the NSFC(Nos.51472111 and 81801847)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.JB191407,JB181402,and lzujbky-2018-ot04)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2018JQ5153)the National Program for the Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals.
文摘In the past decades,the progress of wearable and portable electronics is quite rapid,but the power supply has been a great challenge for their practical applications.Wearable power sources,especially wearable energy-harvesting devices,provide some possible solutions for this challenge.Among various wearable energy harvesters,the high-performance fabric-based triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)are particularly significant.In this review paper,we first introduce the fundamentals of TENGs and their four basic working modes.Then,we will discuss the material synthesis,device design,and fabrication of fabric-based TENGs.Finally,we try to give some problems that need to be solved for the further development of TENGs.
基金supported by the opening project of Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology from Yunnan University and Shenzhen Zhongnonghuadu Ecological Technology Co.,Ltd.(R20012)to Z.W.,and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch project 02685 to W.L.We gratefully acknowledge Daniel B Sloan(Colorado State University)and the personnel of the Wu laboratory for help with providing suggestions and revising the manuscript.
文摘Compared with most flowers where the showy part comprises specialized leaves(petals)directly subtending the reproductive structures,most Zingiberaceae species produce showy“flowers”through modifications of leaves(bracts)subtending the true flowers throughout an inflorescence.Curcuma alismatifolia,belonging to the Zingiberaceae family,a plant species originating from Southeast Asia,has become increasingly popular in the flower market worldwide because of its varied and esthetically pleasing bracts produced in different cultivars.Here,we present the chromosome-scale genome assembly of C.alismatifolia“Chiang Mai Pink”and explore the underlying mechanisms of bract pigmentation.Comparative genomic analysis revealed C.alismatifolia contains a residual signal of whole-genome duplication.Duplicated genes,including pigment-related genes,exhibit functional and structural differentiation resulting in diverse bract colors among C.alismatifolia cultivars.In addition,we identified the key genes that produce different colored bracts in C.alismatifolia,such as F3′5'H,DFR,ANS and several transcription factors for anthocyanin synthesis,as well as chlH and CAO in the chlorophyll synthesis pathway by conducting transcriptomic analysis,bulked segregant analysis using both DNA and RNA data,and population genomic analysis.This work provides data for understanding the mechanism of bract pigmentation and will accelerate breeding in developing novel cultivars with richly colored bracts in C.alismatifolia and related species.It is also important to understand the variation in the evolution of the Zingiberaceae family.