Application Experience of Case-Introduction Teaching in the Pathological Regulation Teaching of the Lymphohematopoietic System

Pathology is the gold standard for clinical diagnosis and an important bridge between clinical work and basic disciplines.Therefore,training qualified clinical pathologists is very important for clinical work.It is challenging to diagnose lymphohematopoietic diseases in practice since they made up a large percentage of resident doctors’standardized training and there are numerous knowledge nodes associated with them.Therefore,this training base adopts the“case-introduction”teaching mode to help resident doctors master the knowledge nodes required by the outline in the study of lymphohematopoietic system pathology.

Expression and Clinical Significance of Hypoxia-related Factors HIF-1a,Gli-1 and MMP9 in Breast Cancer

Objective:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of hypoxia inducible factors HIF-1a,Gli-1 and MMP9 in breast cancer.Methods:Eighty patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast and 40 normal tissues adjacent to cancer were selected.Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of HIF-1a,Gli-1 and MMP9 in breast cancer and normal tissues adjacent to cancer,and their re1ationship with clinicopathological features of breast cancer and prognosis was explored.Results:The positive rates of HIF-1a,Gli-1 and MMP9 in breast cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in normal breast tissues.HIF-1a,Gli-1 and MMP9 expressions are positively corre1ated in breast cancer.Conclusion:HIF-1a,Gli-1 and MMP9 proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.

Application Experience of Quality Feedback in Standardized Practical Skills Training for Clinicopathology Residents

In recent years,there are increasingly more standardized trainings for doctors based on the standardized training outline that is suitable for different grades.Hierarchical training has gradually formed a relatively sound training mode.In reflecting students’learning effect,there is a need for an ideal quality feedback system in the standardized practical skills training for clinical pathology residents.This feedback system can help students achieve the training objectives through understanding and grasping the learning content.

Adenoid Basal Carcinoma of the Cervix with Squamous Differentiation:A Case Report and Literature Review

Adenoid basal carcinoma(ABC)of the cervix is a rare and low-incidence low-grade cervical cancer.In our practice,we encountered a case of cervical ABC with squamous differentiation and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL)with gland involvement in the peripheral cervix.Reviewing relevant literature and analyzing its clinical manifestations,pathological morphology,and immunohistochemical characteristics would help deepen the understanding of this malignant tumor,so as to make a comprehensive diagnosis with differential diagnosis and prevent misdiagnosis.

Clinical characteristics and impactof comorbidities on the prognosis of senileepilepsy in Southwest China:a retrospectivecohort study

Background Senile epilepsy and its comorbidities pose a tremendous burden on patients and the society.Thisstudy was aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and comorbidities of senile epilepsy,as well as the impactof comorbidities on the prognosis of senile epilepsy.Methods Information of patients with senile epilepsy was retrospectively collected from three tertiary hospitalsin Southwest China between December 2014 and December 2022.A total of 154 patients met the inclusion criteriaand were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of comorbidities.The prevalence,type,charac-teristics,and impacts of the comorbidities were investigated.The characteristics of patients with and without comor-bidities were also compared.Results Eighty-one percent of patients with senile epilepsy had at least one comorbidity,and 36%had three or morecomorbidities.Eighteen different types of comorbidities were identified.The most common comorbidities were neu-rological(61%),followed by cardiovascular(45%)and psychiatric(26%)comorbidities.More than one-third of patientshad bidirectional comorbidities,whereas more than half of the patients had additional causal comorbidities.Amongall types of comorbidities,neurological and psychiatric comorbidities were found to be associated with an increasedrisk of recurrent seizures.Compared to patients without bidirectional comorbidities,those with at least one bidirec-tional comorbidity had a lower rate of achieving seizure freedom.The higher the number of bidirectional comor-bidities,the lower the seizure-free rate.Survival analysis revealed that patients with neurological comorbidities hada higher risk of death.Conclusions This study revealed a high comorbidity rate and a low seizure-freedom rate among patients with senileepilepsy.In particular,neuropsychiatric comorbidities can increase the risk of seizures and affect the survival rateof patients with senile epilepsy.Therefore,preventing and managing these comorbidities may improve seizure out-comes and reduce mortality in this special population.

Research Progress of Prostate Stem Cell Antigen in Bladder Cancer Treatment

In order to study the application effect of prostate stem cell antigen in the treatment of bladder cancer,several literatures have been reviewed in this paper,including the predisposition factors of bladder cancer,clinical treatment methods,progress of prostate stem cell antigen,and nanomaterial probe.This paper presents a feasible method of using luminescent nanomaterials(anti-UCNPs)as biological probes.

Research Progress on Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Budding in Colorectal Cancer

Tumor buds are usually defined as isolated single cancer cells or clusters of up to four cancer cells located at the front of invasive tumors which play an important role in the clinical pathological study of colorectal cancer.The prognostic value of tumor budding in colorectal cancer has been supported by a large amount of evidence.However,its molecular mechanism remains unclear,and it is also a research hotspot now.This paper reviews the latest research progress on the molecular mechanisms of tumor budding in colorectal cancer.

Expression of MxA Protein in Triple Negative Breast Cancer and its Relationship with Prognosis

Objective:To explore the expression of human myxovirus resistance protein A(MxA)in triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)and its relationship with prognosis.Methods:144 cases of TNBC confirmed by pathology before or after surgery from January 2014 to January 2017 in the First Central Hospital of Baoding City were retrospectively collected.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of MxA protein in TNBC and adjacent breast tissues.According to the expression of MxA protein,144 TNBC patients were divided into low MxA protein expression group(n=91)and MxA protein high expression group(n=53)for subsequent comparison of prognosis of patients in between these two groups.Results:The expression of MxA protein in TNBC tissue was lower than that of adjacent breast tissue,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The patients in high MxA expression group had higher loco-regional recurrence-free rate,disease-free survival(DFS)rate,and overall survival(OS)rate than those in low MxA expression group for 3 years.On the other hand,the distant metastasis rate was lower in the high expression group compared to that in the low MxA expression group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:In triple-negative breast cancer,high MxA expression is a potential predictor of TNBC prognosis.

Macrophage CCL22 Secretion Under Hypoxic Conditions Promotes the Metastasis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Objective:To explore the mechanism by which macrophages secrete CCL22 to promote the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer under hypoxic conditions.Methods:20 ng/mL mass concentration of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA)cell culture medium,4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI),dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO),trypsin digestion solution,CCL18 Kit,Interleukin(IL)-10 Kit,CCL17 Kit,CCL22 Kit,TRIzol^(TM)Reagent Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction(RT-PCR)Kit,triple-negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and BT-549,as well as other reagents were used to culture triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)cells MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 as well as human mononuclear cells THP-1,analyze and observe the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer cells to the lungs,the secretion of CCL22,the migration of triple-negative breast cancer,and the situation of CCR4.Results:Compared with normal tumor-associated macrophage(TAM),hypoxic TAM further promoted the migration of tumor cells.The number of tumor metastases in the lungs,induced by hypoxic TAM,was significantly higher than that of normoxic TAM.Hypoxia can significantly stimulate the expression of CCL22.CCL22 can significantly promote the migration of MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cells.The expressions of CCR3,CCR4,and CCR5 in tumor tissues were significantly increased compared with normal tissues,in which CCR4 showed the most significant increase.Conclusion:TAM cultured under hypoxia significantly enhanced the migration ability of TNBC cells and promoted the metastasis of cancer cells to the lungs in vivo.The hypoxic condition induced TAM to secrete CCL22;the expression of CCL22 receptor,CCR4,in breast cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues.

Mechanism of Ginsenoside Rh1 in Regulating Breast Cancer Cell Extravasation Based on CCL20- CCR6

Objective:To explore the regulatory mechanism of ginsenoside Rh1 on breast cancer cell extravasation based on CCL20-CCR6.Methods:In 2021,a total of 34 patients with breast cancer were treated in Baoding First Central Hospital.During hospitalization,pathological examinations were performed,and all the patients were diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma.Out of the 34 cases,16 cases were found to have CCR6 expression in breast cancer tissues,in which they were recorded as the CCR6 expression group,whereas 18 cases did not have CCR6 expression;these cases were recorded as the CCR6 non-expression group.During the same period,21 normal patients were selected as the control group.The peripheral blood CCL20 level and the expression of CCR6 on the surface of CD3+T lymphocytes were analyzed.The extracts of cancer cells were collected,purified,and cultured,and the effect of ginsenoside Rh1 on the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells was analyzed.Results:The peripheral blood CCL20 level in the CCR6 expression group was significantly higher than that in the CCR6 non-expression group and the control group,in which p<0.05,indicating that the difference was statistically significant;at 12,24,and 48 hours,the cell survival rate of each dose group was significantly higher than that of the blank control group and the dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)group(p<0.05).At 48 hours,comparing the low-dose group with the high-dose group,the cell survival rate significantly decreased(p<0.05).Compared with the blank control group and DMSO group,the invasion ability of breast cancer cells could be reduced in both,high-and medium-dose groups,where p<0.05,indicating that the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion:CCL20 may play a role in the pathogenesis of certain breast cancers,and ginsenoside Rh1 can effectively regulate the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells.

Therapeutic Effect of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Rat Bladder Cancer

Objective:To analyze the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell therapy on rats with bladder cancer and provide a feasible direction for the treatment of human bladder cancer.Methods:An animal model was constructed,and Model 1 was used as an example.Two groups of rats were injected with anti-upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)(experimental group)and 0.9%normal saline(control group),respectively.In vivo imaging was performed to determine the accuracy of the anti-UCNPs method.Results:There were 15 rats in the experimental group with obvious bladder swelling.Among them,11 rats had cauliflower-like and partially brown bladder tumors,whereas the other four rats had hard,nodular-like protrusions,with indistinct borders and adhesions to the anterior wall of the rectum.Small papillary masses were observed in two rats,local mucosal thickening without tumor formation was observed in two rats,and bladder stones were observed in six rats.The bladder specimens of 15 rats in the control group were pink and shiny,without any tumors.Fourteen rats in the experimental group and 12 rats in the control group had bladder cancer lesions,accounting for 93.33%and 80%,respectively.The detection accuracy of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group.Conclusion:Multimodal nanoprobes targeting bladder cancer stem cells in vivo were used to image the orthotopic tumor and lymph node metastasis models of animals by anti-UCNPs imaging to observe the distribution,migration,and differentiation process of bladder cancer stem cells in model mice.It is clear that rare earth upconversion luminescent nanomaterials,modified by BCMab1 and CD44 monoclonal antibodies,can be used as probes for the detection of bladder cancer,the tracking of lymph node metastasis in bladder cancer,and the comprehensive evaluation of the overall efficacy of nanoprobe-targeted therapy for bladder cancer stem cells.

Synergistic effects of PtFe/CeO_(2)catalysts afford high catalytic performance in selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde

Selective hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes remains a grand challenge in controlling chemoselectivity up to now.We synthesized a series of PtFex/CeO_(2)catalysts,which were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)as well as temperature-programmed-reduction by hydrogen(H2-TPR).The catalytic performance of PtFex/CeO_(2),including cinnamaldehyde(CAL)conversion and selectivity toward cinnamyl alcohol(COL),is improved remarkably by introduction of Fe species in the Pt particles in the selective CAL hydrogenation under mild conditions.XPS results indicate that the electron transfer from Fe to Pt promotes CAL adsorption,resulting in the enhanced CAL conversion.And the COL selectivity is improved by CAL adsorption via an interaction of C=O group with surface oxygen defect sites because of interaction between PtFe and CeO_(2)support.In all,this study may provide some hints to design efficient nano Pt particles for the selective hydrogenation.

细胞核定位的萘酰亚胺类衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤作用研究

以4-溴-1,8-萘酐为原料,经亲核取代反应合成了系列手性氨基醇修饰的萘酰亚胺衍生物NI1-NI8.四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法研究了其细胞毒性,发现含有伯羟基氨基醇修饰的萘酰亚胺衍生物中R型的细胞毒性好于S型异构体.经紫外光谱、荧光光谱和激光共聚焦实验研究了化合物(R)-2-(2-(二甲基氨基)乙基)-6-((1-羟基-2-丙烷基)氨基)-萘酰亚胺(NI1)和(S)-2-(2-(二甲基氨基)乙基)-6-((1-羟基-2-丙烷基)氨基)-萘酰亚胺(NI2)与DNA分子和HeLa细胞的相互作用,发现其能有效与脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)络合,键合常数达到10^(4)L/mol–1;且NI1和NI2与HeLa细胞作用可定位于细胞核.流式细胞实验结果显示NI1和NI2能够使细胞周期阻滞于S期而抑制细胞增殖.小鼠体内血液毒性结果显示NI1对血液中的红细胞、白细胞和血小板无明显影响.

Temporal lobe epilepsy associated with human herpes virus 6

Human herpes virus 6(HHV-6)is a ubiquitous and most common pathogen that affects humans.Human herpes virus 6B(HHV-6B)is a wide spread human herpesvirus that infects most people when they are children,establishes latent infections in the central nervous system(CNS),especially in the hippocampus and amygdala,and induces neurologic diseases.HHV-6 can establish a latent infection and be reactivated by various stimuli.Recently,viral genomic DNA of HHV-6B has been detected in surgically removed brain tissues of intractable epilepsy patients,suggesting the involvement of HHV-6B in the pathogenesis of epilepsy.Temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE)has been shown to be closely related with HHV-6B.TLE patients with HHV-6B in their brains suffer from reiterative attacks of febrile seizures and hippocampal sclerosis.However,the mechanisms underlying the contribution of this virus to the development of TLE remains unknown.The direct damage and immune activation caused by the virus are involved in the process of neuron damage,abnormal neural circuit formation and glial cell proliferation.In addition,some cytokines like interleukin-17A(IL-17A),nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κb),transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β),mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and phospholipase A2 are up-regulated and involved in the pathological process of TLE.More studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the link between HHV-6B and epilepsy,and identify biomarkers to recognize different patient groups for anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory therapies.

The prevalence,characteristics and outcome of seizure in tuberculous meningitis

Seizures are a common finding in patients with tuberculous meningitis(TBM),and associate with four times increased risk of death and neurological disability,especially in children.It has been reported that brain inflammation,diffuse neuronal injury,and reactive gliosis may all contribute to the pathogenesis of seizures in TBM.Early seizure onset may be associated with meningeal irritation and cerebral oedema;while,the late seizures are usually due to infarction,hydrocephalus,tuberculoma and paradoxical response.Moreover,recurrent uncontrolled seizures can evolve to status epileptics resulting in an increased risk of chronic epilepsy and poor prognosis.Therefore,this review aimed to assess the frequency of seizures in patients with TBM,and discuss the etiologies,mechanisms,and characteristics of seizures in TBM.Besides,we have searched the literature to identify the prognostic factors for chronic epilepsy after TBM.

Special issue on the battle against complex virus world in the human brain:seizure as a result of viral infection

Viruses are the smallest living things known to science,yet they hold the entire planet in their way.-from A Planet of Viruses,Carl Zimmer The corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has become a big threat to human health.Studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 can also invade the central nervous system(CNS)[1].Currently.